What are the applications of virtual reality in various industries?

On the application of virtual reality in various industries [Abstract]: virtual reality is a synthesis of a variety of technologies, including real-time three-dimensional computer graphics technology, wide-angle (wide field of view) stereoscopic display technology, tracking technology for the observer's head, eyes and hands, and haptic/force feedback, stereo, network transmission, and voice input/output technology. Each of these technologies is described below. Virtual Reality is a synthesis of a variety of technologies, including real-time three-dimensional computer graphics technology, wide-angle (wide field of view) stereoscopic display technology, tracking technology for the observer's head, eyes and hands, as well as haptic/force feedback, stereo sound, network transmission, voice input and output technology, etc. These technologies are described below. Each of these technologies is described below. Application of virtual reality in urban planning urban planning has been one of the most urgent demand for new visualization technology, virtual reality technology can be widely used in all aspects of urban planning, and bring tangible and considerable benefits: show the planning program virtual reality system immersion and interactivity can not only give the user a strong, realistic sensory impact, to get an immersive experience, but also can be Through its data interface in the real-time virtual environment at any time to obtain the project data, to facilitate the planning of large-scale complex engineering projects, design, bidding, approval, management, conducive to the design and management personnel of a variety of planning and design programs to assist in the design and program evaluation. Avoid design risk virtual reality virtual environment established by the real data based on the establishment of the digital model combined to strictly follow the standards and requirements of engineering project design to establish realistic three-dimensional scene, the planning project for the real "reproduction". Users in the three-dimensional scene arbitrary roaming, human-computer interaction, so that a lot of imperceptible design defects can be easily found, reduce due to prior planning is not well thought out and caused by irreparable losses and regrets, greatly improving the quality of project evaluation. Accelerate the speed of design using virtual reality system, we can easily and arbitrarily modify, change the height of the building, change the building facade material, color, change the density of green, as long as the parameters in the system can be modified. This greatly accelerates the speed and quality of program design, improves the efficiency of program design and revision, and also saves a lot of money and provides a platform for cooperation. Virtual reality technology enables government planning departments, project developers, engineers and the public to see the planning effects realistically from any angle, interactively and in real time, to better grasp the shape of the city and understand the planner's design intent. Effective cooperation is a prerequisite to ensure the ultimate success of urban planning, and virtual reality technology provides an ideal bridge for such cooperation, which is not achievable by traditional means such as floor plans, renderings, sand tables and even animation. Enhance the effect of publicity for the public concern of large-scale planning projects, in the project program design process, virtual reality system can be exported to the existing program for the video file used to produce multimedia materials to be used to a certain degree of publicity, so that the public really participate in the project. When the project program is finalized, the video output can also be used to produce multimedia promotional videos to further improve the project's publicity display effect. Application of virtual reality in medicine The application of VR in medicine has very important practical significance. In the virtual environment, a virtual human body model can be established, with the help of tracking ball, HMD, sensory gloves, students can easily understand the structure of the internal organs of the human body, which is much more effective than the existing use of textbooks.Pieper and Satara and other researchers in the early 90's based on two SGI workstations to establish a virtual surgical trainer for leg and abdominal surgical simulation. This virtual environment includes a virtual operating table with surgical lights, virtual surgical tools (e.g., scalpels, syringes, surgical forceps, etc.), virtual mannequins and organs, and so on. With the help of HMD and sensory gloves, users can perform surgery on virtual mannequins. However, the system needs to be further improved, such as improving the realism of the environment, increasing the network function so that it can train multiple users at the same time, or can work under the guidance of experts in the field. In addition, VR technology is of great significance in long-distance remote-control surgical operations, planning and arranging of complex surgeries, information guidance of the surgical process, prediction of the consequences of surgery and improvement of the living conditions of the disabled, and even the development of new drugs. Virtual Reality in entertainment, art and education applications rich sensory capabilities and 3D display environment makes VR an ideal tool for video games. Because the realism of VR in entertainment is not too demanding, VR has been developing most rapidly in this area in recent years. For example, Chicago (Chicago) opened the world's first large-scale multi-player VR entertainment system, the theme of which is about a future war in the year 3025; the UK developed a VR gaming system called "Virtuality", which is equipped with an HMD and greatly enhances the sense of realism; and a VR system called "Lege" was developed in 1992. In 1992, a system called "Legeal Qust" was awarded the VR Product of the Year Award for its increased artificial intelligence function, which enabled the computer to have self-learning functions and greatly enhanced the fun and difficulty. VR also shows great promise in home entertainment. As a medium for transmitting and displaying information, the potential application of VR in the field of art in the future should not be underestimated; the sense of presence and interactive ability of VR can transform static art (such as oil paintings, sculptures, etc.) into dynamic, which enables the viewer to better appreciate the author's thoughts and art. In addition, VR improves the ability of artistic expression, such as a virtual musician can play a variety of musical instruments, handicapped people or people far away from home can go to the virtual concert hall to enjoy the concert in his living room and so on. The potential application value to the arts also applies to education, such as in the explanation of some complex systems of abstract concepts such as quantum physics, VR is a very powerful tool, Lofin et al. in 1993 established a "virtual physics laboratory", used to explain some physical concepts, such as position and speed, force and displacement, etc.. etc. Virtual Reality in the military and aerospace industry application simulation and practice has been an important topic in the military and aerospace industry, which provides a broad application prospects for VR. The U.S. Department of Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA has been working on the virtual battlefield system known as SIMNET since the 1980s to provide tanks with coordinated training 1 practice, the system can be linked to more than 200 simulators. Also using VR technology, zero-gravity environments can be simulated as an alternative to the now non-standard method of training astronauts underwater. Virtual Reality in Interior Design Virtual reality is not only a presentation medium but also a design tool. It reflects the designer's ideas in visual form, for example, before decorating a house, the first thing you need to do is to do a detailed conception of the structure and shape of the house, in order to make it quantitative, you need to design many drawings, of course, these drawings can only be read by the insiders, virtual reality can turn this conception into a visible virtual objects and environments, so that in the past you can only rely on the traditional design mode to enhance to the digital that is, look that is The perfect realm, greatly improving the quality and efficiency of design and planning. The use of virtual reality technology, the designer can be completely in accordance with their own ideas to build decorative "virtual" room, and can arbitrarily change their position in the room, to observe the effect of the design, until satisfied. Both save time, and save the cost of modeling. The application of virtual reality in real estate development with the intensification of competition in the real estate industry, the traditional means of display such as floor plans, performance charts, sand tables, model rooms, etc. has been far from meeting the needs of consumers. Therefore, the keen grasp of market trends, decisive use of the latest technology and quickly transformed into productivity, the party can be a step ahead, routed competitors. Virtual reality technology is a set of film and television advertising, animation, multimedia, network technology in one of the latest type of real estate marketing methods, in the domestic Guangzhou, Shanghai, Beijing and other major cities, Canada, the United States and other economically and technologically developed countries are very popular, is today's real estate industry a symbol of the comprehensive strength and logo, the main core of its real estate sales! At the same time in the real estate development of other important aspects including declaration, approval, design, publicity and other aspects have a very urgent need. Virtual reality in industrial simulation in the application of today's world of industry has undergone a huge change, large-scale sea tactics have long ceased to adapt to the development of industry, the application of advanced science and technology has shown great power, especially the application of virtual reality technology is on the industry for an unprecedented revolution. Virtual reality has been widely used by some of the world's largest enterprises in all aspects of industry, the enterprise to improve the development efficiency, strengthen data collection, analysis, processing capabilities, reduce decision-making errors, reduce business risks play an important role. The introduction of virtual reality technology will make the means and ideas of industrial design a qualitative leap, more in line with the needs of social development, it can be said that the application of virtual reality technology in industrial design is feasible and necessary. Virtual reality in military simulation in the application of virtual battlefield environment using virtual reality technology to make trainees in the visual and auditory real experience of the battlefield environment, familiar with the environmental characteristics of the combat zone. Users through the necessary equipment can interact with the objects in the virtual environment, mutual influence, so as to produce "immersion" in the equivalent of the real environment and experience. Virtual battlefield environment can be realized through the corresponding three-dimensional battlefield environment graphic image library, including the operational background, battlefield scenes, a variety of weapons and equipment and combatants. Through the background generation and image synthesis to create a dangerous, nearly real three-dimensional battlefield environment. So that the drillers "real" into the image of a realistic battlefield. Thus can enhance the trainee's sense of presence, greatly improving the quality of training. Warfighter simulation training and judging in the application system in the guide personnel can set up different battlefield background, give different situations, while the trainee is through the three-dimensional helmet, data suit, and data gloves or three-dimensional mouse operation sensing device can be made or select the corresponding tactical action, input different disposal program, experience different combat effects, and then like participating in real battles, exercise and improve the level of technical and tactical skills, rapid reaction capability and psychological endurance. ability and psychological endurance. Compared with conventional training methods, virtual reality training has a realistic environment, "immersive" sense of strong, changing scenes, training targeted and safe economy, controllability and other characteristics. Such as the U.S. Air Force with virtual reality technology to develop flight training simulator, can produce visual control, can handle three-dimensional real-time interactive graphics, and graphics other than sound and touch, not only can be manipulated in a normal way and control the aircraft, but also to deal with virtual reality outside the aircraft in a variety of situations, such as the threat of the balloon, the trajectory of the launch of missiles and so on. The joint virtual exercises of all military branches to establish a "virtual battlefield", so that the two sides in the same place, according to the virtual environment of various situations and their changes, the implementation of "real" confrontation exercises. In such a virtual combat environment, you can make many military units involved in combat simulation to come, without geographical restrictions, can greatly improve the effectiveness of the campaign training; can also assess the overall performance of the weapons system, inspired by the new operational thinking. Virtual military exercise system can arbitrarily increase the number of joint exercises. This facilitates the study of combat programs and theories. Traditional live military exercises are long and costly, and if training is conducted with the help of a virtual military exercise system, it is possible to implement large-scale theater and strategic-level exercises at a smaller cost and in a shorter period of time, and it is possible to find and solve problems that may arise in actual combat through multiple exercises or a variety of programs. Commander training using virtual reality technology, according to the reconnaissance situation information synthesized battlefield panoramic map, so that trained commanders through the sensing device to observe both sides of the deployment of forces and the battlefield, in order to judge the enemy situation, set the correct determination. For example, the U.S. Navy developed the "virtual ship combat command center" can realistically simulate and the real ship combat command center is almost completely similar to the environment, vivid visual, auditory and tactile effects, so that the trained officers immersed in the "real" battlefield. Virtual reality technology can make thousands of kilometers away from the soldiers and combat commanders in the network for confrontation combat exercises and training, the effect as in the real battlefield. Virtual reality in the application of cultural relics and monuments in the use of virtual reality technology, combined with network technology, the display of cultural relics can be improved to a new stage of protection. First performance in the cultural relics entity through the image data collection means, the establishment of the physical three-dimensional or model database, preservation of cultural relics of the original type data and spatial relationships and other important resources, the realization of the endangered cultural relics resources of scientific, high-precision and permanent preservation. Secondly, these technologies are used to improve the accuracy of cultural relics restoration and pre-judgment, selection will be used to protect the means, at the same time can shorten the restoration period. Through the computer network to integrate a unified wide range of cultural relics resources, and through the network in a wide range to use the virtual technology more comprehensive, vivid, realistic display of cultural relics, so that the cultural relics from the geographical limitations, realize the resources **** enjoy, really become the whole mankind can "have" the cultural heritage. The use of virtual reality technology can promote the cultural industry faster into the information age, the realization of cultural relics display and protection of modernization. The application of virtual reality in the game three-dimensional game is one of the important application direction of virtual reality technology, but also for the rapid development of virtual reality technology has played a huge demand traction. Despite the existence of many technical difficulties, virtual reality technology has been increasingly emphasized and applied in the highly competitive game market. It can be said that the computer game since its inception, has been in the direction of virtual reality, the ultimate goal of virtual reality technology development has become a three-dimensional game workers noble pursuit. From the initial text MUD games, to two-dimensional games, three-dimensional games, and then to the network three-dimensional games, the game in maintaining its real-time and interactivity at the same time, the fidelity and immersion is step by step to improve and strengthen. We believe that with the rapid development of three-dimensional technology and the continuous progress of hardware and software technology, in the near future, the real meaning of virtual reality games will certainly make new and greater contributions to human entertainment, education and economic development. Virtual Reality in Web3d/Products/Still Life Presentation Web3D has four main types of utilization directions: business, education, entertainment, and virtual community. For enterprise and e-commerce three-dimensional presentation, it can show an object in an all-round way, with the incomparable advantages of two-dimensional flat images. Enterprises will release their products into the online three-dimensional form, can show all aspects of the product shape, plus interactive operations, demonstration of the product's function and use of the operation, make full use of the Internet's high-speed and rapid dissemination of the advantages of the company's products to promote the company's products. For online e-commerce, the sales of product display into online three-dimensional form, the customer through the observation and operation of the product can have a more comprehensive understanding of the understanding of the decision to buy the odds will increase dramatically, for the seller to bring more profits. The education industry today's teaching methods, is no longer simply rely on books, teachers teach the form. The introduction of computer-assisted instruction (CAI) makes up for many aspects of traditional teaching that cannot be achieved. In the performance of some spatial three-dimensional knowledge, such as atoms, the structure of molecules, molecular bonding process, mechanical movement, three-dimensional presentation form is bound to make the learning process image words, students are more likely to accept and master. Many practical experience tells us that doing more than listening and speaking can receive more information. Using 3D courseware with interactive functions, students can get a deeper experience in the actual hands-on operation. For computer distance education system, the introduction of Web3D content will surely achieve a good effect of online education. For entertainment and gaming industryThe entertainment and gaming industry is always an unfailing market. Nowadays, the Internet is no longer a single static world, dynamic HTML, flash animation, streaming audio and video, so that the entire Internet presents a vivid and gloomy. Dynamic pages attract more viewers than static pages. The introduction of three-dimensional, will certainly cause a new round of visual impact, so that the web page visits to enhance. Entertainment sites can create characters like 3D virtual hosts on their pages to attract viewers. Game companies can now run online 3D games in a networked environment in addition to releasing 3D games on CD-ROMs. Taking advantage of interconnected networks, audiences and reach are expanding rapidly. For virtual reality presentations and virtual communities using Web3D to realize VR presentations on the Web, it is only necessary to construct a three-dimensional scene in which a person walks through it with a first viewpoint. The scene and the controller can interact with each other, and the high-quality generated images make people feel immersed in the scene. For such as virtual exhibition halls, construction and real estate virtual roaming display, provides a solution. If it is to establish a multi-user and can pass information to each other's environment, also formed the so-called virtual community. The application of virtual reality in road and bridge urban planning has been one of the most urgent demand for new visualization technology, virtual reality technology can be widely used in all aspects of urban planning, and bring practical and considerable benefits. Virtual reality technology in road and bridge application status in the construction of highways and bridges virtual reality technology has also been applied. As road and bridge need to deal with a large number of three-dimensional models and texture data at the same time, resulting in this situation requires high computer performance as the background support, but with the improvement of computer hardware and software technology in recent years, some of the original technical bottlenecks have been solved, so that the application of virtual reality has reached an unprecedented development. In China, many colleges and organizations have also been engaged in research and application in this area. The 3D virtual reality platform software can be widely used in bridge and road design and other industries. The software is applicable, easy to operate, powerful, highly visualized, WYSIWYG, and his appearance will prompt new vitality to the developing VR industry. Virtual reality technology in the application of road and bridge virtual reality technology in the construction of highways and bridges has a very broad application prospects, can be placed by the background of the stable database information, to facilitate the audience to the technical indicators of real-time query, the perimeter and then supplemented with a variety of media information, such as engineering background, section profile, technical data, cross-section, etc., electronic maps, sound, images, animation, and with the core virtual technology to interact, so as to create the core virtual technology, so as to create a new dynamic. The core virtual technology generates interaction, so as to realize many practical and convenient functions such as navigation, positioning and background information introduction in the demonstration scene. The application of virtual reality in geography applies virtual reality technology to integrate the three-dimensional ground model, orthophoto and three-dimensional stereo model of city streets, buildings and municipal facilities together to reproduce the urban architecture and neighborhood landscape, and the user can intuitively see the vivid and realistic city streetscape on the display screen, and can carry out a series of operations such as querying, measuring, roaming and flying browsing to meet the requirements of the digital city. Technology from two-dimensional GIS to three-dimensional virtual reality visualization development needs for urban planning, community services, property management, fire safety, tourism and transportation to provide visualization of spatial geographic information services. E-map technology is a comprehensive technology integrating geographic information system technology, digital mapping technology, multimedia technology and virtual reality technology and other modern technologies. E-map is a kind of modern information product with the background of visualized digital map, using text, photos, charts, sound, animation, video and other multimedia as the means of expression to show the comprehensive outlook of cities, enterprises, tourist attractions and other regions, which can be stored in the external memory of the computer to read-only CD-ROMs, networks and other forms of dissemination to desktop computers or touch-screen computers and other forms of providing the public with the use of the computer. Due to the electronic map product combines the visualization function of digital mapping technology, data query and analysis function and multimedia technology and virtual reality technology means of information expression, coupled with the role of modern electronic dissemination technology, it appeared as soon as the community won a wide range of interest! The application of virtual reality in education virtual reality applied to education is a leap in the development of education technology. It creates a "self-learning" environment, the traditional "teaching to promote learning" learning mode on behalf of the learner through their own interaction with the information environment to get knowledge, skills of the new learning mode. It is mainly applied in the following aspects 1 scientific and technological research at present, many universities are actively researching virtual reality technology and its application, and successively built a virtual reality and system simulation research room, the results of scientific research into practical technology quickly, such as Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics in the application of distributed flight simulation; Zhejiang University in the construction of the virtual planning, virtual design applications; Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin Institute of Technology's application in human-computer interaction; Tsinghua University's research on the sense of presence and so on are quite distinctive. Some research laboratories even have the strength to undertake large-scale virtual reality projects independently. Virtual Learning Environment Virtual reality technology can provide students with vivid and realistic learning environments, such as the construction of mannequins, computer space travel, and the display of molecular structures of compounds, etc. It provides unlimited virtual experiences in a wide range of subject areas, thus accelerating and consolidating the process of students' learning knowledge. Going through and feeling in person is more persuasive than empty and abstract preaching, and there is an essential difference between active interaction and passive indoctrination. Virtual experiments using virtual reality technology, you can establish a variety of virtual laboratories, such as geography, physics, chemistry, biology labs, etc., with traditional laboratories are difficult to compare the advantages: 1, cost savings usually due to the equipment, venues, funding, and other hardware limitations. Many experiments can not be carried out. The use of virtual reality systems, students can do a variety of experiments without leaving home, and get the same experience as the real experiment. Under the premise of ensuring teaching effectiveness, it greatly saves costs. 2, to avoid the risk of real experiments or operations often bring a variety of dangers, the use of virtual reality technology for virtual experiments, students in the virtual experimental environment, you can rest assured to do a variety of dangerous experiments. For example, the virtual aircraft driving teaching system, can be exempted from the serious accidents caused by students operating errors and aircraft crashes. 3, break the space and time limitations using virtual reality technology, can completely break the time and space limitations. As big as the universe celestial bodies, as small as atomic particles, students can enter the interior of these objects for observation. Some change processes that take decades or even centuries to observe can be presented to students for observation in a very short time through virtual reality technology. For example, Mendel's laws of heredity in biology, using fruit flies to do experiments often take several months, while virtual technology can be realized in one class. 2 virtual training base: the use of virtual reality technology to establish a virtual training base, its "equipment" and "components" are mostly virtual, can be generated at any time according to the new equipment. Teaching content can be constantly updated, so that practical training in time to keep up with the development of technology. At the same time, the immersion and interactivity of virtual reality, so that students can play a role in the virtual learning environment, fully engaged in the learning environment, which is very conducive to students' skills training. Including military combat skills, surgical skills, teaching skills, sports skills, automobile driving skills, fruit tree cultivation skills, electrical repair skills, and other various vocational skills training, due to the virtual training system without any danger, the students can tirelessly and repeatedly practiced until mastery of operational skills. For example: in the virtual aircraft driving training system, students can repeatedly operate the control equipment, learning to drive the aircraft take-off, landing in various weather conditions, through repeated training, to achieve proficiency in driving technology. 3 virtual simulation campus: the Ministry of Education in a series of related documents, many times involved in the virtual campus, clarified the status and role of the virtual campus. Virtual campus is also the earliest specific application of virtual reality technology in education and training, it is shallow to deep there are three application levels, respectively, to adapt to different degrees of school needs: simple virtual our campus environment for visitors to browse based on the teaching, teaching, campus life, relatively complete function of the three-dimensional visualization of the virtual campus to the students as the center, to join a series of humane functions, virtual reality technology as the Distance education basic platform virtual distance education virtual reality can be set up for the expansion of enrollment in colleges and universities branch campuses and distance education teaching sites to provide mobile electronic teaching places, through interactive distance learning course catalogs and Web sites, the LAN tool for campus Web site links, can provide open, long-distance continuing education for all terminals, but also for the community to provide opportunities for new technologies and higher vocational training, to create greater economic and social benefits, and to create more opportunities for the community. Create greater economic and social benefits. With the continuous development and improvement of virtual reality technology, as well as the continuous reduction of the price of hardware equipment, we believe that virtual reality technology, with its own strong teaching advantages and potential, will gradually be emphasized and favored by educators, and eventually be widely used in the field of education and training and play its important role. The application of virtual reality in virtual studio With the development of advanced information technology such as computer network and three-dimensional graphic software, the way of TV program production has changed a lot. Visual and auditory effects as well as human thinking can be realized by virtual reality technology. It sublimates the logical thinking of human beings. Virtual studio, on the other hand, is a concrete embodiment of the combination of virtual reality technology and human thinking in TV program production. The main advantage of the virtual studio system is that it can express news information more effectively and enhance the infectiousness and interactivity of the information. The traditional studio has more restrictions on program production. The virtual studio system produces a proportional three-dimensional design of the set, when the camera moves, the virtual set and the foreground image will appear corresponding changes, thus increasing the realism of the program. With the virtual set in many aspects of the cost-effectiveness is significant. For example, it has the ability to replace the scene in a timely manner, saving money in studio set production. There is no need to move and retain scenery, thus reducing the pressure on the need for employees. For single episodes, virtual production does not show great economic benefits, but it can save a lot of money in a series of programs that use the same backgrounds and camera positions. In addition, virtual studios offer production advantages. When considering the program format, the production staff has a wide range of options, they do not have to be too restricted by the scene. For the same program can not use the same studio, because the background can be stored on disk. It can give full play to the artistic creativity and imagination of the creators to create high-quality backgrounds by utilizing a variety of existing 3D animation software. The application of virtual reality in hydrogeological research virtual reality technology is the use of computer-generated virtual environments to realistically simulate the behavior of people in the natural environment of vision, hearing, movement and other human-computer interface new technology. Using virtual reality technology immersion, interaction with the computer and real-time performance functions, the establishment of relevant geological and hydrogeological models and professional models, and then realize the virtual expression of the aquifer structure, groundwater flow, groundwater quality and environmental geological problems (such as ground subsidence, seawater intrusion, soil desertification, salinization, swamping, and the expansion trend of the regional landfall funnel). Specific implementation steps include the establishment of a virtual reality database, a 3D geological model, a groundwater flow model, a specialized model and a real-time prediction model.