Introduction of common disinfectants

I found more detailed information on the official website of Guo Jian.

1 halogen disinfectant

Halogen disinfectants include chlorine disinfectants, iodine disinfectants and bromine disinfectants.

1. 1 Chlorine-containing disinfectants include inorganic chlorine-containing disinfectants (sodium hypochlorite, bleaching powder, chlorine dioxide, etc. ); Organic chlorine-containing disinfectants (dichloroisocyanuric acid, sodium dichloroisocyanurate, trichloroisocyanuric acid and dichlorohydantoin) are highly effective disinfectants.

The bactericidal power of organic chlorine-containing disinfectants is stronger than that of inorganic chlorine-containing disinfectants, and the efficacy lasts for a long time when used in water. They play a bactericidal role in the form of non-dissociation, so the bactericidal effect is better in acidic environment and slightly worse in alkaline environment.

This disinfectant has stable performance, easy storage, convenient use, high efficiency and wide disinfection spectrum, and is the first choice for environmental disinfection. The disadvantage is that it is easily affected by organic matter, reducing substances and pH value, and organochlorine disinfectants are harmful to people and animals.

1.2 iodine-containing disinfectants include tincture of iodine, iodophor and compound iodine preparation. Belonging to Zhongxiao Yu disinfectant.

Iodine tincture has the function of killing bacteria, spores, viruses and fungi quickly and efficiently, and has long been the first choice for surgical disinfection.

The advantages of iodophor disinfectant are: wide disinfection spectrum, killing all kinds of bacteria, spores, viruses and fungi; Quick action; Small smell, no irritation, no corrosion and low toxicity; Stable performance and storage resistance.

Disadvantages are good disinfection effect in acidic environment (pH = 2 ~ 5) and corrosive to metals; When the pH value is high, the sterilization effect is poor; The effective component of iodine sterilization is free iodine, and the disinfection effect decreases when reducing substances exist; In addition, sunlight will accelerate the decomposition of iodophor, so keep it away from light.

1.3 Bromine-containing disinfectants such as dibromohydantoin, bromochlorohydantoin and bromoisocyanuric acid. Its bactericidal effect is similar to that of chlorine-containing disinfectant, but its price is higher. It is rarely used in livestock and poultry disinfection, but its algae removal performance is superior.

2 oxidant disinfectant

Common oxidant disinfectants are peracetic acid and potassium permanganate. Both of them are highly effective disinfectants.

Peroxyacetic acid is a good disinfectant for environmental disinfection. It still has a good bactericidal effect in low temperature environment and is often used for disinfection of cold storage. Its disadvantages are unstable, easy to explode when heated, easy to decompose and fail, corrosive and irritating.

Potassium permanganate is often used as a means of transportation for livestock and poultry and disinfection of livestock houses. Such as potassium permanganate-formaldehyde fumigation.

This disinfectant has stable performance, convenient use and good disinfection effect. The disadvantage is that the disinfection effect decreases when the reducing substance exists, and the sunlight will accelerate the decomposition, so it should be stored away from light.

3 aldehyde disinfectant

There are formalin solution, glutaraldehyde and so on. The cost is high, and it is mainly used for disinfection of instruments. As environmental disinfection, the cost is limited.

Phenolic disinfectant

Phenolic disinfectants include Lysol, coal phenol soap, compound phenol and so on. The disinfection ability of compound phenol is stronger than the first two, and it can completely replace the first two.

This disinfectant has the advantages of stable performance, simple production process and low corrosiveness to articles, and can be used for environmental disinfection of livestock and poultry houses, and has strong killing ability to various bacteria and enveloped viruses.

The disadvantage is that the effect on mycobacterium tuberculosis and spores is not exact, and the effect on non-encapsulated virus is poor; Easily influenced by alkaline substances and organic substances; It has a special smell and certain irritation, and its disinfection effect on live livestock and poultry is very limited. Phenol will cause environmental pollution, and its use is gradually restricted.

Quaternary ammonium salt disinfectant

Quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants, such as bromogeramine, bromogeramine and double long-chain quaternary ammonium salt disinfectants. , which can kill enveloped and fat-soluble viruses, is an inefficient disinfectant. There are 100 kinds of poisons and 100 grams of energy in the market. Quaternary ammonium salts have no disinfection effect on viruses without capsule.

The advantages of this kind of products are low bactericidal concentration, low toxicity and irritation, colorless solution, no corrosiveness, small odor, good water solubility, strong surface activity, convenient use, stable performance, light resistance, heat resistance and storage resistance.

Disadvantages are that it is ineffective for non-encapsulated viruses, and it is easy to be absorbed by various surface organic substances to reduce the effective concentration, and there are many compatibility taboos (hard water is not suitable, distilled water is best; Dilution with warm water will become clear and effective), and the sterilization effect is greatly affected by organic matter.

6 alcohol disinfectant

Alcohol disinfectants, such as alcohol, are commonly used disinfectants. There are no reports of environmental disinfection.

7 compound disinfectant

Compound disinfectant is a compound disinfectant with different properties, different categories and different structures to enhance the disinfection and sterilization ability. Compounding does not mean disorderly compounding, such as redox, or compounding with organic compounds, alkaline and acidic compounds. Their bactericidal power will offset each other or produce decomposition reaction. Some compound disinfectants can only be prepared at present, and their stability is poor, which has become an insurmountable obstacle for compound disinfectants.