Basic differences between supply chain management and logistics management

Basic differences between supply chain management and logistics management Chapter 1 1. Concepts of supply chain management and logistics management

(A) the concept of supply chain management

The term supply chain management was first put forward by some world-class management consultants in the early 1980s. Since then, with the rapid development of economy and technology, supply chain management has undergone profound changes in theory and practice. At first, supply chain management was regarded as an operational management activity about accelerating the flow of goods and information in supply channels. This kind of activity can optimize business links and keep the activities of enterprises and partners in the supply chain synchronized, thus reducing costs and improving the productivity of the supply chain. However, this is only part of the concept of supply chain management.

At present, the mainstream view is based on the integration of management ideas and methods, and holds that supply chain management is to plan and control the logistics from supply to end users in the supply chain. According to the definition of China's national logistics standard terms, supply chain management refers to the comprehensive planning, planning, organization, coordination and control of business flow, logistics, information flow and capital flow in the supply chain by using computer network technology.

(B) the concept of logistics management

Logistics management refers to the planning, organization, command, coordination, control and supervision of logistics activities in the process of social reproduction according to the flow law of material entities, in order to achieve the best coordination and cooperation between logistics activities, reduce logistics costs and improve logistics efficiency and economic benefits. Modern logistics management is based on system theory, information theory and cybernetics, which has two meanings: in a narrow sense, logistics management refers to the activities of purchasing, transporting, distributing and storing materials, which is a kind of material circulation activity between enterprises; Generalized logistics management includes the process of material transformation in the production process, which is what people usually call supply chain management now.

Relationship between supply chain management and logistics management

(A) from the perspective of management objectives

From the perspective of management objectives, modern logistics management refers to the flow process of products, services and information from the place of production to the place of sale in order to meet the needs of customers, as well as the planning, implementation and control behavior in order to make warehousing effective and low-cost. Supply chain management is to integrate key business processes from end users to original suppliers in the process of providing products, services and information, thus adding value to customers and all other process participants. Therefore, logistics management and supply chain management are consistent in serving customers.

Although their management goals are the same, this does not mean that their work nature is the same. The nature of supply chain work highlights the various relationships among suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and end users, while the nature of logistics work focuses on logistics workers with certain logistics production skills, using logistics facilities, logistics machinery and other labor means to act on the production activities of logistics objects.

(B) from the management content point of view

From the management content, the content of logistics management includes logistics activities and other activities directly related to logistics activities, including all logistics activities from raw material supply to product sales. The content of supply chain management is much larger. Supply chain management is to connect suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and end users into a whole model through feedforward information flow and feedback logistics and information flow. Supply chain management includes not only business flow, information flow, capital flow and value-added flow, but also logistics management. Therefore, logistics management is a part of supply chain management.

Meanwhile, there are many differences between logistics management and supply chain management. For example, logistics also includes urban logistics, regional logistics and international logistics, which are obviously not studied by supply chain management. Of course, the research of supply chain involves product design and manufacturing management, tracking and control of production integration plan, management of capital flow among enterprises, etc., and logistics management is not the research object. Even if the scope of management is limited to enterprise management, there are obvious differences between logistics management and supply chain management. Supply chain management is the organizational model of enterprise production and marketing, while logistics management provides service activities for enterprise production and marketing and completes real logistics. The secondary characteristics of logistics services will not change at any time, on any occasion or in any state.

(C) From the perspective of management tools

From the perspective of management means, supply chain management is an information management of supply chain interaction based on the Internet and an operation mode based on e-commerce. Business flow, information flow and capital flow can be easily realized through online transmission with the support of electronic tools and network communication technology. And logistics, that is, the spatial displacement of material data, specific activities such as transportation, warehousing, loading and unloading, distribution, etc., can not be directly completed through online transmission. Although modern logistics can not be separated from logistics management informationization, it also needs Internet technology. But the Internet obviously does not constitute a necessary means of logistics management. In other words, logistics can also operate under the condition of non-internet technology.

Third, the position of logistics management in supply chain management

As an organic network organization, supply chain improves efficiency and enhances overall competitiveness under the guidance of unified strategy. Logistics management scientifically plans logistics under supply chain management, so that logistics activities can quickly form logistics relations among all links in the supply chain and determine the logistics direction. Through network technology, the related information of logistics relationship is transmitted to all links in the supply chain at the same time, and timely coordination and control are carried out in the process of logistics implementation, so as to provide real-time information for all links in the supply chain and realize low-cost and high-efficiency value-added process management of logistics operation.

Among them, the scientific nature of logistics planning is the first and key step of logistics success; The implementation process management of logistics is the real-time control of logistics operation and real-time adjustment of logistics plan, as well as the mastery of logistics activity process, which is beneficial for all links in the supply chain to understand the logistics trend of goods and coordinate the plans of corresponding departments; Timely coordinated control is to analyze and summarize the existing logistics, sum up the successful experience and find the reasons for the existing problems, provide experience and reference for improving the management of logistics, and is also a link in the accounting management of third-party logistics enterprises.

Fourth, the characteristics of logistics management under the supply chain management system

First, speed.

Rapid logistics can be realized through rapid transportation and scientific logistics management before and during the event. In supply chain management, rapid logistics is the basic requirement of supply chain and the basis of ensuring high efficiency of supply chain.

Second, the enjoyment of information.

Compared with the traditional vertically integrated logistics model, the logistics information flow in supply chain integration has greatly increased. The transmission of demand information and feedback information is not step by step, but networked. Enterprises can quickly grasp the supply and demand information and market information of different links in the supply chain through the Internet, so as to realize information sharing and coordination. With the increase of * * * shared information and the application of advanced technology, enterprises at any node in the supply chain can grasp the market demand information and the operation of the whole supply chain in time, and the logistics information of each link can be transparently communicated and shared with other links, avoiding the distortion of demand information. At the same time, by eliminating the non-value-added processes and time, the logistics system of the supply chain can further reduce the cost, which provides a basic guarantee for the agile and refined operation of the supply chain.

Third, diversity.

In supply chain management, the diversity of logistics is reflected in the diversity of logistics forms and logistics projects. The diversity of logistics forms mainly refers to the diversity of logistics transportation modes and pallets.

Fourth, humanization.

Logistics is to achieve friendly service to customers with diversified products and reliable quality according to users' requirements. In supply chain management, logistics not only needs scientific methods to manage, but also needs to adapt to the changes of customer demand in real time, reflecting the characteristics of humanized demand.

The basic difference between supply chain management and logistics management 2 Abstract: Under the premise of global operation and diversified customer needs, it is not enough for enterprises to gain competitive advantage only by integrating internal resources. On the basis of discussing the disadvantages of traditional enterprise management mode, this paper puts forward the concept, characteristics and mode of supply chain management and its relationship with logistics management, and holds that supply chain management will become the main management mode in 2 1 century.

Crux word: supply chain; Integration; Logistics management; pattern

The concept of supply chain management

Supply chain management is an extension of logistics, which was put forward under the situation of collectivization and internationalization of enterprise management after the emergence of manufacturing industry all over the world. From a systematic point of view, logistics management can meet the needs of customers by coordinating logistics, capital flow and information flow in the whole process from market to enterprises and their operations to suppliers. The supply chain includes 1 physical logistics and goes beyond the logistics itself. At the same time, it develops in the direction of logistics, business flow, information flow and media flow, forming a complete set of 1 independent system. Traditional logistics management mainly touches on the optimization of material resources within the organization, but from the perspective of supply chain management, only cooperation within the organization is not enough.

Many scholars have put forward their own views on the concept of supply chain. Based on their point of view, we think that supply chain is a functional network chain structure model that connects suppliers, manufacturers, distributors, retailers and end users into 1 body through feedforward information flow and feedback logistics information flow. There are several common supply chain architecture models:

Chain model. Chain model is a simplified model of supply chain architecture, which studies the chain relationship between 1 manufacturer, its suppliers and distributors. Chain model is a 1 dimensional structure model, which can clearly show the organizational structure of supply chain.

Grid model. Because the supply chain node enterprises are in different supply chains at the same time, there are no more than 65,438+0 suppliers or distributors, and the supply chain is no longer just 65,438+0 simple chain structures, but 65,438+0 complex interlaced network structures.

Supply chain design principle

First, the principle of combining integration with decomposition. Integration is a process in which resources and information are concentrated from local to whole supply chain, which emphasizes the integration of supply chain and has the characteristics of 1 integrated logistics. Decomposition is the process of supply chain from global to local and from top to bottom. It emphasizes that under the condition of overall strategic planning and decision-making, the overall goal of supply chain can be decomposed to realize the fair allocation of resources, and the goal of supply chain can be practiced concretely. Integration and diffusion are interdependent and mutually promoting, which can realize the optimal design of supply chain and improve the competitiveness of the whole supply chain.

Second, the principle of refinement. Flexibility is the starting point and advantage of implementing supply chain management. When designing a supply chain, we must adhere to the principle of refinement, choose fair suppliers and distributors, and design an appropriate number of supply chain nodes by deleting links that cannot bring value-added, so as to make the supply chain fully functional, convenient and efficient and improve the rapid response ability.

Third, set the optimization principle. The composition of supply chain is formed by core enterprises outsourcing non-main business to specialized enterprises. The supply chain based on business outsourcing ensures that all node enterprises are the best in their industries, so as to achieve the purpose of combining strong and powerful enterprises and utilizing resources externally. Each enterprise only focuses on its own core business process, just like 1 independent manufacturing unit. These so-called unitized enterprises have the characteristics of self-organization, self-optimization, dynamic operation and vitality.

Fourth, the principle of cooperation. The design of supply chain must embody the principle of cooperation. Establishing strategic cooperation is the focus of supply chain management and the core of integrated supply chain management. The key of supply chain management lies in the connection and cooperation between the enterprises at each node of the supply chain, as well as their excellent harmony in design, production, competition and strategy.

Five, the dynamic principle. In order to adapt to market changes, flexibility, speed, innovation, knowledge and other needs. The supply chain must be designed as a dynamic network chain structure of 1. In this structure, enterprises that can't meet the demand of supply chain will be eliminated from the supply chain alliance, thus making the supply chain a 1 dynamic organizational structure that can be quickly reconstructed, that is, an integrated supply chain dynamic alliance. Alliance is based on a certain market demand and the same goal, through sharing real-time information to achieve integration. Synchronous and extended supply chain planning and control system are the main tools.

Sixth, the opposite sex principle. Supply chain management itself is the product of innovative thinking. As a new management mode of 1, the design of supply chain should also adhere to the principle of innovation, which is also the requirement of integrated and dynamic supply chain design. This innovation is reflected in the courage to break through the old rules, dare to question the existing management methods, adopt new and more advanced management technologies, examine the original management model and system from a new angle and a new line of sight, and carry out creative and innovative design.

Seven, strategic principles. Although the supply chain is composed of different enterprises, there is a win-win relationship between them, that is, 1 destruction, 1 glory. Therefore, only by adhering to the strategic principles can we realize the long-term interests of enterprises and the whole supply chain, and ensure that the system structure development of supply chain and the strategic planning of enterprises are consistent with 1.

Supply chain management and logistics management

(1) The position of logistics management in supply chain management

Modern supply chain management originated from logistics management. The globalization of the market has promoted the manufacturing processes including material acquisition, processing, assembly and distribution all over the world. With the continuous development of manufacturing globalization, enterprises have closer ties with suppliers, subcontractors and customers. The previous management mode focused on adjusting various capabilities in internal business processes and increasing market value. On the contrary, supply chain management enables enterprises to pursue the integration of external environmental resources (customers, suppliers and partners) to improve their competitive advantage. Supply chain management shows that the business focus has shifted from internal optimization to comprehensive optimization of 1 strategic alliance.

(2) Logistics management under the supply chain management environment

First of all, the role and goal of logistics management in supply chain management.

(1) Inventory management. Shortening the cycle time of order-transportation-payment through inventory management, speeding up inventory turnover and alleviating the occurrence of shortage events are conducive to the harmonious and high-speed operation of the whole supply chain.

(2) Order process management. The order process is the process of issuing orders to suppliers, including supplier management, order contract management and purchase order management. Through supply chain management, enterprises can use distribution documents to plan the whole supplementary network and automatically send orders to the supply chain; Establish a long-term supply-demand relationship through contract management; By checking the order quantity, send the purchase order to the supplier and pay for the received goods. The adoption of EDI makes the management of ordering process more effective.

(3) Distribution management. When goods enter the distribution center, distribution management refers to planning, coordinating and controlling the physical flow of goods, which includes four processes: distribution demand planning, grocery inventory management, transportation, fleet management and labor management.

(4) Warehouse management. In addition to receiving, acceptance, coding, warehousing, sorting, delivery and distribution of incoming goods 1 services, it also includes services such as purchase and sale, transportation, distribution processing and inventory control. The operation of warehouse management is very labor-intensive, but the introduction of bar code technology, scanner and EDI has reversed the traditional working mode and improved the working efficiency, thus realizing the electronization of logistics management and meeting the basic requirements of real-time tracking of trade process.

Second, the new characteristics of logistics management under the supply chain management environment.

(A) information transmission criss-crossing. In the logistics management under the environment of 1, the information transfer between enterprises is carried out step by step, and suppliers cannot obtain the latest demand information. In supply chain management, the strategic cooperation of node enterprises has the characteristics of 1. The information exchange between enterprises is not limited by time and space, and the information of the whole supply chain is shared.

(2) overall improvement. In the traditional concept, supply chain management is logistics management, and the relationship between enterprises is mainly "buying and selling". The management idea of the enterprise is to take production as the center, and supply and marketing are in a secondary and subsidiary position. There is little communication and cooperation between enterprises, let alone strategic alliance and cooperation. Supply chain enterprises are 1 strategic cooperative relationship, which embodies the integration and optimization of internal and external resources of enterprises, emphasizes long-term direct cooperation between enterprises, and emphasizes that * * * is 1 dynamic alliance.

(C) Modern information technology shows a strong supporting role. With the advent of the information age, the trade fire in the supply chain needs all kinds of information to send, track, sort, take over, store, extract and package products. In the era of e-commerce with highly developed global information, the cooperation between logistics and information flow is becoming more and more important, and more and more modern logistics technologies must be used in supply chain management. These all depend on the powerful supporting role of modern information technology.

Logistics services are flexible and diverse. With the development of modern information technology and logistics, the service mode of logistics is more and more flexible and diverse. In order to meet the requirements of international operation, international logistics has emerged in different countries; This paper introduces the third-party logistics enterprises specializing in logistics services, including freight forwarders (transportation agents), warehousing agents (warehousing agents) and distribution processing agents. Put forward the distribution center of joint inventory management and so on. All these make logistics services more efficient and fast, and adapt to the growing demand of enterprises and society for logistics.

Basic differences between supply chain management and logistics management Part III:

The integrated management of modern logistics and supply chain plays a more and more important role in enterprise management, which has a broader significance and has a good guiding role for China's logistics industry. This paper mainly expounds the significance of integrated management of modern logistics and supply chain in enterprise management from the following aspects.

Key words:

Significance of integrated management of modern logistics supply chain

introduce

Since the reform and opening up, especially after China's accession to the World Trade Organization, all kinds of science and technology have advanced by leaps and bounds, economic globalization has also swept through China rapidly, and e-commerce information technology has also developed well. In the tide of the world, opportunities and challenges coexist, and the competitive pressure faced by enterprises is not only domestic, but also from abroad. For enterprises, to improve market competitiveness, it is necessary to shorten delivery time and improve product quality. In the service industry, it is more necessary to improve service and improve service quality. Under the condition of market economy, we should start with services and reduce costs to improve our competitiveness, so as to better meet the challenges. Under the current circumstances, it is only competitive in manufacturing and so on, and it is difficult to gain a foothold in such fierce market competition. At present, only when enterprises have various advantages that other enterprises have, can they be in an invincible position in the fierce market economy and get better survival and development. Based on the above background, enterprises gradually focus on the logistics industry that was not paid attention to before. The logistics industry has also become an effective way for enterprises to obtain higher profits, and it is also an important bargaining chip and advantage for enterprises to become stronger in the market competition. In practice, we can find some useful laws through research. With the continuous development of the world economy, the competition between enterprises has also changed, from the original competition to the competition between supply chains. Supply chain includes three parts: logistics, information flow and capital flow, among which logistics supply chain plays a vital role and is also one of the decisive factors of the whole supply chain. In order to have a stronger competitive advantage, the integrated management of logistics supply chain not only needs to make rational use of logistics resources to coordinate scattered logistics resources and carry out production and marketing activities, but also must make the logistics ability formed by logistics resources become the key to the efficient operation of supply chain. The integrated management of modern logistics and supply chain plays a more and more important role in enterprise management, which has a broader significance and has a good guiding role for China's logistics industry.

1. Integrated management of enterprise supply logistics and supply chain

The integrated management of enterprise supply logistics and supply chain is mainly the standardized and efficient operation of supply logistics. This operation itself includes the whole process control of all material users in the enterprise. The integrated management of enterprise supply logistics and supply chain should focus on the following three aspects.

1. 1 Establish an integrated management mode of logistics and supply chain. Integrated management of logistics and supply chain is a management idea and method. It regards all the components in the supply chain as an inseparable whole. The key of supply chain management is standardized operation and effective constraint. In management, we should operate according to market requirements, and introduce market mechanism into every link in the chain of supply and demand. The operation mode, business department, mechanism and efficiency monitoring of supply chain link constitute the integrated management mode of logistics and supply chain.

1.2 It is necessary to establish an institutional management system and model and strengthen basic management. The orderly operation and high efficiency of supply chain depend on the institutional model of power grid system. The contents of the management system include procurement method, contract, inventory, ledger, fund settlement, rewards and punishments, etc.

1.3 establish a "people-oriented" management model, and the long-term standardized operation and strict implementation of the system depend on the code of conduct that managers abide by and the comprehensive monitoring of managers. Improve quality, create a development environment, and integrate personal goals with the overall goals of the chain and the realization of chain value. This actually highlights the people-oriented management model. Therefore, it is necessary to push the integrated management of logistics and supply chain to a new stage by changing heteronomy into self-discipline and active work, and finally realize self-management, self-initiative innovation and people-oriented quality improvement and efficiency management.

2. The significance of implementing integrated logistics and supply chain management in China enterprises.

The integrated management of logistics and supply chain plays a very important role and irreplaceable significance for China enterprises to realize the "two transformations", further go out and improve their visibility and competitiveness in the international market. It is also very important and necessary to study and analyze the integrated management of logistics and supply chain in depth. In a considerable number of enterprises in China, logistics and supply chain integrated management promote each other. With the development of e-commerce, effective integrated management of logistics and supply chain is needed. Modern logistics should be a relatively modern concept in the logistics industry, such as the collection and processing of massive information, unified classification, high-speed and rapid response, and timely and accurate delivery. Supply chain is a relatively traditional logistics from bidding, contract signing, supply, acceptance, warehousing and distribution of materials. The integration of these two logistics modes can make the supply of materials needed by enterprises more efficient and faster, and the production of enterprises more secure, thus reducing the procurement cost, occupation cost and time cost. And highlight its important role in the pursuit of profit maximization.

3. The application of modern logistics and supply chain integrated management in automobile manufacturing.

More and more enterprises attach importance to the development of integrated management of logistics and supply chain. Starting from the automobile manufacturing industry, this paper analyzes and discusses the integrated management of modern logistics and supply chain. As can be seen from Figure 1, spare parts suppliers set up intermediate warehouses around the automobile factory according to the orders of the automobile factory to provide timely delivery services for the automobile factory. Such a huge group of spare parts suppliers and the corresponding transportation and distribution links constitute a multi-level and complex procurement and supply logistics system.

In this supply chain, warehouse is the key node of the whole procurement and supply logistics system. However, because these warehouses belong to different parts manufacturers or are leased by different parts manufacturers, they are generally small in scale, large in quantity, insufficient in information input, unable to implement standardization and uneven in management level, and cannot be used as a bridge between vehicle manufacturers and parts production and supply enterprises. On the contrary, it increases the burden of spare parts manufacturers to a considerable extent, and vehicle manufacturers can't grasp the resource preparation state of spare parts, resulting in either high inventory level or lack of spare parts, which leads to vehicle manufacturers stopping production.

From the above analysis, we can effectively integrate the logistics of the whole automobile supply chain, from decentralized inventory to large-scale logistics center management, which can produce the following effects: ① centralized procurement, centralized warehousing and centralized distribution to the automobile factory can increase the number of procurement batches, and after centralized procurement, the number of transportation batches will also increase, the transportation scale will be better and the transportation cost will be lower; (2) The centralized distribution of required materials from large-scale logistics centers to automobile plants can enable production managers to concentrate on improving production efficiency instead of spending a lot of energy to coordinate various problems caused by lack of materials as before.

4. Conclusion

To sum up, the effective implementation of supply chain integrated management can bring rich economic and social benefits to enterprises, and also have a far-reaching impact on the development of enterprises. Some problems of traditional enterprises have also been reflected, and the issue of trade cooperation has also been highlighted. Based on these problems, we should guide some effective methods to make the integrated management of logistics and supply chain in China more effectively reflected in modern enterprise management. We can improve customer order management process and establish advanced management system from the following aspects. In a word, this new management mode of integrated logistics and supply chain management has a broad market prospect in China, which can achieve far-reaching development, but it also faces many problems to be solved urgently. With the reform and opening up and China's entry into WTO, this market economy has brought new opportunities to the integrated management of logistics and supply chain. China should seize the opportunity, meet the new challenges and strive to build the integrated management of logistics and supply chain in China. The integrated management of logistics and supply chain can be well developed in China, and China has a vast world, which brings great economic and social benefits to the country and enterprises.