When did abacus and abacus appear?

The abacus was invented by China people around14th century on the basis of long-term calculation. Since then, the abacus has replaced calculation and spread widely. It has been one of the most common calculation tools in China. The method of abacus calculation is called abacus calculation.

In addition to China, abacus has appeared in some areas, but it has not been handed down. When the ancient Egyptians traded, they would spread a layer of sand on the ground, draw some ditches in the sand with their hands, and then put pebbles in the ditches. Addition and subtraction are to increase or decrease pebbles in ditches. This is the most primitive abacus. Later, European businessmen replaced sand with calculation boards engraved with grooves and stones with special calculation beads. After many improvements, this calculation board is similar to the abacus used by China. However, because European computing boards are made of steel, heavy and expensive, and westerners have no arithmetic formula, it is inconvenient to use, so they are gradually eliminated. In other areas, the abacus is composed of ten wooden beads on each piece of wood, but because people regard each bead as 1, unlike China's abacus, the calculation speed is greatly limited and it has not been widely used.

China's abacus has a long history, simple production, low price and convenient operation, and the abacus formula is easy to learn and remember. /kloc-In the middle of the 5th century, Luban Mu Jing gave a detailed introduction to the making of abacus. As for abacus calculation, Jason Wu's Nine Chapters Arithmetic Analogy was the earliest recorded in Ming Dynasty. 1573, Xu Xinlu of China wrote the first book that systematically introduced the abacus calculation algorithm. 1592, Cheng Dawei wrote "Guiding the Unified School of Arithmetic", which accelerated the popularization of abacus calculation and spread to many countries. There are many speed races in the world. In the competition with hand-cranked computers and electronic computers, the speed champion of addition and subtraction is an abacus every time. Therefore, with the advent of electronic computers, people still widely use abacus. For example, enterprises that use abacus in Japan still account for a considerable proportion, and industrial countries such as Britain, the United States and France still incorporate abacus into the primary school curriculum. The use of abacus and abacus not only has its calculation function, but also has the function of exercising thinking ability.

1980, China introduced a novel electronic abacus, which combined the advantages of ordinary abacus and electronic calculator, and rejuvenated the ancient abacus.