Principle of harmonica sound production

Harmonica (English), a multi-reed instrument, vibrates the metal reeds by blowing or inhaling through the mouth; In the classification of musical instruments, it belongs to wind instruments with free springs. The following is the knowledge I brought to you about the sound principle of harmonica. Welcome to read!

Harmonica sound principle:

First, the structure of harmonica

Each hole of the blues harmonica is equipped with a pair of reeds, and the player makes one sound when exhaling and another sound when inhaling; Chromatic harmonica is equipped with two pairs of reeds in each hole, and the keys cooperate with breathing to make four different sounds. However, the adjacent upper and lower squares of polyphonic harmonica have the same pitch, and they play different sounds by changing holes and sucking. The harmonica was invented by Germany in the19th century. It is based on some organs brought from Asia to Europe.

Harmonica performance can be highly artistic, and skilled players can create various effects by changing the pronunciation of reeds and the pressure of airflow. Harmonicas are mostly used in blues and country folk songs, but also in rock music. With the appearance of chromatic harmonica and 10 hole harmonica, the harmonica can also play classical music and some jazz music. In addition, serious music composers are also interested in harmonica and compose music for it, including the Harmonica and Band Suite by D. Mi Yue and Vaughan? Williams' harmonica and band romance and so on.

Bruce Ten Cave

This harmonica has 10 blowholes, and each hole has two reeds. When blowing, one of the reeds begins to vibrate, producing a note. When you inhale, the other reed begins to vibrate, producing another note. Therefore, each blowhole can produce two notes. In fact, more notes can be produced by bending and blowing. The blues harmonica consists of five parts: two covers, two boards embedded with reeds and a comb. These five parts are assembled with screws to form a complete harmonica.

Harmonica is produced by the vibration of reed, and in the process of making harmonica, reed is fixed in the gap of spring leaf, so the manufacturing accuracy is very high; Therefore, the harmonica also needs to be maintained and cleaned to keep it in the best working condition.

Chromatic scale

Chromatic harmonica is one of the most ideal and expressive solo instruments. Its scale organization is like a piano. In addition to ordinary notes, it also adds a chromatic scale that ordinary harmonicas do not have. No matter what timbre, you can play it with chromatic harmonica. With the development of science and technology, the structure and materials of chromatic harmonica are constantly improving, making it easier to learn and play. Chromatic harmonica is mainly divided into four types: ten holes, twelve holes, fourteen holes and sixteen holes. 12 hole chromatic harmonica is the most commonly used. A chromatic harmonica with C-key 12 holes has three octaves and a complete semitone, and its arrangement is divided into a group of octaves every four holes according to the scale order.

Polyphony class

The main components of polyphonic harmonica include two covers, two copper spring pieces, reeds embedded in the spring pieces, and a plastic or wooden grid. These main parts are assembled together by screws to form a complete polyphonic harmonica. When the screws are removed, the harmonica becomes these scattered parts. Polyphonic harmonica is often used in traditional folk music.

Second, the maintenance of harmonica

First of all, we should know that the sound-producing part of the harmonica is the reed fixed on the reed plate. In the blues harmonica, these reeds are usually very small, and some tiny attachments will not only lead to inaccurate pronunciation of these reeds, but also protect the cleanliness of the harmonica to a great extent.

Here are some tips on harmonica maintenance.

1) Don't eat while playing the harmonica;

2) Don't drink high-viscosity and high-alcohol drinks before playing the harmonica;

3) Rinse your mouth before playing, and it is best to brush your teeth;

4) After the play, gently pat the water vapor of the water spray hole;

5) Put the harmonica in a dry place (harmonica box) after playing;

6) It is best not to share a harmonica with others;

7) The bending sound does not cause much damage to the reed, but the wrong breathing at the beginning may cause the reed to break;

8) Don't blow too hard, so as not to damage or change the sound of the reed.

9) Don't wipe the harmonica with chemical volatile reagent, which is easy to deform.

10) Don't put foreign matter into the air hole, which may cause failure and damage.

Before the reed breaks, the interval is greatly reduced. In this case, please stop using it immediately.

Third, the sound principle of harmonica

(1) When playing the harmonica, the airflow hits the copper plate, which vibrates and produces sound;

(2) The long and thick copper plate vibrates slowly and the tone of sound is low; The short and thin copper plate vibrates quickly and makes a high pitch sound.

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