What is the development process of lacquerware technology?

Lacquerware is a major contribution of the Chinese nation to human civilization. China's lacquer craft can be traced back to the distant Neolithic Age, followed by the splendor of the Warring States period to the Qin and Han Dynasties, the heyday of the Song and Yuan Dynasties, and the splendor of the Ming and Qing Dynasties, lacquer craftsmanship reached a fairly high level, and left behind a large number of lacquered treasures of the era, exquisite craftsmanship, and peculiar shapes.

China's ancient working people in the manufacture of lacquer ware, often add tung oil and other dry vegetable oil. Tung oil was extracted from the seeds of the tung tree. When heated, tung oil undergoes a chemical reaction, thus creating a film.

The people of our country have recognized the film-forming property of tung oil from a very early time, and thus widely used it and made it to be combined with lacquer, which is a remarkable creation in the history of human chemistry.

Lacquer liquid secreted from the lacquer tree, the sun can form a black glowing lacquer film, which is very easy to observe. China's ancient working people with their own clever brain and hard-working hands, this natural phenomenon to the artificial use of the lacquer produced a variety of colors.

Archaeologists once excavated a lacquer-painted black pottery jar at a late Neolithic site in Wujiang, Jiangsu Province.

Archaeologists have also discovered through excavations that China's ancient working people were able to make very fine red carved wooden lacquerware as early as the Shang Dynasty, as archaeologists unearthed a wooden lacquerware with red lacquer marks at the site of Yinxu in Anyang. The marks on this wooden lacquerware are the oldest surviving lacquer pattern in the world.

During the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, China's lacquer technology became more and more developed, and at that time, there were already five colors of red, yellow, blue, white and black, as well as a variety of compound colors in lacquer painting.

During the Qin and Han Dynasties, lacquer technology entered a new stage of development and was popularized in all regions of the country. In the Records of the Grand Historian, there is a record of the "yin room", a special house dedicated to the manufacture of lacquerware.

Historical records, the Han Dynasty period, China's main production of lacquer ware is the Sichuan Province, Chengdu and Guanghan.

After the Western Jin Dynasty and into the Northern and Southern Dynasties, due to the prevalence of Buddhism, the emergence of large-scale statues of Buddha using ramie technology, this time the lacquer technology is used to serve religious beliefs, ramie tires lacquer ware is also thus developed. Boehmeria nivea was used as a lacquer tire in the form of lacquer hui and burlap, which was lightweight and firm.

During the Tang, Song, Yuan and Ming dynasties, China's lacquer technology progressed. The Qing Dynasty basically inherited the technology of the previous generation, and in the late Qing Dynasty, lacquerware was exported to Europe and the United States and other countries.

The Tang Dynasty was economically developed and culturally prosperous, and various factors made the arts and crafts developed along with it, far more than the previous period in terms of art, technology and production. Tang Dynasty lacquerware brilliant, showing a gorgeous style, lacquerware production technology to the direction of the development of the rich and beautiful, gold and silver flat off, inlays, carved lacquer and other production time-consuming, expensive techniques at that time was extremely prevalent.

The lacquerware production and painting techniques of the Song Dynasty were already very mature, and not only did the official government have a special production organization, but the production of lacquerware by the private sector was also very common. Lacquerware produced by the many styles and good at changing, simple and simple shape, showing the beauty of the proportion of the structure of the object. Lacquerware in the Song Dynasty is often plain and quiet.

Ming Dynasty arts and crafts into a new stage, the official set up factories specializing in various kinds of lacquerware for imperial use, and by the famous lacquer artist management. In addition to the official lacquerware factory, folk lacquerware production also spread throughout the north and south of the river.

The Ming Dynasty saw a great innovation in the lacquering process, combining a variety of traditional techniques, more than two techniques for the combination of different decorations in different replacements, creating a prosperous situation of thousands of Wen Wanhua.

Ming Dynasty Jiangnan lacquer masters, the early Ming Dynasty, Zhang Degang, Bao Liang, the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Fang Xinchuan, the end of the Ming Dynasty, such as Jiang Qianli. Ming Dynasty red picking artist Huang Cheng's "Painting Record" book, is the world's earliest and most complete with a summary of the lacquer monograph.