What aspects does the logistics transportation plan include?

As an important basic functional link in logistics system, transportation system occupies a large part of logistics cost. Because the traditional logistics transportation mode has been difficult to meet the requirements of modern logistics development, the optimization of logistics transportation system will bring considerable logistics cost savings. From the perspective of third-party logistics, this paper studies the transportation system in the process of parts logistics of large domestic automobile enterprises.

First, the status quo of auto parts logistics transportation system

Domestic automobile logistics gradually took shape in the 1980s, and there began to be professional warehousing and transportation enterprises, but they were mainly responsible for vehicle logistics, and the vehicle manufacturers themselves or the general dealers were mainly responsible. Because the whole vehicle manufacturer has included the freight, packaging, station equipment and other expenses when checking the price of auto parts, domestic auto parts suppliers are basically responsible for the transportation, storage and packaging of the parts themselves, and the whole vehicle manufacturer or general distributor will generally provide a large parts warehouse as the supplier's purchase or after-sales logistics distribution center. This leads to the following disadvantages:

1, spare parts suppliers have their own independent spare parts logistics system. If they use their own transportation tools and warehouses or rent them from the society, there will inevitably be problems of repeated construction, large investment and insufficient resource utilization;

2. Compared with professional logistics companies, the logistics cost is higher by using their own transportation capacity;

3. The quality loss of products during storage and transportation is high.

At present, there is no professional third-party logistics company in China to undertake all the inbound or after-sales logistics of automobile manufacturing enterprises, and only some logistics companies have begun to undertake the transportation or warehousing business of parts enterprises to solve their own shortcomings.

Second, the design principles of auto parts logistics transportation system

For the automobile parts logistics transportation system, the important contents of the design include: transportation route planning, transportation mode selection and information system design. In order to ensure the efficient, orderly and low-cost operation of the whole supply chain, the transportation system design must be put into the whole logistics system and even the whole supply chain design. Combined with the characteristics of automobile industry, the following design principles are put forward for the design of transportation system:

1. Reliability principle of transportation system. In the logistics transportation of automobile parts, vehicles, ships and locomotives suitable for container transportation should be given priority in the selection of transportation tools, because in the long-distance transportation process, the quality loss rate of container transportation is the lowest and the specifications of transportation tools are unified. In the process of transportation, it is not necessary to consider the adaptability of transportation tools, which is convenient for path optimization.

2. Safety principle of transportation system. The safety of transportation system is the premise to ensure logistics transportation, and choosing the appropriate transportation mode is the first condition to ensure transportation safety, which includes the safety of people, equipment and transported goods. In order to ensure transportation safety, we must first understand the characteristics of the transported parts, such as weight, volume, preciousness, structure and physical and chemical properties (fragility, flammability and other dangers), and then choose a safe and reliable transportation mode.

3, the principle of timeliness of transportation system. The transit time and punctuality of parts transportation are another important index to measure the transportation effect. The length of transportation time and the accuracy of arrival not only determine the speed of spare parts turnover, but also have a great impact on the smooth progress of production. Due to untimely transportation, users are out of stock, which sometimes causes huge economic losses to customer enterprises.

4. The principle of low cost of transportation system. Transportation cost is a comprehensive index to measure the transportation system, and it is also the main factor that affects the economic benefits of logistics transportation. Transportation cost seems to be contrary to the above three principles. For example, shortening the transportation time and choosing a faster transportation mode will generally lead to an increase in transportation costs. Therefore, how to find a balance between the two, that is, to ensure the smooth development of production and the low cost of transportation system, needs to consider the overall situation and weigh an optimal scheme.

5. The principle of traffic system informatization. Modern logistics transportation system must be based on information technology, and there are a lot of data of customers, suppliers and logistics carriers in the logistics process. Based on the Internet, standard data structures are used for data exchange, also known as EDI. In order to bring the running vehicles into the running information chain, it is necessary to use the mobile information system, for example, by installing on-board GPS equipment, to collect the determined contract data, route data, vehicle data and running data for storage, exchange and processing. In addition, vehicle positioning can also be carried out to help the staff of freight enterprises do a good job in vehicle scheduling when arranging short-term pick-up and arrival time.

Third, the design model of automobile parts logistics transportation system

Above, we discussed the design principles of the automobile parts logistics transportation system, and put forward the premise and scheme of the model design of the automobile parts logistics transportation system with reference to the logistics management scheme of well-known domestic large automobile groups. There are tens of thousands of automobile parts, and now the modular method is widely used in China to classify them, which is convenient for the implementation of logistics management. For example, a group has formed six modules: chassis, interior, electronic appliances, power transmission, air conditioning and thermal processing, and the "modular" supply has begun to take shape. According to some design principles and the layout of automobile manufacturing enterprises.

Under this design mode, the logistics management center, as the general logistics supplier of parts logistics system, organizes and implements logistics. Each automobile factory transmits the daily production, spare parts demand and time to the logistics management center in advance through the connected information system. The logistics management center generates transportation instructions to parts suppliers, transportation departments and transporters respectively, and the transportation departments and transporters complete the transportation instructions within the specified time, and deliver the parts needed by each automobile factory to the designated assembly area or warehouse on time.

According to the general idea of this transportation system, the parts suppliers and their positions are calculated with the automobile factory as the center, and the direct transportation mode is stipulated within a certain kilometer. MILKRUN is the main mode of transportation that exceeds the specified kilometers, and it is suitable for parts with small batch and high delivery frequency. For large parts, several parts distribution centers or transit warehouses should be considered.