There were five business gangs in Ming and Qing Dynasties. Besides Shanxi merchants, what other four are there?

In addition to Shanxi merchants, there are Huizhou merchants, Fujian merchants, Suzhou merchants, Suzhou Dongting merchants, Qin merchants and Shaanxi merchants, among which Huizhou merchants and Shanxi merchants are the most famous.

1, Huizhou merchants

As the name implies, most Huizhou merchants come from Huizhou, including Shexian, Qimen and Wuyuan in southern Anhui. These Huizhou merchants usually deal in commodities such as salt, pawn, tea and wood. Coupled with the relatively developed culture in southern Anhui at that time, many officials came from there, and officials and businessmen developed together.

It is not that there must be collusion between officials and businessmen, but that both sides have taken advantage of each other's advantages. The more developed the economy is, the more attention is paid to education, the more people are given by the imperial examination, and the more developed the culture is. Developed culture will promote many business activities, with more and more people, more and more developed economy and trade, and the advantages will be repeated.

2. Fujian businessmen

The most important contribution of Fujian businessmen is that many of them are multinational enterprises, which have their footprints in Southeast Asia and even beyond, and really go out. And it is the only one of the three traditional business groups in China that continues to this day.

Today, Fujian businessmen have developed foreign trade. Many foreigners, most of whom are from Fujian, have greatly developed their foreign trade.

3. Su Shang

Mainly refers to the Dongting businessmen in Suzhou, where modern industrial development is very successful and corporate culture is very good. Think about the source when you get rich, and think about progress when you get rich. Is their slogan. Many businessmen in Suzhou are open, tolerant, patriotic, honest and friendly.

4. Qin Shang

That is, Shaanxi businessmen. In ancient times, it was the political and cultural center of China, with Chang 'an as the center, and Qin merchants were very developed. Until the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the ancient tea-horse road and the Silk Road of Shaanxi merchants were also in operation and were very successful.