What is included in the National Education Enlightenment? What are the benefits of learning it?

About National Studies and National Enlightenment

1. The Scope of National Studies

A Minimum Bibliography of National Studies (Hu Shi)

Preface: This bibliography was drawn up by four people, including Hu Jundunyuan, who were promised by me to Tsinghua School. They were all young men who were going to study abroad. They were all young men who were going to study abroad, and they wanted very much to acquire a general knowledge of the history of the country in a short period of time. Therefore, when I drafted this bibliography, I did not envision for the people who have the foundation of Chinese studies, but only for the ordinary young people who want to get a little systematic knowledge of Chinese studies.

He first listed more than 100 books, after the request to delete and delete, said the following books can not be omitted:

Bibliography of the answer to the question "Dharma China Sutra", "Zuo Zhuan", "Dictionary of Chinese personal names", "Amitabha Sutra", "Selected Writings", "Nine Kinds of Chronicle", "Tantanjing", "Lefu Poetry", "The Outline of the History of Chinese Philosophy", "The Song and Yuan Study Case", "The Whole of the Tang Dynasty Poetry", "Lao Zi", "The Ming Confucian Study Case", "The Song Poetry Notes", "Four Books". Song Poetry Notes", "The Four Books", "Wang Linchuan Collection", "Song Sixty Words", "Mozi Interpretation", "Zhu Zi's Annals", "One Hundred Varieties of Selected Yuan Operas", "Xunzi Collected Annotations", "Wang Wencheng Gong's Complete Works", "History of Song and Yuan Opera", "Han Feizi", "An Introduction to Qing Academic Disciplines", "Adornment of the White Furs", "Explanation of the Collected Works of Huainan Honglie", "The Annals of Zhang Shizhai", "Water Margin", "Rites of Passage", "The Remains of Cui Dongbi", "The Record of Western Travels", "On the Balance of the Scriptures", "The New Science of False Buddhist Scriptures", "The Outline of Chinese Philosophy The History of Confucianism," "The Buddhist Legacy," "Poetry," and "Dream of the Red Chamber"

In short, "national education" should include the excellent culture that has been passed down in China for thousands of years: the classics, history, poetry, songs, couplets, idioms, qin, chess, calligraphy, and painting, folk songs and ballads, and the later imports of Indian Buddhism and Western culture that have dissolved into this river.

2, I understand the enlightenment of national education

1) Let the students have a certain understanding of the motherland's language and writing and its marvelous combinations and then, really like the motherland's language and writing.

2) Guiding students to enter the elegant door of the motherland's traditional excellent culture, willing and trying to find their own way to "enter the room".

3) Inspire and guide the students to worship culture, de-flagellation, tend to calm.

4) To help students complete their early (before the age of thirteen) cultural accumulation for life.

5) To cultivate as many "little gentlemen" as possible who are not only knowledgeable but also cultured.

I. The significance of the national education enlightenment class

1. "Becoming a craftsman" and "becoming famous" and "family"

Wherever they are called Qian Sanqiang, Qian Xuesen, Su Buqing, Hua Luogeng, Zhang Daqian, Huang Yongyu, ...... without deep cultural heritage, can only do craftsmen, even if the chance of chance, the craftsmen in the craftsmen may become famous and even red for a while, but also still craftsmen. Craftsmen seek skills, home seek Tao, Zhuangzi borrowed the mouth of the butchers said: "I'm good, Tao also, into the technology is carried out." That's the difference.

2, the national education is really part of the quality of education, is a comprehensive quality of the humanities

On the "Philosophy is the crystallization of the natural sciences and social sciences, is the natural sciences and social sciences of the generalization and summary". The ideas of the sons in the national science are all unique philosophical ideas, which can cultivate people's comprehensive quality of humanities. Good quality people are still afraid of exams or competitions?

3, the national science treats the root cause rather than the symptoms

"It is not to teach you to cure the disease, it is to tell you how not to get sick." The national education enlightenment is not to teach children to get high scores in the near future, but to help them stand tall throughout their lives.

Second, what is taught in the national enlightenment class (four hours a week, 15 weeks per semester***60 hours)

First grade: Zengguangxianwen Zhu Zi family training Discipline of the Three Character Classic Myths and Fables allusion to the 40 (the original text) Yixue Qionglin Poetry of the ages, 60 Idioms 600 idioms Commonly used words and word reasoning 30

Two grades: the famous sages collection Qianwen Longwen Whip Shadow Theory Mengzi University Zhongyong 山海经 训蒙骈句詩词120首 Idioms 900 個 Idioms rhyming and leveling common sense commonly used character theory 60

3rd grade: I Ching Laozi Zhuangzi 墨子 礼记百喻经 120 Poems of the past dynasties Idioms 900 個 Idioms rasa weng rhyming couplets common sense commonly used character theory 90 個

4th grade: Guigu Zi 孙子 墨子 Xunzi Hanfei Zi Lu's Spring and Autumn Poems of the past dynasties 120 Idioms 900 個 Idioms 900 poems metrical common sense word family 60 groups

Fifth grade: Shangshu Zuozhuan Guo Guocheng warring states Shiji (this record, the family and biographies of excerpts) Ai Zhi Tongjian (the original story) Song after the biographies of celebrities (the original excerpts) 120 poems of successive generations of adults 900 idioms word family 60 groups

Sixth grade: on the balance of the Dream Brook Penyan Xu Xiakes Travels the Compendium of materia medica (excerpts) Human Words Read the Weed Hall Notebooks Liaozhai Zhiyi 30 fugue of the ages 120 poems of the ages 900 idioms

Three, the current basic state of the national enlightenment class

Back: "Children, read with me!"

Pretend: Pretend to look like, shaking their heads and wearing ancient costumes and so on; pretend to be rehearsed, with ancient music, a hundred or so people on the hand of the dance, the foot of the dance.

Better than not learning, but really "with the passage of time and personal growth will slowly understand and realize"?

The context and conditions change: transportation, play, burdens, rules. That's why Lu Shi Chun Qiu? Chajin" said: the world has changed, do not follow the changes will only make a joke.

Four, Hui Xian Ya national education experts are so the national education enlightenment

"Take the law of the top, get to the middle; take the law of the middle, get to the bottom; take the law of the bottom, the law is not allowed."

Speaking - as closely as possible to the students' knowledge base, life experience and and social reality, in depth.

Q1: How can "learning from time to time" be "not also say (pleasant)? Reviewing is so boring!

Answer: I've read Journey to the West several times, the first time I thought it was funny, the second time I found out how many monsters are related to gods, Buddhas and Bodhisattvas. The third time I found that the original Jade Emperor is a big leader who will send monkeys to look after the peaches ...... You guys say it's worth "saying (悦)"? ......

Q2: Why is it worthwhile to "enjoy" having friends come from afar?

Responding to the lower grades: Is it worthwhile to have children come from far away to discuss your homework, have oral conversations, and compete in memorizing poems?

Responding to the middle grades students: Learning to communicate is a beneficial thing for both sides, you will be a question, he will be a question, he taught you you teach him, each person will be two questions, unlike the exchange of pencils two people an exchange or only one pen each.

Responding to the senior students: learning without friends, lonely.

Why is a "gentleman" a "man who does not know and does not sulk"?

The term "gentleman" refers to a person who is cultured and knowledgeable.

Responding to a lower grade student: If you don't care if the teacher asks someone else to answer a question that you would have answered, you are a little gentleman.

Responding to the middle grades student: You are a gentleman when your school picks someone to compete in a competition and you don't get upset when you are not chosen because it is your strongest skill.

Responding to the senior students: there are many people who are not talented, but some people complain about the world, and some people are open to it, so who do you think has the temperament?

"I have not seen a person who is as good at virtue as he is at color."

Before I told them, the kids were pointing and giggling around the word "good color", and I told them: "color" means appearance, "good virtue" means I told them: "color" means appearance, "good virtue" means to honor virtue, "good color" means to honor appearance, "good color" means to honor virtue, "good color" means to honor appearance. In other words, people pay more attention to appearance and less attention to virtue.

"No fun!" A little one muttered.

A similar situation occurs in the talk of "When you are young, your blood is not yet settled, so you should abstain from lust."

The discussion - try to help students to correctly understand the original meaning, internalize it into their own ideology, stimulate the potential and form new potential, which can be used for a lifetime.

Who is Confucius?

I tell my younger children that Confucius was a teacher, but very old, over 2,000 years old;

I tell my middle school children that Confucius was a teacher, the first to open a private school in China, and that he had 3,000 or so students.

The upper grades asked me: what kind of person is considered an educator? Why do you call Confucius a saint? I said, teach a child to know a word called a pedagogue, teach a child to know how to use this word called a teacher, teach a child to use this word on their own and can let others imitate it is called an educator; transcendent is into the saint, Confucius this teacher is not an ordinary teacher, just look at the subjects he taught himself: rituals, music, books, mathematics, archery, the emperor (i.e., the six arts), it is not an ordinary teacher can do, and some people say that the teacher who teaches everything is certainly not very good at teaching everything. Surely everything is not too good to teach, in fact, this is for the general teacher said to be pass, but the special characters are not so, so Confucius also said: the gentleman does not have a weapon.

Why did the ancients love homesickness so much?

Q: Why did the ancients love homesickness so much? It seems pretty tragic.

A: You live in Beijing, do any of your grandparents grandparents grandparents live abroad? How is their health? How is the living situation? --Now when I think about it immediately lift the phone to solve the problem. But what about the ancients? Ji Xiaolan was from Hetao, Hebei Province. Nowadays, if you take a car, you can get there in a few hours if something happens between the two places. But what about his time? It took three days on horseback! (also because he is a big official, along the way can always change the carriage horse) such as what happened at home, or at least a few days to notify, you can imagine Li Bai from Sichuan to Xi'an, Meng Haoran from Hubei to Xi'an, ...... said that may be going well, a few days later and then something happened. At that time, there was no special post office, all the letters were brought by acquaintances, and it took months or even years to bring a letter, can you not want to? That's why Du Fu said, "A letter from home is worth ten thousand pieces of gold".

Q: Confucius scolded his students how to scold so hard ah, he is not a saint?

Answer: Confucius this saint, is the later sealed higher and higher, at that time he is a special class of teachers and principals only, the direction of this special class is the direction of the middle and upper management, and Fan Chi is a moment to ask about planting crops a moment to ask about planting vegetables, the old man has been a little annoyed with his chest; now Zai Yu sleep in the daytime (there is no learning conditions at night), was the old man bumped into the old Mr., not scold him scolded who? I'm not going to scold him, but I'm going to scold him for not having a good mouth!

Original text: 1, Fan Chi please learn to crop, Zi said: "I'm not as good as the old farmer." Please learn for the nursery, said: "I'm not as good as the old nursery." Fan Chi out, Zi said: "small people, Fan Shu also! On the good manners, then the people do not dare not respect; on the good righteousness, then the people do not dare not serve; on the good faith, then the people do not dare not to use feelings. If so, then the people of the four directions, swaddled in their son and arrived; how to use the crop!"

2, Zaiyu day sleep. Zi said: "rotten wood can not be carved, dung wall, can not be masonry; in the I and what to put to death?" Zi said: "Beginning I in people also, listen to their words and believe their behavior; now I in people also, listen to their words and watch their behavior. I will change my behavior."

Memorizing--Try to use special methods to make students basically finish what they need to memorize in class, and only need to be familiar with and consolidate them outside class

Canceling words to memorize Trying to repeat them Introducing the law of forgetting

Using--Try to inspire students to use relevant quotations in their daily life, language and compositions. Use - try to inspire students to use relevant quotations and idiomatic allusions in their life language and compositions

--You think we can't find you if you're cunning enough to hide in three holes?

--Long tongs return almost, hungry in the belly!

--You just learned "Don't touch the edges of a wide turn" and you tripped over a table, great!

--By! You know what I'm talking about? I will not speak in my bed, and I will not speak in my mouth!

--Hey, it's really "quality over text is wild" ah!

--Isn't this Yan Hui's "ugly alley"? How come it's in Beijing?

--The gentleman used it, so there is no such thing as ugly!

--Humph, the southern village group of children unsatisfied with my old and powerless!

Introduction - guide students to string together what they have learned and try to touch something that will be learned not yet learned.

Such as the general narrative of the Disciple's Rules, you can cite the Analects of these paragraphs:

1, Zi said: "Disciple, into the filial piety, out of the younger brother, careful and trust, universal love, and pro-ren. There is a surplus of power in the line, then to learn the text."

2, a son said: "its for people also filial piety and brother, and good offender, few; not good offender, and good for chaos, not yet there. The gentleman serves the original, the original stand and the road is born. The filial piety and brotherhood is the foundation of benevolence!"

3, Zi said: people do not have faith, do not know what can be. The big car without Ni, the small car without a beast, how can it be done!

4, Zi said: "quality over text is wild, text over quality is history. The text quality, and then the gentleman."

Special request - do not take notes between the lines.

Fifth, Hui Xian Ya think about the national education and enlightenment and and composition, higher education, the relationship between job

1, high scores of the composition of the not about the same thing

than the insight of the newness, depth, breadth.

2, the exit of the "chapter"

"Wen" and "chapter" refers to the pattern, that is, decorative," Quality over text is wild, text over quality is history. WenQiBinBin, then gentleman." Can be said to do, can also say that composition, decoration to have degree, for example, not much actual content but pile up a lot of the so-called good words and sentences and even good paragraph, flow in the "history"; in the temple of national education, enlightenment is only a primer of the rough content, but are all the meaning of the word "Binbin The first is the "Bun Bun", the "Bun Bun", the "Bun Bun".

3, from which to see "outstanding"

With "who knows what's on the plate, all the grains are bitter" and with "a porridge and a meal, when thinking about hard-won".

4, the two students who were admitted and recruited

The above quote: Huixian Ya Guoxue Tang text.