Encyclopedia of decision support details

Decision support system (dss) is a computer application system that assists decision makers to make semi-structured or unstructured decisions by means of human-computer interaction through data, models and knowledge.

It is an advanced information management system produced by the development of management information system to a higher level. It provides an environment for decision makers to analyze problems, build models, simulate decision-making processes and schemes, and calls various information resources and analysis tools to help decision makers improve their decision-making level and quality.

Name of the work: Decision Support System mbth: Decision Support System Creation Year: Development Course, Classification, Decision Steps, Basic Structure and Development Process in 1970s Since the concept of decision support system was put forward in 1970s, decision support system has been greatly developed. 1980, Sprague put forward a three-part structure of decision support system (dialogue part, data part and model part), and defined the basic composition of decision support system, which greatly promoted the development of decision support system. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, decision support systems began to be combined with expert systems to form intelligent decision support systems. Intelligent decision support system gives full play to the characteristics of expert system in solving qualitative analysis problems in the form of knowledge reasoning, and also gives full play to the characteristics of decision support system in solving quantitative analysis problems with model calculation as the core, fully realizes the organic combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, and greatly develops the ability and scope of problem solving. Intelligent decision support system is a new stage in the development of decision support system. In the mid-1990s, new technologies such as data warehouse (DW), online analytical processing (OLAP) and data mining (DM) appeared, and DW+OLAP+DM gradually formed the concept of a new decision support system. Therefore, intelligent decision support system is called traditional decision support system. The new decision support system is characterized by obtaining information and knowledge from data, which is completely different from the traditional decision support system that uses models and knowledge to assist decision. Traditional decision support system and new decision support system are two different auxiliary decision-making methods, which can't replace each other but should be combined with each other. A decision support system that combines data warehouse, online analytical processing, data mining, model base, database and knowledge base, that is, a decision support system that combines traditional decision support system and new decision support system, is a more advanced decision support system and becomes an integrated decision support system (SDSS). Comprehensive decision support system gives full play to the advantages of traditional decision support system and new decision support system, and realizes more effective decision support. Comprehensive decision support system is the future development direction. Due to the popularity of the Internet, the decision support system under the network environment will appear in a new structural form. Decision resources such as data resources, model resources and knowledge resources of decision support system will be used as * * * shared resources to provide concurrent * * shared services on the network in the form of servers, which opens up a new way for decision support system. Decision support system under network environment is the development direction of decision support system. Knowledge Management (KM), management in the era of knowledge economy, grid computing and other new generation cross technologies are all related to decision support system. Knowledge management system emphasizes knowledge sharing and grid computing emphasizes resource sharing. Decision Support System (DSS) uses the decision resources (data, models and knowledge) enjoyed by * * * to help solve various decision-making problems. A new decision support system based on data warehouse is the technical basis of knowledge management. The comprehensive decision support system under the network environment will be built on the basis of grid computing, making full use of decision resources on the grid to realize on-demand decision support. China Shipping Group adopts Ma Kewei's decision support platform, carries out detailed mathematical modeling on topics such as transportation capacity and fuel, optimizes routes, and effectively improves the efficiency of scientific decision-making of enterprise decision makers. Chongqing Department Store Group cooperated with Shanghai Tianlv Information Technology Co., Ltd. to carry out promotion analysis, sales analysis and competitor analysis, assist decision makers to make flexible sales plans and track the implementation of the plans in real time, which significantly improved the competitiveness of enterprises. Classified decision-making can be divided into the following three categories according to its nature: (1) Structured decision-making means that the environment and rules of a decision-making process can be described by a certain model or language, a decision-making scheme can be generated by an appropriate algorithm, and the optimal solution can be selected from a variety of schemes; (2) Unstructured decision-making refers to the complicated decision-making process, which can't be described by definite models and languages, let alone decisions with optimal solutions; (3) Semi-structured decision-making is a decision between the above two. This kind of decision-making can establish an appropriate algorithm to generate a decision-making scheme, so as to obtain a better solution in the decision-making scheme. Unstructured and semi-structured decision-making are generally used in middle and high-level management of organizations. On the one hand, its decision-makers need to analyze and judge according to experience, on the other hand, they also need to provide all kinds of auxiliary information for decision-making with the help of computers to make correct and effective decisions in time. Decision Steps The decision-making process is generally divided into four steps: (1) Finding problems and forming decision-making objectives, including establishing decision-making models, drawing up plans and determining effective measures, which is the starting point of decision-making activities; (2) Quantitatively describe the possibility of each scheme producing various results with probability; (3) Decision makers quantitatively evaluate various results, which are generally expressed by utility values. Utility value is a quantitative estimation of the value of various results by relevant decision makers according to their personal talent, experience, style and environmental conditions. (4) Comprehensive analysis of all aspects of information ultimately determines the choice of the scheme, and sometimes it is necessary to conduct sensitivity analysis of the scheme, study the influence of the change of the original data on the optimal solution, and determine the parameter range that has great influence on the scheme. Decision-making is often impossible to complete at one time, but an iterative process. Decision can be made with the help of computer decision support system, that is, computer-aided determination of goals, formulation of plans, analysis and evaluation, and simulation verification. In this process, human-computer interaction can be used, and decision makers can provide the parameters of various schemes and choose the schemes. The basic structure of decision support system is mainly composed of four parts, namely, data part, model part, reasoning part and human-computer interaction part. The data part is the database system. The model part includes model base and model base management system (MBMS). The reasoning part consists of knowledge base, knowledge base management system and inference engine. The human-computer interaction part is the human-computer interaction interface of decision support system, which is used to receive and check the user's request, call the internal functional software of the system to serve the decision, make the model operation, data call and knowledge reasoning organically unified, and effectively solve the decision-making problem.