It's a long way. What do you mean by Xiu Yuan Xi?

"This is a long road, but this is Xiu Yuan" means that the road ahead is very long.

-From where?

Qu Yuan's Lisao in Pre-Qin Period

-Excerpts from the original text-

The dynasty began in Cangwu Xi and ended in Huxian Garden in the evening.

If you want to stay less energetic, it will be dusk.

I told xi that he should be cautious and look forward to it, but don't push it.

There is a long way to go in Xiu Yuan, and I will go up and down. (long work: manman)

After drinking too much, the horses in the salty pond always rest on hibiscus flowers.

When the wood breaks, blow the sun and chat with the sheep.

-Vernacular translation.

Depart from Cangwu in the south in the morning and arrive at Kunlun Mountain in the evening.

I wanted to stay in Lingsuo for a while, and the sunset was dusk.

I ordered him to stop whipping and go slow, lest the sun get close to that mountain.

The road ahead is long, and I will pursue my ideal wholeheartedly.

Let my horse drink in the salty pool and tie the reins to the hibiscus tree.

If I break a branch to block the sun, I can wander leisurely for a while.

-Creative background.

Qu Yuan is rich in knowledge and has lofty ideals. He advocated amending the law internally and employing people externally. The die-hards in the aristocratic group of Chu constantly attacked and excluded Qu Yuan, making it impossible to realize his political ideal of fighting for it all his life. He used poetry to pour out his sad thoughts and lingering emotions.

As for the creation background of Li Sao, one of the focuses of debate is whether Li Sao was written when Qu Yuan was alienated by Chu Huaiwang or when Qu Yuan was exiled. According to Records of Historical Records and Biographies of Qu Yuan, the young and promising Qu Yuan was slandered by his colleague Shangguan Doctor and was alienated by Chu Huaiwang. He wrote Li Sao with sadness and meditation. The preface to Historical Records Taishi Gong said: "Qu Yuan was demoted and wrote Li Sao." It is also said in Baoren An Shu: "Qu Yuan was exiled, but he was endowed with Li Sao." Sima Qian's account of the same incident is obviously contradictory.

Due to the lack of reliable historical materials, finding evidence from Lisao itself is a good way to solve this problem. There is such a line in the poem: "If we are different, I will die far away." Self-neglect refers to a positive attitude, not being released. Others suspect that it was written after Qu Yuan was exiled, because there is a sentence in the poem "Qu Yuan and Zheng Xi in southern Hunan", but this is not credible. Because the second half of Lisao is full of the poet's imaginary travels, "Jiyuan's expedition to the south of Hunan" is not true.

In a word, The Biography of Qu Yuan in Historical Records is credible, that is, Li Sao was written by Qu Yuan when he was alienated by Chu Huaiwang, and it was a political lyric poem written by Qu Yuan according to the political reality of Chu State and his own grievances. However, The Preface of Historical Records Taishi Gong and To Ren An Shu are lyrical words, or they may be disloyal to historical facts when writing.

-Appreciation of works.

?

Song Qi, a famous historian and poet in Song Dynasty, said: "Li Sao was the ancestor of Ci Fu and was written by later generations. If it is perfect, it can't be too strict or too round. " In other words, Li Sao not only opened up a vast literary field, but also was an unattainable model of China's poetry and prose.

Li Sao was written in 245 years in Chu Huaiwang (305 BC and 304 BC), and two or three years after Qu Yuan was released to the Northern Han Dynasty. The land of northern Han is the northern part of a section where the Hanshui River bends eastward and flows eastward. Today's Tianmen, Yingcheng, Jingshan and Yunmeng counties are the Yunmeng in the northern Han Dynasty. For sixteen years, Huai Wangwan drafted a constitutional order and advocated political reform and joint Qin. He was framed by internal and external opposition forces and left the left post. Later, Chu was defeated by Qin in Danyang and Lantian, and Qu Yuan was called back to the court and appointed as the envoy to Qi. In the twenty-fourth year of Chu Huaiwang, Qin Chu got married. In the twenty-fifth year, Qin Chu formed an alliance with Huang Ji, Qin returned to Chu, and Qu Yuan was released to Hanbei.

North and northwest of Han Dynasty, not far from the old capital of Chu (now Yicheng). Li Sao was written by Qu Yuan after visiting the ancestral halls of the first king and ministers. The beginning of the poem can be traced back to the distant ancestor of Chu and the great ancestor of Qu. At the end, it says "a trip to my hometown", and I can't bear to leave. In the middle, I write psychic divination and witchcraft divination, all of which are related to this specific creative environment.

Li Sao is a passionate political lyric poem and an artistic masterpiece combining realism and romanticism. Some fragments in the poem reflect the historical facts at that time (for example, "Beginning and Yucheng each said their own words." Regret running away and having him. ..... it hurts the soul and numerology "refers to Wang Huai's political diplomacy and repeated attitude towards Qu Yuan). However, in the performance, it completely adopts the romantic method: not only the materials of myths and legends are used, but also a large number of figurative methods are used to express feelings with flowers and birds, "taking feelings as the inside, taking things as the table, and being depressed and resentful" (Liu Zawen). The deployment of vehicles in the figurative symbols used by poets is based on the inheritance of traditional culture, which always gives people a feeling of endless meaning.

Because of the poet's incomparable grief and passion, the whole poem is like a river, boundless. But after careful consideration, both the conception of artistic conception and the external structure reflect the poet's extraordinary artistic ingenuity.

Conceptually, this poem describes two worlds: the real world and the surreal world composed of heaven, gods, ancient figures and personified sun, moon, wind, thunder, wind and birds. This surreal fantasy world is a supplement to the real world. There is no king on the ground and no emperor in the sky; On the earth, it is "everyone strives for greed." If you can't find a comrade, you can't achieve anything if you beg for your daughter. This is somewhat similar to Xi Fang Ping's description of the underworld in Strange Tales from a Lonely Studio. Only in "Xi Fang Ping", the hero went to another world by turning people into ghosts, while in "Li Sao", he shuttled freely between heaven and earth. This conception is more suitable for expressing the passion of lyric poetry. The celestial world envisioned by the poet is above the high altitude and the legendary Kunlun Mountain, which is consistent with the universal consciousness and prototype myth formed from the primitive society, so it is very natural, and it is more mythical than the treatment of going to another world through death, dreams and eternal life in later literary works, and has no religious superstition. The background presented by the poet is broad, majestic and magnificent. The beauty, strength and sadness of its artistic conception are unprecedented. In particular, the poet regards the image of dragon and horse as a tool from the world to heaven and from heaven to the world. "Hou Shang Shu" is lost, saying that Emperor Yao succeeded to the throne and that "the dragon and horse were crowned with armor". One of the archetypes of ancient animal dragons in China is the deified steed. Zhou Li said that "a horse over eight feet is a dragon", and Lv Chunqiu said that "the beauty of a horse is a dragon's horse, and it is a legacy". The horse on the earth is a dragon when it is lifted up. Originally, it was only the difference between the ground and the sky, but because of the implication of the changes in Shen Jun, the sky became a paradise. The poet formed the internal structure of this long poem with the help of his own plot changes from earth to heaven and from heaven to earth. The plot of the fragments written in the poem is only used as the carrier of emotion to externalize the ideological struggle and emotional changes. However, these plots effectively avoid the disadvantages that long lyric poems are easy to flow in the air.

From the external structure, the whole poem is divided into three parts and a ceremony.

The first part, from the beginning to "though I haven't changed my mind, I can't be criticized", describes my life, and reviews the poet's mental journey of constantly improving himself and fighting against the environment for the lofty political ideal of reality, as well as the emotional changes after the tragic failure. This is the true expression of his thoughts in the most intense turmoil.

The second part is from "my daughter embarrassed me and I am grateful to her" to "I don't care about you, how can I bear to die here?" Among them, the daughter's accusation shows that even his relatives don't understand him, and his loneliness is unparalleled. This leads to the plot of making a statement to Zhong Hua. This is a transition from the real society to the fantasy world (emphasizing that the ancient sage has been dead for more than 1000 years, so it seems "empty" to call him; But the poet imagined the place where Cangwu buried him, so it was somewhat "real". Then a trip to the sky. If you can't get into the Heavenly Palace, you will ask for women up and down, which shows the tenacious spirit of the poet's political struggle and constant pursuit.

The third part, from "Sommer's banquet is full of joy" to "servant's sorrow is more than Ma Huaixi's, but he can't do it", shows the poet's ideological struggle on the question of whether to stay or not, and shows his deep feelings for the motherland, which makes people sad to read!

The last section is the ceremony. Although there are not many words, it shows that the poet's patriotism is linked to his ideal of American politics. This is the crowning touch after the climax of the whole poem, which is used to wrap the whole poem, deepen the theme of the poem, and show a clearer flow direction, such as the surging emotion of the Yangtze River. The first part of this poem shows the poet's environment and his own course in a way close to realism. The latter two novels bring readers into a fantastic realm with colorful and complicated descriptions. It often shows a vast and magical sight. If there is only the first one, although it is a masterpiece full of blood and tears, it cannot be an immortal work of romanticism; If there are only the latter two parts without the first part, then the political thought of the poem will be thinner and its theme will not be as implicit and clear as it is now; Both hazy and profound.

Li Sao created a tall lyric hero for us. First of all, he has outstanding external image characteristics. "High risk, and Pei Yuan." "It doesn't hurt to be longer." Many portraits of Qu Yuan can be recognized as Qu Yuan at a glance even if the word "Qu Yuan" is not written, because they are all based on this characteristic description in the poem. Secondly, he has a distinct ideological character. First, he is a progressive political reformer, advocating the rule of law ("follow the line without coming"), praising talents and empowering people. Second, he advocates American politics, attaches importance to the interests of the people and the role of the people ("God is selfless, and the people's morality is not wrong"), and opposes the dissolute tyranny of rulers and the pursuit of self-interest by courtiers (a remark can be seen). Third, he pursues the truth and is strong and unyielding ("My heart is also good, although I have no regrets in my death", "Although my body has not changed, I cannot punish my heart"). This image is a concentrated expression of the spirit of the Chinese nation. For more than two thousand years, it has demonstrated the character and behavior of countless people with lofty ideals and given them strength.

The language of Li Sao is quite beautiful.

First, metaphors and symbols are widely used. For example, picking herbs is a metaphor for strengthening self-cultivation, and wearing herbs is a metaphor for keeping clean. But the poet's means of expression is much better than the general metaphor. For example, "lotus thinks clothes, hibiscus thinks clothes." I don't know. It's embarrassing. I feel like I believe it. "The square in the fourth sentence naturally comes from lotus and hibiscus, which takes care of the first two sentences, but it is also used to describe love. Therefore, although the words "such as", "like" and "if" are not used or explained, their metaphors are self-evident. Secondly, many names of fragrant flowers and herbs are used to symbolically express abstract concepts in politics and ideology, which not only makes the works subtle and longer than the charm, but also intuitively increases the color beauty of the works. Since Qu Yuan, "vanilla beauty" has become a symbol of noble personality. (Liu Zongyuan's "Hibiscus Flowers by the Moat River", the wind suddenly blew and the rain whipped the vines. " )

Thirdly, the whole poem is composed of four sentences, each section is composed of two incoherent sentences connected by the word "Xi", and with a fixed rhyme, the whole poem is carried out in a rhythmic circular melody. Finally, use dual figures of speech, such as "the evening is second to the poor stone, and the morning is full of prosperity"; "Su dung is full of sorrow, which means that Shen pepper is not fragrant"; If the word "Xi" is removed, the dual works are no different from the poems of Tang and Song Dynasties.

Li Sao is a chapter written by the author when he encounters injustice. The indignant words in the poem describe the sorrow of people's livelihood and the darkness of society, but they are empty-handed and frustrated on the road of pursuing their ideals. But he still issued a cry of "Although he died nine times, he still has no regrets"! I have no regrets. For my ideals and beliefs, others envy me, hurt me, and can't crush me! Looking back on the banks of the Miluo River thousands of years ago, we can also see the tenacious back of this great poet. The spirit he left behind is engraved on the inscriptions of history and will last forever.