A complete supply chain

1, coordination, integration

Coordination and integration should be said to be one of the characteristics of the supply chain. The supply chain itself is a whole cooperation, coordinated system, it has multiple partners, like a chain like ring connected together, everyone for a **** the same purpose or goal, coordinated action, close cooperation.

Each member of the supply chain is a link in the "chain", with the entire chain of action, absolutely subordinate to the overall situation, to achieve the same direction, the same action.

2. Selectivity and dynamics

The enterprises in the supply chain are all the partners selected from a large number of enterprises, and the cooperative relationship is non-fixed, but also adjusted in the dynamic. Because the supply chain needs to be transformed with the shift in goals and changes in service delivery, it is always in a dynamic adjustment process.

3. Complexity and virtualization

Quite a lot of supply chains are cross-country, cross-regional and cross-industry combinations. There are great differences between countries in terms of their national conditions, political systems, laws, humanities, geography, habits and customs, and the degree of economic development, logistics infrastructure, logistics management level and technical capabilities, etc.

And supply chain operations must ensure the accuracy of its purpose, rapid response to action and high-quality services, which makes it easy to see the characteristics of the complexity of the supply chain. In terms of the virtual nature of the supply chain, it is mainly manifested in the fact that it is a collaborative organization, and not necessarily a conglomerate or a trust enterprise.

This collaborative organization to collaborate in a way to combine together, relying on the support of the information network and mutual trust relationship, in order to *** with the interests of the strong combination of complementary advantages, coordinated operation.

As the supply chain needs to always maintain a high degree of competitiveness, it must be the connection between the advantageous enterprises, so the organization of spitting out the old, the winners and losers is natural. The supply chain is like a virtual group of strong companies that are constantly optimizing their combinations.

In addition, the existence and competitiveness of the supply chain lies in high-quality management. The important means of supply chain management is information network and information resource allocation. The supply chain is a one-way, unimpeded, seamless connection without organizational and information barriers. Supply chain management is quite prevalent in Europe, and third-party logistics and fourth-party logistics may be in a position to become major supply chain constructors in the future.

A complete supply chain planning system should have three levels, from top to bottom are "strategic planning layer", "production and marketing coordination layer" and "operational control layer". "The three levels correspond to the long, medium and long term respectively. The three levels correspond to the long, medium and short planning cycles.

The strategic plan, which is annualized and usually covers the next three to five years, is designed to plan the company's supply chain inputs and outputs for the next few years.

The contents of the strategic plan mainly include: expansion or contraction of production, mergers and acquisitions or sale and transfer, introduction of new product lines or withdrawal of old product lines. The core of the strategic plan is to "clarify the direction", to clarify the main direction of the company's future supply chain development.

Production and sales coordination plan in quarterly or monthly units, usually covering the next twelve months, mainly to balance production and sales, synergistic supply and demand for the purpose. The content mainly includes: sales plan, capacity plan, logistics plan, procurement plan, outsourcing plan, labor plan, capital plan and so on.

The core of the production and marketing synergy plan is to "reach a consensus", all the relevant departments to form a single set of plan data that can be implemented, adjusted according to the cycle.

Operations control plan to weekly or daily units, usually covering the next few weeks (depending on the characteristics of the product demand, some products may even use the hour, minute and other smaller time management units), mainly to meet the actual customer orders, and control the operation process as the goal.

Content includes: order fulfillment, production control, inventory control, efficiency control, quality control, etc.. The core of the operation control program is "execution", through the actual operation control to meet the actual needs of customers, and at the same time to achieve the production and marketing plan objectives.

We know that supply chain management is the first prediction, and then plan. Forecasting is the premise of planning, planning is the embodiment of forecasting; forecasting provides assumptions and judgments about market demand, and planning is based on the predicted executable goals.

Therefore, corresponding to the three levels of planning, we must build with the matching three levels of forecasting system, each level has its own different role and purpose, the need to use different tools and methods, but also involves different personnel and functions. We call it the "pyramid" structure of forecasting.