What is a rap-based song and dance performance

This phenomenon of "less Han Chinese attire" is a manifestation of the localization process of Yangge in the Northeast. Liubian Jilu" volume 4 records: "on the night of the New Year's Eve, good people always dress up rice-planting songs. The rice-planting songs, children dressed as three or four women, and three or four people dressed as a military officer, each holding as much as two logs, Jar hit the relative dance, while playing an umbrella lamp selling ointment as a guide, alongside the gongs and drums, dance after the song, song after the dance, up to the day is already." "Children dressed up as women" means that men are dressed up as "top dressers", also known as "headbangers", and "three or four people dressed up as senators" means that men are dressed up as "soldiers", which means that men are dressed up as "soldiers". The "three or four men pretending to be senators" are men dressed as "clowns". The "log" is about a whip or something like that. From the point of view of "pretending to be an umbrella lamp seller as a guide", it should be a category of "Umbrella Lantern Yangge". Umbrella light rice-planting song" is to hold an umbrella-shaped colorful lamp for the guide, night performance for the need for illumination, in the umbrella lamp lit with candles, the performance of the whole rice-planting team with the umbrella lamp holders of the dance changes and changes in formation, it is customary to say that this role for the "head of the umbrella" so that this form of performance is called the "umbrella light rice-planting song".

"Liu border chronicle" also contains Zeng Shou "with the army chronicle" in a paragraph about the rice-planting song: "New Year's Day, the eight banners Zhangjing, soldiers are eating and drinking, the escort armor are placed on, men dressed in women's clothes, singing 'Prayer section' theater music," "Prayer section" is a very important part of the performance of the "umbrella lamp". "Prayer section" is "big rice-planting song" of the Manchu translation. This kind of rice-planting song played by Manchus is commonly known as "Eight Banners Rice-planting Song" or "Tartar Rice-planting Song". It is popular in the Manchu-inhabited areas of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces. Whether from the clothing, costumes and performances of the rich ethnic characteristics,

Or from the rice-planting song embodied in the national psychology, aesthetic interests and customs, "Tartar rice-planting song" has formed its own national characteristics. For example, the Manchu people attach great importance to etiquette, so "when the two teams of rice-planting songs meet, the two sides of the players stand on both sides, the two sides of the head of the club (the leader) dressed as Manchu officials, 'the Grand Master' to exchange greetings, and then the teams of the 'two Grand Masters' (also known as 'monk spit'), and the two Grand Masters' (also known as 'monk spit'). After that, the 'second master' of each team (also known as 'monk spit', which is actually a resonance of 'keli spit'), respectively, received the horse whip from the hands of the team's 'great master', and walked with broken steps to the front of the other side to touch each other's shoulders. The word to each other in front of the mutual shoulder salute, and then return to the team, the whip will be handed over to the 'Grand Master', such as three times, the main team to wait for the guest team into the village before entering the village, such customs in the Han Chinese Yangge team is not there". However, "Tartar Rice-planting Song" has some differences depending on the region. Jiang Jianping, Lv Tencai and Chen Yinyin wrote in their article "Jilin Area Rice-planting Songs and Manchu Customs", "There are three important characters in Jilin Area Rice-planting Songs, namely, 'Old Tartar', 'Old Sitting Woman' and 'Fool'. 'Fool'. The 'old Tartar' is quite typical of the Qing Dynasty, he is the head of the barge team, not only can sing and dance well, but also has a strategy, is the general director of the rice-planting song performance, the intention of the horse whip (long two end of the more than the top of the silk flowers inserted into the whip) that the horse whip swinging back and forth to indicate that the rhythm of the pace of the slow or fast, the horse whip circle is to change the rice-planting song field, the 'old sitting woman', 'the old sitting woman' and 'the fool'. The 'old sitting mother-in-law' head plate pimples buns, robes covered with large shoulders, holding what is commonly known as one of the three major monsters in the Northeast, the big tobacco bag, its headdress, clothing, props have obvious Manchu characteristics, 'the old sitting mother-in-law' is listed at the end of the rice-planting team, the role of the lineup, 'she' with the three major monsters of the Northeast, the big tobacco bag. 'She' echoes with the old Tartar head and tail." The article also writes about the meeting etiquette of the Manchu: "The meeting of the rice-planting teams in the Jilin area is called 'meeting the rice-planting songs'. When the two teams meet, the old Tartar at the head of the team puts his whip across, the actors line up in two columns (Lahua stands on the left, Chou stands on the right), and the orchestra stops playing. Two old Tartars face to face, first pull down the horseshoe sleeve forward step, then the left hand holding the waist knife, bend the right knee, mutual resistance to the right shoulder, and then resistance to the left shoulder (i.e., anti-shoulder salute, Manchu people of the same generation between the warmth of the etiquette). After the salute, the two greeted each other in Manchu. Finally, each of the hands of the horsewhip, drums and music, the two rice-planting team through and through, through both actors only allowed to twist not to tease." These descriptions allow us to see the northeast region once had such a rice-planting song, but also allows us to see a nation's way of thinking, expression and acceptance of a certain form of art constraints and influences, the art created by this nation is so, absorbing the art of other peoples, but also inevitably more or less according to the aesthetic needs of the people of this nation in the continuous melting it, transform it, for the use of this nation.

The rice-planting songs of the Han Chinese inhabited areas in the Northeast have formed their own distinctive features due to the influence of the local conditions in the Northeast as well as the art of other ethnic groups, and because of the extensive Han Chinese population, these Han Chinese rice-planting songs are collectively called Northeast Rice-planting Songs, which are divided into ground rice-planting songs and rice-planting songs on stilts.

The Northeast Rice-planting Song is the most widespread in Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang Provinces. Because of the different regions, there are differences in the same.

Jilin area of rice-planting songs, there are government-run, that is, there is the financial power of the merchants, etc., every year, the rice-planting songs will be held to strengthen the momentum, the performance of the nature of the competition, most of the people by the rice-planting song artist organization initiated with the purpose of making a profit, and the reward money we share. Rice-planting team by the army in front of the "New Year's Day" and "New Year's Day" in two large flags and two large gongs to open the way, drums, cymbals and oboe behind. Behind the gongs and drums is the "Sha Gongzi" (also known as the "Shirt Puller"), who guides the action of a group, holding a fan in his hand, wearing a cloak and a scarf, and leading the "Upper Costume" Lahua and the "Lower Costume" Lahua. The "bottom-loaded" clowns formed a number of sub-frames, the number of frames depending on the size of the rice-planting team, and the "top-loaded" ones were also called "head-wrappers", who wrapped their hair in a bun with a green cloth, wore a flowery cloth or towel, and wore a silk or satin cloth or a towel. Wrapped in a bun of green cloth, wearing a flowery cloth or towel made of flowers, wearing satin or flowery cloth made of colorful clothes and colorful skirts, holding a fan in one hand and a handkerchief in the other. The "underwear" wear ugly hats, ugly coats, colorful pants, and waistbands or ribbons, and the "top" and "bottom" are the basic members of the rice-planting team. The "Sha Gongzi" uses a fan to direct the change of formation, and walks in some formations such as "Double Flower Arrangement", "Rolling Cabbage Flower" and "Dragon Swinging Tail". "The dragon swings its tail" and so on. In some places, there is also an "old Tartar" in the rice-planting team who wears a leather jacket and holds a "big bull hammer" in his hand, and can walk in the team at will and chase after any one of the head-bunners, the finale of the rice-planting team, and there are places where they pretend to be an old man of Luoban and a wife with a red chili pepper in her ear as an earring, and they tease and tease each other. Wife, the two of them laughing and teasing each other. Some of the Yangge teams also play some small theater characters, such as the "Sanniang Zao", Sanniang dressed up as a shrew-like, slanted eyebrows, red face, holding a big tobacco bag, Zaowang wearing a black robe, handsome face black beard. Another example is The Legend of the White Snake, in which the white snake wears a white dress, the green snake wears a green dress, and Xu Xian wears a small scarf, a long shirt, and an umbrella in his hand. Another example is "Journey to the West", in which the Tang Monk, the Monkey King, the Pig, the Sand Monk, and the four masters and disciples are dressed as the Tang Monk, the Monkey King, the Pig, and the Sand Monk. There are also characters dressed as the old man and the young wife of the "old man back young wife". These characters are just doing the twisting and dancing movements related to their respective characters in the rice-planting team, and do not really enter into the plot of something.

The team enters the village to pay homage to the land temple at the head of the village. Into the village to pay homage to the New Year, one way is to play in the village head to the village to pay homage to the New Year, another way is to pay homage to the New Year door to door. Into the gate first gas rice-antique change to change formation, sing the New Year's greeting song, homeowners such as point sing will sing, such as not point sing by the "sand Gongzi" named to let the head of the bag and sing ugly sing some small songs and ditties.

Liaoning rice-planting song Liaonan more, and Liaonan rice-planting song and Liaoyang is famous Ren Guangwei "Liaoyang rice-planting song examination source": "Liaoyang rice-planting song, generally by thirty-four to sixteen people ...... But, no matter how many people in the rice-planting team, in the whole team, there are only one or two whip carriers (also known as playing the field). （The two whip-carriers each have a name, one is called the Outer Tartar and the other is called the Inner Tartar. Outer Tartar usually dress is wearing a felt hat, wearing a fur coat, wearing red colored pants, the waist tied white belt bag, feet short soft boots, hands with a whip-like called 'old bull hammer'. His name is 'Keli Tartar' in the Tartar into the rice-planting team of the age of the Tartar later than outside the Tartar, about the end of the Qing Dynasty, in the Tartar head wearing a red top hat, wearing a brown official cloak of the Qing Dynasty, underneath the pants, stirrups thin-soled boots, the hands are also lifting an 'old bull hammer' is short to five to long to more than ten feet. In his hands, he also carried an 'old bull hammer', which was a short whip with a length of more than ten feet, with a thick tip and a thin tip, which commanded the whole team of rice-planting singers with its sound, and led the dance of the Sha gongzi and the gongs and drums to listen to his commands. Whip a fling, the rice-planting team began to change the "flower field", outside the Tartar this so-called "Keli spit", according to legend, the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty will be the people of other nationalities, every fifty households into a team, the Mongols under the jurisdiction of each team called "Keli spit". ", only from the "Keli spit" statement and the Tartars in the Qing official costume, can also be seen in the rice-planting song by the Northeast regional characteristics and the influence of the national decline and humiliation and the changes that have occurred.

Liaoyang's rice-planting songs are mainly group dances, and the highlight lies in the variations in the formations, which are called "huayanzi" by the artists. The "flower field" consists of many "flower children". The "huazi" is also called "formation" such as "huahua formation" and "coiled intestine formation", "long snake array", "fish and dragon array", "gossip array", "gourd set of intestines array", "Bagua pocket bottom formation" and so on, "on the dress" and "under the dress" costume, with pink, white, black color hook face, and there are different face patterns for men and women, rice-planting team also dressed as the white snake, The team also plays the roles of white snake, green snake, fisherman, and the old sitter.

Liaonan Yangge is characterized by the stilt Yangge, and the Dengta stilt Yangge and the Haicheng stilt Yangge in Liaonan are both very famous.

The first name of the stilt rice-planting song is "head stilt". Head wearing a brown hat, wearing black tight pants, painted with a scorpion or butterfly-shaped white nose, upwardly curved eight whiskers, holding a whip, commanding the walk, is a handsome and playful image of martial arts clowns, the second is "two stilts," the head of the Rong ball, forehead coated with red dots, also tight pants, similar to the appearance of the Wudan, but also holding a whip to assist the head stilts to play the field. There is also the old fisherman, rolled cap roll, slanting yellow robe, white beard, fluttering around, the Department of "fishing and killing family" in the image of the old hero Xiao En, there are white snakes, green snakes, and colorful granny, the ugly male, stupid columns and other characters.

The most joyful song and dance in the stilt rice-planting team is to wear flowers on the head, wearing a female jacket and skirt "on the dress" and clowns dressed as "underwear" this "on" a "down" called "on" a "down" called "on" a "down" called "on" a "down" called "on" a "down" called "down" a "down" called "down" a "down". The "lower" is called a frame, a team of stilts and rice-planting songs should have four, six or more frames, and the last frame is called "pressure drums", which needs to have amazing skills and represents the performance level of a stilts and rice-planting songs team, and the audience stares at the "pressure drums". The audience stares at the "drum presser", therefore, the "drum presser" needs to be a famous artist to press it.

The stilt-ryangutan team performs in the street called "street trip". Blowing "sentence double", "five horses" and other songs, while walking, twisting, turning, wrapping the head, while dancing house handkerchiefs, nowadays, big families, to perform "riding elephants" -- "head stilts", "the head stilts", "the head stilts", "the head stilts", "the head stilts", "the head stilts". --Nowadays, in big families, they have to perform "riding an elephant" - "head stilts" and so on, four people set up the old fisherman, and then ride on a "riding elephant" child, singing the joyful song of the renewal of all the elephants. Singing words according to different situations, random should be on, after singing the happy song, drums runners, head stilts, two stilts waving a whip to lead the team command, run round, change the formation, there is a "four-side bucket", "cross plums", "double sun-ear", "double sun-ear", "treasure" and "double sun-ear". ", "treasure box cover" "string buckwheat", "dragon swinging tail" and so on, all with stilt players to form a variety of patterns, so that the audience is dazzled.

Annual festivals or temple fairs, several groups of stilt rice-planting to meet, but also to "play against" each of their own specialties to attract the audience, such as this group of well-known rice-planting players "on the field of clearing" by the performance of men and women in love with the emotions and delicate dance movements to win people, and another group of "under the next". Another group relies on the "lower martial arts field" to win, playing flying feet, still spinning, forward and backward rolls, gripping flowers, under the fork and other martial arts amazing, and a group of handful of ladders, performing "scorpion upside down climbing city" tied stilts of the clowns upside down, hands alternately to the ladder to climb, climb to the top of the ladder and then a step-ledge a磴 The performance will also attract some curious spectators.

Liaonan stilt rice-planting song has a great influence on the art of Liaoning Renju. Commonly known as the "South Wave North Singing" South refers to Liaoning, the wave refers to the dance, that is to say, Liaoning duo to dance to excel in the north of Jilin, Heilongjiang duo to sing to excel in the north. Although it can not be generalized, there is no shortage of singing and dancing artists, but from a general point of view, this Ning Ning Renjuan dance does have a good point.

The following talk about the rice-planting related to some folk performing arts forms.

"Haicheng County Records": "April 18 for the Yaozhou Temple Fair, 28 for the Tiger Village race, is the day the parties involved in the rituals and xiaojiao drums to welcome the gods and lions, dry boats, stilts, lifting the cabinet and other kinds of miscellaneous plays, people are all scrambling to see, there are hundreds of miles away from ...... the city and nearby counties, camping, Gai Ping and other places such as restaurants and small businesses, are leased to open a temporary business, counting one-day consumption of more than 10,000 gold, its will be the sheng can be imagined." This kind of race, is the business of selling venues, is also a folk art competition site, stilt rice-planting song is particularly enthusiastic. Along with the rice-planting team with the performance of the "Lion Dance", "Dragon Dance", "running bamboo horse" "running donkey" and pretend to be fish, The "Lion Dance", "Dragon Dance", "Running Bamboo Horse", "Running Donkey", and the Dance of Fish, Shrimp, Crab and other aquatic images are all dances related to the beasts; there are dances such as "Running Dry Boat", "Dragon and Phoenix Boat", and "Peaceful Vehicle", etc., which are performed with large props such as a man carrying a car and a boat to simulate the movements of rowing a boat and pushing a cart. They use large props such as carts and boats to simulate the movements of rowing boats and carts, and they hold "king whip", "big board", "jade board", "flower cymbal" and other rhythmic props. There are also dances that involve beating and dancing while holding props, such as the "waist drum", "satchel drum", "flower drum", "rattle drum", and other sidewalk dances. Rattle Drums" and other forms of dance while beating drums, "Lifting the Pavilion", "Back Song" and other forms of performance that play the role of opera characters or legendary characters, pretending not to dance but to modeling, and "Big Head Monk Teasing Liu Cui" and other forms of performance. There are dances with simple storylines such as "The Monk Teasing Liu Cui", as well as songs and dances in ditties such as "Flying a Kite", "Picking Cotton", and "The Crescent Moon and the Five Nights". There are also from the development of the minor operas, such as "Cishan", "Blind Man Watching Lantern", "Wang Po scolded the chicken", etc., the people of the closest relationship between the two, the above forms, often with rice-planting, stilt walkers in the large-scale race at the same time, of course, not every kind of performance, to pieces of different sizes, the performance of several of them or dozens of them, often small and lightweight mostly, and the "lifting the pavilion ", "Lion Dance" and other participants need more than one person, more in the designated occasions to perform.

The northeast rice-planting song is the source of the art of two people, from the northeast rice-planting song series of performance forms of the narrative, can be seen in the two people from the style of the influence as well as absorbed costume, dance, ditty, and other artistic components.

Second, the fascinating art of rap

People of all ethnic groups living in the White Mountains and Black Waters of the East not only sing and dance, creating colorful folk songs and dances, but also the art of rap is very well developed, y showing their thoughts and feelings and aspirations, as well as hard-working, brave, simple and simple, funny and humorous character traits.

Approximately generated in the Jin Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty Dao Wa La, which is a singing and dancing rap art, usually performed by two actors in pairs, men acting as a "wu jiao", women acting as "dan jiao, or simulation of the relevant characters, *** with the singing of a complete story, and sometimes by one person, singing, actors in disguise or not. Sometimes it can be sung by one person, and the actors can be in costume or not. Performances for holding fishbone board, scapula board, while singing, while talking, while dancing, singing and speaking in Manchu, allowing improvisation, accompanied by musical instruments are mainly three strings and lagu flute, singing, most of the audience accompanied by the singing and clapping, on and off the stage mood, folk and self-indulgence in which the fusion. In the middle of the Qing Dynasty, it developed to its heyday, forming many branches with different styles. Jilin region, Yongji County, the popularity of the Road Wala, then known as the Ula Hai branch.

Zhu Chih-Wen, also known as Zhu Chun or Wu Chun, is a sister art similar to Wala. Its meaning in Manchu is singing and dancing or "play", but not complete the equivalent of the drama "play", which contains the meaning of the game, generally two people or three or five people on the same stage, with the color of the rows of students, dan, jing, chou, but also to see a person performing, containing Songs and dances, martial arts and acrobatics and other components, focusing on storytelling, the band is mostly four people, one person only lah and the ancient flute, one person to play the three strings, one person to play the pipe, one person to beat the drum. Artistic style is also due to the different range of circulation and the formation of many branches. Jilin territory had Yongji around the Fuyu branch and Fuyu around the Fuyu branch, the popular repertoire are mainly "Ol Hou Dara" (Manchu, meaning singing ginseng king), "Strainer Girl", "Three Aggies from the army", "row Zhang Lang" dozens of out of the Qing Dynasty, Qianlong years, the Ula branch went to the Chengde Summer Resort to participate in the "Festival of longevity" celebrations performances, and thus on the hall of elegance. Thus, after ascending to the hall of elegance, the lyrics gradually folder some Chinese, resulting in the singing is not smooth enough, known as the "Manchu" plus Chinese, singing not up to scratch "is actually very popular with the local audience favorite of the first scale of opera of the Manchu performing arts.

The children's book circulated in the northeast, north China, is the first by the Manchu children of the original rap art system of the Qing Dynasty during the Qianlong period, the A Gui rate of victory triumph of the eight banners of the soldiers in Beijing, with this folk song with octagonal drums, singing, a moment of sensation in Beijing, known as "eight banners of the children's music". Following the eight banners in the literati drew on the drums singing and classical poetry art skills, with reference to the meter of some of the songs, to the northern folk "thirteen big rut" for the rhyme, with the song, to create the earliest children's book, to the Jiaqing, Daoguang years, the children's book to the development of the heyday of the children's book to pay attention to the rhyming flat and narrow, the Taoist white to seven or ten words mostly, sung in seven or ten words, and the children's book is the most important of all. or ten words mostly, singing can be added at any time to the liner notes, due to the Zidishu more for the Manchu aristocrats children after dinner pastime, and therefore pay close attention to the words and phrases of the deliberation, the language is elegant and beautiful, staccato, elegant, and at the same time, each paragraph has a complete story, the plot is vivid and touching, and focus on the characters of the psychological depiction and characterization, has a high literary value.

Originally sung in Beijing's east city, the son soon spread to the west city, absorbing some of the characteristics of kunqu in its tunes, and forming two genres, the East City Tune and the West City Tune. The Xicheng tune, also known as Xitong or Xiyun, mostly sings love stories with a low and mournful tone; the Dongcheng tune, also known as Dongtong or Dongyun, mostly sings stories about the bravery of heroes and heroines, with a fiery and passionate tone and a high and passionate voice. Writers writing ZiDiShu writer, most of the lower class Manchu intellectuals, achievements are relatively large Crane couple and "three windows" (Han XiaoWenGuan, LuoSongWenGuan, YunWenGuan). Zi cited many works, in 1954 Mr. Fu Shihua compiled the "Zidi book catalog", *** included four hundred and forty-six kinds, more than a thousand. Its content is mostly taken from the Ming and Qing dynasty novels, operas and social life at that time, many works of thought content sharp and profound, very popular with the masses, but unfortunately as a form of music and art Zidishu, the end of the song is high and low, has ceased to exist, but two hundred years, it is still in the flow of rhyme, its influence is still quite far-reaching. In the case of the Northeast drums and the Northeast duet, there are a number of passages that come from the Zidishu.

The octagonal drum is a prevalent in the Qing Dynasty Manchu rap art, to singers with the beat instrument octagonal drum and named, octagonal drum was originally Manchu in the Guanwai pastoral folk art, Manchu people often in the line of the roundup of the leisure of the shooting and hunting, the octagonal drums to sing for their own amusement. Eight drums with eight hardwood inlaid with silver, python skin masked drums, octagonal symbol of the eight banners of the Manchu people, the seven sides of the seven plum blossom holes, each hole has a copper column wearing three small cymbals, seven holes *** twenty-one small cymbals on behalf of the twenty flags and a Han Banner flag, which coincides with the eight banners of the military organization, drums below a purple tasseled spikes, symbolizing the "Purple East" and "Great Great Banner", "Purple East", "Purple East" and "Great Banner".

The drum has a purple tassel on the bottom, symbolizing the "purple energy coming from the east" and the "unification of the Qing Dynasty".

Han rap art, such as Lotus Flower Drops, Shibuyao, commentary, drums, etc., most of the Han Chinese exiles from Guanchi brought to the Northeast, in the Northeast region of the culture of the culture, due to the continuous injection of Guandong charm and localization.

Northeastern Daxi is a widely circulated in Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang Province, the main form of rap art. As once prevalent in Shenyang, Shenyang in the Qing Dynasty was set up in Fengtianfu, so there is a large drum, Fengpai drums, Fengtiao drums, later also known as the Liaoning drums.

According to legend, in the forty-eighth year of the Qing dynasty Qianlong (1783), the children of the artist Huang Puchen came to the Northeast from Beijing, the children of the book singing into Shenyang, and later combined with the Northeast folk songs, ditties and the gradual formation of Fengtian drum. At that time, most of the singing was Zidishu paragraph, and therefore also known as the singing class for the "Qingyin Zidishu class". The original form of singing of the Northeast Drums was that the singers played and sang the small three-stringed instrument and tied the "section boards" on their legs to beat the rhythm, also called "string book". In the late Qing Dynasty and early Republic of China, there were female performers who played drums and accompanied by string masters. Drum, is a diameter of feet, about one inch high about the leather drum, drums for the wooden gang, masked with leather drums, by the three pillars of the drums supported by the frame, the board, also known as the "section of the board" to master the beat, there are wood, copper, iron and other kinds of. When singing, the actor's right hand hit the drum, the left hand hit the board.

The Northeast drums are performed in the countryside, accompanied only by a three-stringed instrument. After entering the city, in the tea house, theater performances, there are also equipped with four hu, pipa to four hu, pipa and other instruments, whether a few pieces of musical instruments accompaniment, we must do the strings with the singing away, to the cavity to protect the tone, to achieve the purpose of the harmony of the five tones.