How much do you know about the folk customs of the Spring Festival in Shanghai?

The Spring Festival has lasted for thousands of years in China, which is a day that people all over the country attach great importance to. For Shanghainese, it is no exception. The Spring Festival usually begins on the first day of the first month, and Shanghai begins to enter the atmosphere of the Spring Festival from the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month. So, how do Shanghainese spend the Spring Festival? What are the special Spring Festival customs in Shanghai? Come and learn about it with Xiaobian.

Since the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month, people who have worked hard for a year have been busy to celebrate the Spring Festival. The day and night of December 13th or 24th of the lunar calendar are collectively called "24 nights".

According to legend, this day is the day when the Kitchen God goes to heaven, and there is a common custom among the people to send the Kitchen God to heaven. On this night, the people used "rolled silver bags" (cooked with green vegetables, arrowheads and tofu, and then wrapped with veneers), "twenty-four sweets" and red bean rice as sacrificial food, lit incense sticks to offer sacrifices to the kitchen king, prepared paper money, tied colorful bridges, kowtowed to worship, then set off firecrackers, and put the kitchen king statue with the front curtain (commonly known as "happy string") This custom has been eliminated now, but the ancient custom of eating red bean rice and rolling silver bags still exists.

After 24 nights, every household is getting busier and busier, cleaning up inside and outside, commonly known as dusting eaves, washing bedding, brewing wine, frying peanuts and broad beans, and shopping for food. People in urban and rural areas of the island generally have to mill steamed cakes, and this custom has continued to this day. Because "cake" and "high" are homophonic, people are looking for a good oral color that is high every year. The methods of making cakes vary from place to place in this county. The upper sand is mainly steamed sponge cakes, the middle area is steamed sticky cakes, and the lower sand is mainly steamed pu sole cakes. Poor families use sorghum flour and white corn as the main raw materials for steamed cakes.

In addition, people should prepare some things like tin foil, paper money, incense sticks, gold ingots, tea and fruits as sacrifices to worship God. A few days before New Year's Eve, people will also put up new Spring Festival couplets, hang their ancestors, hang the portraits of their ancestors on the main wall of nave, arrange sacrifices, and light incense sticks when the New Year's Eve arrives, so that the younger generation can pay their respects. Before New Year's Eve, people also play hoards, that is, put lime in sacks and print it on the ground, hoping for Man Cang in the coming year. These activities are now gone. Some farmers also put the garbage and useless chores and weeds in the city into the outfield and set them on fire, so as to be auspicious and safe in the coming year.

Eat New Year's Eve and celebrate the New Year's Eve on December 3th of the lunar calendar, commonly known as New Year's Eve. On this day, all the furnishings for the New Year are arranged properly, such as writing Spring Festival couplets and sticking to the door. In the evening, the whole family, old and young, gather together for dinner, and the dishes are much richer than usual. The main dish is cooked with Chinese cabbage and tofu and wrapped in venetian blinds, which is called the money-rolling bundle to show that the financial resources will come in the coming year. This night is the happiest day for children, because parents and elders send lucky money. In the old society, it was hard for people who had no money on this day. According to the old rules, the debts were paid off in the same year, and the debts could not be collected at the end of the year. They could not be forced to collect debts until the lights went out in early February, so the creditors sent people around to collect debts, and those who could not pay their debts had to hide everywhere, and they could not return home until the first day of the year. Therefore, in the past, there was a saying that "grain farmers are better off in the year, but they are sad when they have no money."

Open the door, set off firecrackers, and begin to celebrate the New Year. The first day of the first lunar month is the Spring Festival, commonly known as the Spring Festival. The first thing every family does in the early morning of 28 is to set off firecrackers, which is called "opening the door cannon". Its original intention is to drive away evil spirits, and later it means to open the door and make a fortune. During the Spring Festival, adults and children put on new clothes and neatly dressed, and the whole family sat around the table. * * * There was a sumptuous breakfast, which was mainly vegetarian, plus glutinous rice balls (rice balls) and sugar rice cakes to show the family reunion, and a bowl of red bean rice from last 24 nights was mixed into the breakfast, commonly known as "old rice", which means a good meal every other year.

after breakfast, the children greet their neighbors, relatives and elders with respect. On the first day of the first month, there are many taboos. You can't move knives, splash water, go to the water bridge to wash rice, sweep the floor, open the back door, move firewood, swear words, hit people, sleep too late and so on. Even the firewood for cooking and cooking should be put in the furnace hall with sesame stalks and soybean stalks to make a crackling sound. The brighter the fire, the more auspicious it is, and it is predicted that everything will be prosperous and high this year. In addition, every family should cook breakfast on the morning of the third and fifth day of the year, and light incense before meals, hoping that the whole family will be prosperous and safe.

In the old days, there were more beggars at the Spring Festival. There is a kind of beggars who beg not because their families are poor, but because they are filial. It is said that there is a gate of hell for the elderly to live to the age of 9981, and only by eating "a hundred meals" can they get through it safely. So the filial sons and daughters with old people go out to beg for food for their parents on the first day of the New Year. There is also a beggar, commonly known as a beggar. The way they beg is funny. Some beggars wrap the vegetable heads in red paper and hang them on bamboo poles. Every time they come to a house, they say that the vegetable heads have arrived, and their business is good, and they beg for alms. This is called "sending the vegetable heads".

Some people make cows out of paper and bamboo silk, and go to every door to say good things and auspicious words in order to give alms. This is called "sending spring cows"; Some people hold a branch of holly or cypress and hang some small bells on the branch to show that their families will be like cash cows in the new year. This is called a "cash cow"; Some corporate beggars dressed in Buddhist shirts and statues masks, disguised as the Buddha of Wealth, rushed to the houses of various houses to show that the Buddha of Wealth was coming. This is called "jumping the God of Wealth". Chongming people lived in poverty in the old society, but when they met these beggars, they were still charitable and gave them some dry food and other food. After liberation, these ways of doing business have long since disappeared.

In the early morning of the second day of the lunar new year, all the shops and craftsmen burn incense to worship the gods, which is called "Burning Profit Festival". At 1: noon, the shopkeeper also holds a wine for the clerk to pray for a prosperous business in the New Year. On the fifth day of the new year, according to legend, it is the birthday of the God of Wealth. Shops in the streets and alleys are open for business. On this day, every family eats wonton at noon to show their wealth. In addition, there is a wooden head play (now known as puppet show) in the country. From the first day to the fifth day, families visit relatives and friends, wish each other a happy New Year and give each other gifts. During the period, the incense in the temples was far more vigorous than usual. Especially on the morning of the first day of the lunar new year, there were many people who went to the temples to burn incense and worship Buddha, and it was very early. To catch the first incense, Shouan Temple outside the city and Guangfu Temple in Zhongxing Town were the most lively places.

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