History of Chinese Arts and Crafts

1. The "Xuanwu" in the four god patterns of the Wadang represents summer, south and red. ( )

2. The warriors in the Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shi Huang all have beards. ( )

3. The overall style of arts and crafts in the Song Dynasty was elegant and translucent. ( )

4. The Potala Palace was rebuilt in the second year of Kangxi. ( )

5, folk "blue and white noble Xuande". ( )

6, Song officials of the seasonal clothing is made by their own seasonal clothing. ( )

7, China's kiln name from the Fifth Dynasty. ( )

8. The jade badge is rounded inside and square outside to symbolize the smoothness of being a man. ( )

9, Su Li Ma Qing is a kind of blue and white pigment. ( )

10, the Song Dynasty noble women popular in wearing Hu clothing. ( )

1. Jade was precious in primitive society, and it did not represent the wealth of people or their rank. ( )

2. The warriors in the Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shihuang are one in a thousand. ( )

3. China entered the era of ceramics during the Song Dynasty. ( )

4. Long inscriptions appeared on bronzes of the Western Zhou Dynasty. ( )

5. Ghost-faced money circulated in Qi during the Warring States period. ( )

6, Dingzhou flower porcelain, the color of the world white. ( )

7. Shen Zifan's woof emphasizes pictoriality. ( )

8, the Ming Dynasty silk satin with Ru flower, the color of the flower, the organization of gold and silver three kinds of decorations. ( )

9, the peak of the Tang bronze mirror production is the Gaozong a Dezong years. ( )

10, Liyuan original name "summer residence". ( )

1. Jade cong is a magic weapon for sacrificing to the gods of heaven and earth. ( )

2. The warriors in the Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shihuang are one of a kind. ( )

3. The peak of bronze mirror production in China was during the reign of Emperor Gaozong I Dezong of the Tang Dynasty. ( )

4, the Qing dynasty cloisonné new technology is copper painting enamel. ( )

5. Jade pearls are bright objects placed in the mouths of the dead, carved in the shape of cicadas to symbolize the regeneration of molting cicadas. ( )

6, the Northern Song Dynasty in the capital city popular hu clothing. ( )

7, "heap Zhu Yang Cheng" is the Japanese honoring China's famous Yuan Dynasty woof master Zhang Cheng and Yang Mao. ( )

8, Eastern Zhou bronzes decorated with fierce taotie motifs. ( )

9, China's Song Dynasty ceramics are famous for their colorful patterns. ( )

10. "Sharp, flush, round and healthy" is the praise for the best lake brush. ( )

1. The jade cong is round inside and square outside to symbolize the need to be smooth. ( )

2. The warriors in the Terracotta Warriors of Qin Shi Huang were all alike. ( )

3. The Lion Grove, the Humble Administrator's Garden, and the Liouyuan Garden are all in Suzhou. ( )

4, Su Li Ma Qing is a kind of blue and white pigments. ( )

5. Jade pearls are bright objects placed in the mouth of the deceased, carved in the shape of a cicada to symbolize the regeneration of the molted cicada. ( )

6, the Forbidden City, Taihe Temple roof for the heavy eaves hipped. ( )

7, "pile Zhu Yang Cheng" is the Japanese honoring China's famous Yuan dynasty masters Zhang Cheng and Yang Mao woof. ( )

8, the Shang dynasty bronze decorative patterns to hideous taotie pattern is common. ( )

9, the Song Dynasty Jun porcelain to "ice crack open piece" is famous. ( )

10, folk "blue and white noble Yongle" said. ( )

10. ( )

Multiple choice questions

1, "Seven Sages of the Bamboo Grove" advocate ____ doctrine. (A)

A Taoism B Confucianism C Buddhism D Christ

2, the Warring States produced a lot of lacquer ware is (C)

A Jin B Zhao C Chu D Qin

3, tripods and gui with the use of a very delicate, the son of heaven to use (B)

A seven tripods and six gui B nine tripods and eight gui C eight tripods and six gui D ten tripods and nine gui

4, was Zhuge Liang The craft that has been promoted to the southwest minority areas is (A)

A Shu brocade B Shu embroidery C Shu weaving D Shu silk

5, "Song celadon inverted pot" is the product of which kiln (B)

A Ru kiln B Yaosu kiln C Guan kiln D Gao kiln

6, the dance excavated from the upper Sujiazhai of Datong, Qinghai Province, may be the dance in the patterned color pot. The dance in the patterned colored pots may be (B)

A ancestor worship B expedition to celebrate the success of C feast performance D festival carnival

7, which of the following is not a feature of the Longmen Grottoes. (D)

A unity of politics and religion B show bone clear like C inscription inscription D reject foreign culture

8, "Tang three colors" in the three main colors for (A)

A blue, green and yellow B white, green and yellow

C red, white and Zhu D purple, yellow and white

9, Song Dynasty What kind of people loved to wear the "crane cloak"? (D)

A nobleman B lady C emperor D literati

10, the warring states zenghouyi copper disk hollowed out attachment is made with ___ method. (D)

A muddy casting B pottery piece C sub-casting D lost wax method

11, the following wood non-Ming furniture is used (B)

A rosewood B willow wood C pear wood D mahogany

12, Miao Di Gou colored pottery patterns are mostly (A)

A bird pattern, frog pattern B fish pattern, grass pattern C bird pattern, fish pattern D frog pattern, fire pattern

13、The font in the text tiles is the (B )

A Regular script B Seal script C Clerical script D Weibei

14、Which of the following patterns belongs to the Sichuan Han portrait bricks ornamentation. (A )

A Eagle Shooting Harvest B Land and Water Attack C Three Peaches Killing Two Swords D Jing Ke Stabbing the Qin King

15, Changxin Palace Lanterns are made by ___ to deal with the fumes. (A )

A through the sleeve to the abdomen B through the sleeve to the head C specialized chimney D through the mouth and nose

Answers to the above 15 questions A, C, B, A, B, B, D, A, D, D, B, A, B, A, A

1 "Tiger Eating Wine Container" is a bronze vessel of the period of ___. (D)

A, Warring States B, Spring and Autumn Period C, Western Zhou Dynasty D, Shang Dynasty

2. The officials of the Qing Dynasty who had "rubies" on their tops were (A)

A, First Grade B, Third Grade C, Fifth Grade D, From the First Grade

3. "Yu Garden" of " Yu Yuan "Yu" is (C)

A, Henan abbreviation B, hesitation C, Yu Yue old man D, the name

4, the Ming Dynasty porcelain "five-color" refers to (B)

A, glaze B, underglaze color C, glaze color D, glaze color

5, the main pattern on the clothing of the Prince of the Qing dynasty (B)

A, blue dragon B, yellow python C, phoenix D, rivers and mountains

6, Han Wadang four god pattern of the dominant summer is. (A)

A, Zhuque B, Qinglong C, White Tiger D, Xuanwu

7, which of the following stories did not appear in the Wu Liang Temple portrait stone (D)

A, Jing Ke assassinated the King of Qin B, King Mu of Zhou will be the Queen Mother of the West C, Dayu to rule the water D, three peaches to kill the two soldiers

8, the Yuan Dynasty used more decorative patterns are (A)

A, plum blossom B, Peony C. Banana D. Lotus flower

9, bronze "Jennifer" belongs to the (C)

A, drinker B, wine storage C, wine D, musical instruments

10, which of the following is not the artistic characteristics of pastel porcelain (D)

A, halo painting B, glaze white as jade C, characters such as fly D, the word as a fly D, the pastel porcelain, the pastel porcelain, the pastel porcelain, the pastel porcelain, the pastel porcelain, the pastel porcelain, the pastel porcelain, the pastel porcelain, the pastel porcelain, the pastel porcelain, the pastel porcelain, the pastel porcelain, the pastel porcelain. , words such as fly D, heavy carcass

11, the following wood is not Ming furniture is used (B )

A, rosewood B, willow C, pear wood D, mahogany

12, which of the following is not a feature of the Longmen Grottoes. (D)

A, the unity of politics and religion B, show bone clear like C, inscriptions inscriptions D, reject foreign culture

13, which of the following kinds of jade is used to salute the sky. (B )

A, Juan B, Bik C, ring D, penannular jade ring

14、Which of the following is the clothing often worn by the literati in the Song Dynasty. (B )

A, than the armor B, Crane cloak C, than the armor D, the quality of the Sun clothing

15, the official kiln porcelain inscription began in the (A )

A, the Ming Dynasty B, the Qing Dynasty C, the Southern Song Dynasty D, the Tang Dynasty

Answers to the above 15 questions D, A, C, B, B, A, D, A, C, D, D, B, D, B, B, A

Explained

The question

Picture bricks: Picture bricks and picture stones are part of architectural decoration. General building bricks, mostly plain. But the decoration of the building bricks have more pictures and text. Brick carving began in the Qin and Han Dynasties, mostly carved brick expression generally with large blocks of large surface of the relief; six dynasties, the portrait of the brick began to use the mold mass production, the Tang Dynasty brick-making process reached a historical peak, after the Tang Dynasty, the portrait of the brick gradually declined.

Blue and white: the so-called blue and white refers to the cobalt material on porcelain tires with a brush to depict the pattern pattern, and then on the transparent glaze, fired at high temperatures, showing the blue pattern of underglaze porcelain. The origin of blue and white can be traced back to the Tang, Song period, but the technology was not yet mature, and its popularity may be in the Yuan Dynasty after the middle.

Woof, also known as engraved silk, is a new weaving, weaving into the weft threads according to the pattern, that is, "through the warp and weft" weaving method, mainly used to weave painting and calligraphy works, delicate and realistic, as depicted in the Northern Song Dynasty, the main place of origin in Dingzhou, Hebei Province, the Southern Song Dynasty to the clouds (Songjiang) as the center, appeared in the Zhu Kerou. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the center was Yunma (Songjiang), where famous artists such as Zhu Kerou, Shen Zifan and Wu Xu appeared.

Doucai: a new type of porcelain that appeared during the Ming Chenghua period. First of all in the plain tire decorated with blue and white, covered with glaze into the kiln firing, and then in the glaze with other color decoration, in the kiln baked into the glaze, glaze, under the two colors of the design of each other.

Tick red is carved lacquer process. Its process is characterized by tens or even hundreds of vermilion-colored lacquer coated on wooden tires, ceramic tires or folder storage, to be dry, carved in the lacquer skin, openwork decoration, to achieve the effect of relief. Carved lacquer works are elegant and noble, very decorative.

Short Answer

1, what are the main uses of Shang Dynasty bronzes?

Answer: the main uses of bronze in the Shang Dynasty are: First, in the ritual as a "man and God" communication tools; Second, in a variety of rituals to symbolize the power and status of the slave masters; Third, as the daily life of the aristocrats; Fourth, weapons, musical instruments, and other

2, briefly describe the aesthetic characteristics of Ming furniture.

Answer: "Ming-style" furniture styling and design art courageous innovation system, has achieved a high level of success. The design of its attention to: 1, the beauty of the material. Fully display the texture and color of the wood, without covering. 2. structural beauty, no nails, no glue, the main application of mortise and tenon structure, no part of the application of different mortise and tenon. 3. craftsmanship, workmanship, mortise and tenon precision, hundreds of years will not loosen, polished smooth and flat. 4. meaning of artisanal beauty, "skillful and appropriate, precise and suitable." "Ming style" furniture art style can be used "simple. Thick. Precision. Elegant" to summarize. The first three words are its style characteristics, the last word is that it reached the design realm. This "elegance" is not from outside the realm, but from the first three words, that is, from the exquisite design of the artisanal beauty.

3, what is blue and white porcelain? And briefly describe the Yuan blue and white porcelain decoration of the subject matter and artistic characteristics

A: the so-called blue and white refers to the cobalt material on porcelain tires with a brush to depict the pattern pattern, and then on the transparent glaze, fired at high temperatures, showing the blue pattern of the underglaze porcelain.

Yuan dynasty blue and white porcelain porcelain decorative patterns can be roughly divided into two categories of main and secondary patterns. In the yuan dynasty porcelain as the main pattern of patterns are mainly the following: A variety of flowers and plants B a variety of animal patterns C historical stories. As the secondary pattern of the eight yards, dark eight immortals and so on. Yuan porcelain is partly influenced by Islamic culture, the decoration is dense and rigorous, rich in layers. Vessel painted decoration, less than two or three layers, more than seven or eight layers, but not cluttered, but the main body is prominent, layered.

4, the north of China has which four famous grottoes, what is the nature of this craft?

A: China's northern four famous grottoes are: Xinjiang Kizil Grottoes, Gansu Dunhuang Grottoes, Shanxi Datong Yungang Grottoes, Henan Luoyang Longmen Grottoes. Grottoes art as a class struggle in the ideological field of representation, is essentially an important means of consolidating imperial power through the way like teaching, so it gives people the feeling of a virtual light, the remote other side of the world is never reachable, the real equality of all beings is also a swindle. Especially in the Yungang Grottoes and Longmen Grottoes statues, obviously can see the image of the ruler implied in the Buddha, so people worship Buddha is to worship the emperor.

5, Shang and Zhou bronze taotie pattern composition, symbolism and aesthetic features are? (7 points)

Answer: It is generally believed that the main pattern in the Shang and Zhou bronzes taotie pattern is a beast, and to the bull, the lion is common. And the attached pattern is a phoenix bird pattern. The symbolism of Taotie pattern is: Taotie is the name proposed by the Song Dynasty, and the legend is that it is a son of the dragon, specializing in cannibalism, and as a result, he himself is only left with a horrible face. It therefore symbolizes a mysterious power, essentially a tool for the slave-owning class to spread power. The taotie motif is full of horror, thus it gives a sublime beauty. Moreover, as seen in the tattoo, the brushwork is rough and bold, strong and masculine.

6, China's classical private gardens and the different styles of Western gardens.

Essentials: China's classical private gardens focus on the harmony between man and nature, pay attention to poetry, pay attention to the natural vivid (although made by people, just like from the sky) and so on. Western gardens reflect the conquest of nature, focusing on rationality, etc.

7, briefly describe the aesthetic characteristics of Ming furniture.

Answer: "Ming style" furniture styling and design art courageous innovation system, has achieved a high level of success. The design of its attention to: 1, the beauty of the material. Fully display the texture and color of the wood, without covering. 2. structural beauty, no nails, no glue, the main application of mortise and tenon structure, no part of the application of different mortise and tenon. 3. craftsmanship, workmanship, mortise and tenon precision, hundreds of years will not loosen, polished smooth and flat. 4. meaning of artisanal beauty, "skillful and appropriate, precise and suitable." "Ming style" furniture art style can be used "simple. Thick. Precision. Elegant" to summarize. The first three words are its style characteristics, the last word is that it reached the design realm. This "elegance" is not from outside the realm, but from the first three words, that is, from the exquisite design of the artisanal beauty.

V. Discussion

1. Discuss the characteristics of the Three Kingdoms, the two Jin dynasties, the North and South Dynasties and the Tang Dynasty, the Qing Dynasty costumes, what kind of zeitgeist is reflected in each of them, as well as your evaluation.

Essentials: the three kingdoms, two jin, north and south dynasty clothing wide clothes, wearing a wide range of clothes, wearing personality, change relatively fast, spontaneous, reflecting the independence of people and the pursuit of the quality of life and the spirit of the times of relative liberation of ideas; the Tang dynasty clothing loose, colorful, elegant, dashing, flowing, with the times, chasing the new, fashionable, women wearing men's clothing, etc., reflecting the positive spirit of the vigorous and upward trend and the increasingly extravagant The living conditions, but also respect for human nature, etc.; Qing Dynasty dress has a strict hierarchy, and closed strict especially for women's confinement is deeper. Reflects the feudalism on the repression of human nature.

2. Take the private gardens of Ming and Qing Dynasties as an example, try to discuss the aesthetic style of Chinese classical gardens and the reference value of contemporary urban gardening.

The main points: China's classical private gardens focus on harmony (the integration of man and nature), elegance (poetic and picturesque), static and dynamic (a variety of topiary techniques), small to see the big (thousands of miles at hand), and natural vivid (although made by people, just like the sky) and so on. Drawing on the significance of highlighting the harmony between man and nature and the conveyance of cultural connotations.

3, why is the "law of nature" is the concept of the Song dynasty design and quality characteristics? (Expository questions, to porcelain as a representative of the discussion)

Answer: the mainstream culture of the Song dynasty is the culture of the scholars. Scholarly culture is rooted in the interpretation of Confucianism, in the psychological needs, they are concerned about the natural way of nature, that is, "metaphysical" philosophical impulse tends to be even more than the enthusiasm of the political personnel, in the interpretation of Confucianism's resources, more inclined to the Tao. Song Confucianism is good to natural law to explain the social personnel, not the other way around, more "Tao" temperament, the creation of "science" is also known as "Taoism". All kinds of things have a reason or characteristic, all have its so, is its "reason", than the "Tao" of all things more clear, close to science. The exposition of science was reversed, and the means became the end, and the "knowledge of things" became the prerequisite for the cultivation of one's body and mind, and the fulfillment of the meaning of the purpose of life was sought from the pursuit of knowledge. Respect for nature, physical investigation, observation, love of experimentation, promoting the development of science in the Song Dynasty. This background to the art of design has also formed a strong support, and determines the concept and quality of the Song Dynasty design characteristics - "Taoism and nature".

4. Take Ming furniture as an example, try to describe the basic style of arts and crafts in the Ming Dynasty, and talk about your views on it.

Answer: China's Ming furniture is simple, line-based; rigorous structure, fine workmanship; moderate decoration, complexity and simplicity. Not painted, reflecting the texture and texture of the wood itself, focusing on practicality. In general, it presents the artistic characteristics of simplicity, thickness, refinement and elegance. From it, we can see that the basic style of arts and crafts in the Ming Dynasty was "healthy" and "about". The so-called healthy, is full and not flashy; the so-called about, is generalized and not superfluous. Whether it is modeling or decoration, decorative are very strong, so that people feel that the craft of the beauty of the stylized. Ming craftsmen are good at grasping the natural properties of the material, give full play to its natural beauty, but also good at the fine handmade technology skillfully low fusion in the composition of crafts, without revealing, so simple and even clumsy craft aesthetics make the apparatus more with a wave of solemnity and solidity of the meaning.

Hand-painted sketches or patterns of the following utensils

Bronze goblets, tripods, and knights

Porcelain meiping vases, yuhu chun gourd vases

Wadang four gods pattern