Briefly describe the development process of traditional natural economy in China?

After the Spring and Autumn Period, with the development of productive forces, the original land system was destroyed. After seizing power, the emerging feudal forces successively implemented political reforms, established private ownership of land, and allowed "people to buy and sell land". Since then, private land system has become the main form of land system in China feudal society. On the one hand, private ownership of land exists.

At the same time, it will inevitably lead to the phenomenon of land annexation, and there will be a situation in which "the fields of the rich are connected with buildings and the poor have no place to stand". Formed the form of private ownership of large land. These big landlords were the landlord class in the feudal society of China. Since the Tang Dynasty, they exploited individual farmers who lost their land in the merger in the form of hidden family slavery and tenancy.

Ancient feudal society has always been composed of two kinds of characters: the yeoman who occupies a small amount of land and means of production and the tenant farmer who is attached to the landlord class. The private ownership of land in China feudal society, whether it is small land private ownership or large land private ownership, is not a pure form of private ownership, but a land private ownership dominated by the highest state ownership.

In the feudal society of China, the highest state ownership of land was not only reflected in people's ideas, such as the declaration made by Qin Shihuang on the Langya stone carving: within Liuhe, the land of the son of heaven is everywhere (Historical Records of Qin Shihuang), and the land equalization system implemented in the name of the state since Wei, Jin and Tang Dynasties.

Moreover, it is mainly manifested in the final disposal right of every mu of land in the national cadastre and the direct taxation right of every population in the household registration book owned by the supreme rulers of past dynasties. This small-scale peasant economy, based on the private ownership of land dominated by the highest state ownership, gives individual farmers more freedom, even tenant farmers.

Apart from being exploited by the landlord class, they are not under their personal control; They are subject to state power, which is very different from manor economy and serfdom in feudal society in western Europe. This small-scale peasant economy dominated by the highest state ownership is the fundamental feature of China's feudal social and economic structure.

It is also a deep and solid foundation for the establishment and long-term existence of all feudal political and cultural superstructures. The relatively complete and important feudal land system in ancient China; Ensure the collection of state taxes and corvees; The production and life of farmers in the north are relatively stable, and the number of reclaimed wasteland is increasing, which is conducive to the recovery and development of social economy; Ensure farmers' production time and promote agricultural development.

Extended data:

Historical significance of small-scale peasant economy

The property right of rural cultivated land belongs to collective ownership, and the household contract responsibility system will remain unchanged for a long time. This cultivated land system has avoided the rapid bankruptcy of the small-scale peasant economy in the modernization transformation. Especially in the case that the basic security system of the whole society has not been established and perfected, the small-scale peasant economy not only provides farmers with survival security, but also makes it possible for rural surplus labor to enter cities at low cost.

On this premise, there is a rare "Spring Festival travel rush rush" in China, but there is no slum phenomenon that almost all developing countries cannot avoid. Every year, many farmers quit the labor force for various reasons, and the countryside is their retreat base, providing them with spiritual comfort and material security.