What are the teaching materials for military training?

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According to records, in Shang Dynasty, due to the increase of wars between governors, rulers paid more and more attention to military training. In addition to training regular troops, they also provided military education to nobles at all levels through schools.

Since the Western Zhou Dynasty, official courses have been divided into "national studies" and "rural studies", and there are two levels: "primary schools" and "universities". According to the Book of Rites, Zhou Li and other records, the universities in the Western Zhou Dynasty mainly practiced martial arts, and the teachers were generally officers. The main content of military training is to learn archery, that is, to learn archery and control five kinds of chariots. This is the earliest military training record of students in ancient China. Among them, "University", that is, "Six Arts" is the standard course, and "Ritual, Music, Shooting, Imperial, Calligraphy and Mathematics" are the six basic talents that students need to master. Shooting and forbidding are ancient military training, and teachers are generally directly served by officers.

"History of Li Zhoubao" records: "Educating the country with Taoism is to teach six arts", which is the earliest written record of "military training for students" in China. Confucius, who was respected as an educator by later generations, even regarded the art of shooting defense as equally important as the education of rites and music in the teaching process. Confucius pointed out that "a good man can teach people for seven years, and he can also be brave."

"To fight without teaching the people is to abandon it" (The Analects of Lutz), which puts military training and education in a very high position. Due to the implementation of the education of both civil and military skills, most of the students taught are both civil and military. For example, among Confucius' 3,000 disciples, there are 72 people who are both civil and military. At that time, people regarded the level of military skills as a sign of whether a person had talent or not. The so-called "shooting feet is wise" ("Mandarin Today").