General Knowledge of Peking Opera for Primary School Students

1. What kind of experience is Peking Opera for elementary school students

Peking Opera has a history of more than two hundred years since its formation, and the accumulation of history has enabled it to gather all the characteristics of Chinese opera art, which is listed as one of the three "national treasures" of China together with Chinese medicine and Chinese painting. Intertwined with the art of culture and Peking Opera art embodies our country's outstanding cultural traditions and China's long history and culture, in order to make this elegant art in China called and carry forward, it should be from the dolls to start.

Peking Opera and music in a sense have a common place, the development of Peking Opera is inevitably inseparable from the development of music, such as the Peking Opera has a traditional repertoire of today's modern theater, and the Peking Opera as a "national treasure" has a deep history and culture, and he is more strongly oriented significance. Peking Opera has a long history, over the years, with the accelerated pace of people's lives, some of the traditional culture has been gradually ignored by the people in the whole society has not been attached importance to, whether it is culture, or education, emphasizing the study of the West more, and the importance of promoting the tradition of fewer people, in order to better promote and develop the traditional culture of China must start from the beginning of the education, in order to avoid rigid, rigid teaching methods, but also take into account the Peking Opera and music are interlinked, and the Peking Opera and music have a strong sense of orientation. In order to avoid rigid teaching methods, but also to take into account the Peking Opera and music are compatible with the artistic characteristics of the music classroom teaching in the Peking Opera elements, starting from the dolls, starting from the primary school students. Let the art of Peking Opera enter the school campus and teaching materials. It is to let more people understand Peking Opera, like Peking Opera, so that the survival and development of the art of Peking Opera has a fertile land.

2. How to do Peking Opera handbook for elementary school students

Opera is a traditional art of the Chinese nation. It is a synthesis of various factors of literature, music, dance, fine arts, martial arts, acrobatics and performing arts. It has a long history of origin, in the long process of development, after more than 800 years of continuous enrichment, innovation and development. Speaking of singing, doing, reading, playing, rich in dance, high technical, constituting a different from other theater and become a complete opera art system.

According to incomplete statistics, China's various ethnic regions of the opera varieties, there are about three hundred and sixty kinds of traditional repertoire tens of thousands. After the founding of the People's Republic of China and the emergence of many adapted traditional repertoire, new historical drama and modern theater to express the themes of modern life, are warmly welcomed by the audience. The more popular and famous types of theater are: Peking Opera, Kunqu Opera, Yueju Opera, Yu Opera, Xiang Opera, Cantonese Opera, Qinqiang Opera, Sichuan Opera, Paiju Opera, Jin Opera, Han Opera, Teochew Opera, Min Opera, Hebei Opera, Huangmei Opera, Hunan Flower Drum Opera ...... and so on more than fifty types of theater, especially the Peking Opera is the most popular, all over the country, regardless of the area of the limitations. However, in recent years, the development of theater art in China is becoming weaker and weaker, and it has been affected by the impact of the new art. In particular, Hong Kong and Taiwan songs flooded into the mainland, students chasing stars, over-ambitious, but little is known about the artistic treasures of our Chinese nation.

Ancient Chinese theater is called "opera" because it is mainly composed of "play" and "song". Chinese opera mainly includes Song and Yuan southern opera, Yuan and Ming miscellaneous dramas, legends and Ming and Qing sagas, but also includes the traditional repertoire of Beijing opera and other local operas in modern times, which is the general name of Chinese national theater culture.

○Modern theater mainly refers to plays, operas, and dance dramas imported from the West since the 20th century, with drama being the main body, and foreign drama generally referring exclusively to drama.

Chinese opera has a long history, and it first emerged from songs and dances imitating labor.

(a) Pre-Qin - the budding period of opera. The "Ode" in the Book of Songs and the "Nine Songs" in the Chu Ci are the songs and dances sung at the time of sacrificing to the gods. From the Spring and Autumn and Warring States Period to the Han Dynasty, songs and dances to entertain the gods gradually evolved into songs and dances to entertain people. From the Han and Wei Dynasties to the Middle Tang Dynasty, there appeared "Jiao Dai" (i.e., a hundred operas), which mainly focused on competition, "Senjun Opera", which was performed in the form of questions and answers, and "Tap Shake Niang", which played the role of a small story of life, etc. These are the germinal stages. These are all budding dramas.

(B) Tang Dynasty (late) - the formation of opera. After the Tang Dynasty, China's theater has developed by leaps and bounds, and the art of theater has gradually taken shape.

(C) Song and Jin - the development of opera. Song Dynasty "miscellaneous plays", the Jin Dynasty "courtyard" and singing form of "Zhu Gong tone", from music, structure to content, have laid the foundation for the Yuan Dynasty miscellaneous plays.

(D) Yuan Dynasty - the maturity of the opera. To the Yuan Dynasty, "miscellaneous plays" on the basis of the original greatly developed into a new type of theater. It has the basic characteristics of the drama, marking the stage of maturity of China's theater.

Yuan miscellaneous drama is in the folk opera on the fertile soil, inherit and develop the achievements of previous generations of various literature and art, through the workshop, rows of hospitals, actors, musicians and "book club" talent **** with the efforts to improve and create a comprehensive stage art. In form, Yuan miscellaneous operas with the four major sets of the Northern Quartet arrangement of the storyline, the incoherence, the use of wedges combined to form a book of four folds of a wedge of the usual format (Wang Shifu's "The Western Wing" is unique in the Yuan miscellaneous operas in the long story, *** wrote five twenty-one folds), each fold of a number of tunes with the same palace key to form a suite, and, if necessary, add another "cuneiform Each of these is composed of a suite of several pieces in the same house key, with a "wedge" added when necessary. At the end, the content of the play is summarized in two, four or eight verses, called "title". Each section consists of three parts: the lyrics, the narration (bingbai) and the section (kopan). The lyrics are filled out according to the tune of the tutor's mood, also known as the text, lyrics or lyrics. Its role is to narrate the storyline, characterization. All the words rhyme with the same rhyme. Narration is a kind of artistic means to express the plot or explain the relationship of the characters in the form of speech, which is divided into dialogues (dialogues between the characters), monologues (words in which the characters express their personal feelings and desires alone) and narration (words that the characters say to the audience behind the backs of other people in the play on the stage), and with whiteness (narration inserted in the lyrics), etc. The characters are the movements and expressions. Section is action, expression, etc. A play is usually sung by the end of the main character or the main character, while the other characters have no singing. The end of the main singing called "the end of the book", the main singing of the main Dan called "Dan Ben".

3. Peking Opera Knowledge Syllabus

DOC Peking Opera Art Appreciation Course Syllabus

File format: DOC/Microsoft Word - HTML version

Peking Opera Art Appreciation Course Syllabus I. Basic Information: Course Name: Peking Opera Art Appreciation; Course Code:; Course Credit: 2 credits; Total Credit Hours: 1, Peking Opera Art Appreciation; Course Code: 1 credit; Total Credit Hours: 1 credit; Total Credit Hours: 1 credit; Total Credit Hours: 1 credit; Total Credit Hours: 2 credits. Credit hours: 1, Peking Opera basics open-book written questions and answers, accounting for 50% of the total grade. 2, learning and singing of excellent singing. (2) Learning and singing of excellent singing sections, accounting for 20% of the total examination results. 3, usual attendance and homework, notes.

jwc.ctgu.edu/newshtml/jssw/05q/06cjxtg . 22K 2006-11-21

4. What are the benefits and advantages for children to learn Peking Opera

Xiyi Elementary School in Haidian District, Beijing, has been offering Peking Opera classes for five years, and Peking Opera classes are held once a week from 1st grade to 6th grade. In addition to the school's teachers, professional actors from the Beijing Opera Troupe come to speak to the students every week. The school has also set up the Haidian Junior Peking Opera Troupe with the best Peking Opera performers. The students had won seven Little Plum Blossom Awards in the National Children's Opera Competition. Teachers have welcomed this move by the Ministry of Education to include Peking Opera in the music curriculum of the nine-year compulsory education stage.

"There is obviously some basis for the Ministry of Education to do this, which is also to cultivate children's interest and better pass on the excellent traditional Chinese culture." Liu Weidong, a professor at the Department of Youth and Teenagers at the China Youth Politics Institute, believes that young people make up a small percentage of the audience for Peking Opera. Having it within the curriculum now has a positive effect.

Liu Weidong said that to revitalize Peking Opera, in addition to the form of Peking Opera being constantly innovated in line with the changing aesthetic interests of the times, there is another important way to cultivate a youth audience, and to get the new generation to understand Peking Opera and be interested in it.

Wu Jiang, director of the National Peking Opera Theater, also believes that Peking Opera's singing is a Chinese aesthetic singing method and a scientific method of vocalization unique in the world, and that it is beneficial to learn a little bit of it at a young age. The 15 selected cantatas were chosen on the basis of extensive consultation with primary and secondary school teachers and experts, and represent the main features of the art of Peking Opera.

Zhao Jingbo, a professor at the Chinese Academy of Opera, said that Peking Opera has a glorious history as a national treasure, but young people nowadays don't know much about it. Starting from primary school students, cultivating interest in Peking Opera and popularizing the knowledge of Peking Opera will have a positive effect on the promotion and inheritance of Peking Opera culture. Nowadays, many countries are incorporating the culture with national characteristics into basic education, and this kind of pilot should be advocated and supported.

Many art experts also suggested to increase the knowledge of Peking Opera, such as face painting, musical instruments, gongs and drums, lineage, etc.; Peking Opera genres and famous paragraph appreciation, not necessarily everyone can sing, but should let our future generations know, what is the four famous dan, the four major sushi, what is the South Ki and North Horse, and so on. I hope that the pilot program of Peking Opera in primary and secondary school classrooms will be successful.

5. Who can enlighten me about Peking Opera

1.

The colorful dan is commonly known as the ugly woman, who sings and reads with her own voice, but actually uses a clown role for her work. Simply put, the colorful Dan is a heavy white, and basically say Beijing white, to do the work of the main, performance, make-up are very exaggerated, is to comical and witty performances based on comedic roles.

These roles are not all bad guys. Some of them are used to satirize stupid and smart people, such as Cheng Xueyan, the eldest sister in "The Phoenix Returns to the Nest", and Dong Shi in "Xi Shi". There are also some that denote women with bright, rough and bold character, such as Flower Woman in Stringing Dragon Pearls, Wan in Four Scholars, Chen Xiuying's mother in Iron Bow Rim, etc. There are also those that portray funny and witty artistic images, such as Liu Matchmaker in Pick Up Jade Bracelet.

2. Wusheng, naturally, is the role of a martial arts fighter in the line of life.

It is in the costume, and Xiao Sheng is different, the majority of Xiao Sheng is no beard, but Wu Sheng is some have a beard, hanging beard, some do not hang beard. Wusheng's classification is relatively simple, mainly divided into long leaning, short playing two kinds.

The long leaning Wusheng, generally tie leaning, wearing thick boots, using long weapons, the majority of the performance of immediate combat. Like the "Chang Ban Po" of Zhao Yun, "picking the Chinese car" of high favor, "Green Stone Mountain" of Guan Ping; there are also hanging beard, like the "War of Wancheng" of Zhang Xiu, "War of Chuzhou" of the Duo Duo, "an arrow of hatred" of Shi Wengong, and so on.

The short-fighting wusheng, generally not tie leaning, wearing pleats, wearing arrow clothes, using short weapons, the role of short combat under the foot, like Wu Sung, Huang Tianba, "Three Forks" in the Ren Tanghui, "Wash Floating Mountain" He Tianbao, and so on. However, the difference between long leaning and short fighting can not be only about the form of clothing, nor can it be absolutized.

Like "Water Margin play" "an arrow of hatred" in Shi Wengong, his identity is a master teacher in Zengtou City, can not be like the troops generals and commanders like helmets through the armor, so do not tie leaning, wearing a jargon called "Za towel" hat, wearing an arrow coat, but he is not a good idea. With Lu Junyi against the gun still belongs to the long leaning. Until the back to steal the camp, water capture the performance belongs to the short fight.

The hook face play long leaning martial arts student has a characteristic, that is, but also perform some hook face play. Opera terminology, the role according to a certain pattern to the face of the makeup method called hook face or rub face.

The Wusheng acted hook face roles, common: "Cage Mountain" of Jiang Wei, "Money Leopard" of the leopard, "Yan Yang Lou" of Gao Deng and so on. Monkey play Wusheng in addition to hook face play, but also to play "monkey play", that is, "Journey to the West" story of the Monkey King.

The Monkey King is also hook face. Generally speaking, the performance of the line should be solemn, but the monkey play must be hairy hands and feet, which is the Beijing Opera from the Kunqu class inherited the tradition, the generations of masters of the Wusheng almost no monkey play.

3. Dan line is a rising star in Beijing opera, in this century, due to the rise of a large number of Dan artists, created a large number of excellent plays, the rapid development of the performing arts of this line of work, so that it jumped up, more than the old man, became the most important line of Beijing opera.

The Dan role of the categories are also more, can be roughly divided into Qingyi, Hua Dan, such as: "war in Wancheng" in the Zou's, Wu Dan, old Dan and other categories. Qingyi, also known as Zhengdan, played the character of dignified and quiet positive characters.

"Qingyi" word source is also in the character's clothing, many plays, such as the "Three Maidens" of Wang Chun'e, "Wujiapo" Wang Baoshuan, "Fenhewan" Liu Yingchun, etc. are wearing a simple green pleats, so people call the main Dan Qingyi. Of course, this is not absolute, like "two into the palace" of Li Yanfei wearing a dragon (scarf skin), "three claps" in Wang Baoshuibusi in the first scene wearing the so-called phoenix crown Xia (scarf skin), to the break with his father after the removal of the treasure coat, only to change the pleats.

The mark of the Qingyi is mainly character and artistic features. The characteristics of Qingyi are always singing, which is a bit like An Gong Lao Sheng.

The singing of the Qing Yi is mainly in a fake voice, which is close to the Xiao Sheng introduced earlier. The singing style should not only be bright and delicate, but also have a masculine and majestic tone, not too soft and charming.

It is also necessary to read the rhyme, read the rhyme white, can not read the Jingbai, in order to show the dignity and gravity. In the Dan role, the more complex is the flower Dan.

Many categories of flower Dan, play the characters are also very mixed. Most of them are elegant and beautiful, lively and lovely, and also have a robust Ana.

Wearing a variety of costumes, some also read rhyming white, but more often read Beijing white. In the past, the flower girl in the performance of a significant feature, is generally to "stilt".

The so-called "stilts", is a kind of wood made of fake feet, used to imitate the ancient women's "three-inch golden lotus". And tied to this fake feet to walk on stage, make the body, and even open the fight performance, is a need to go through the painstaking training of stunts, the jargon called "stilt work".

After 1949, the opera world implemented the "abolition of stilts". Nowadays, it is very difficult to see such performances on the stage, and the skill of "stilt work" is also on the verge of extinction.

In the flower girl line, playing the "Dragon and Phoenix" in the Li Feng sister, "picking up the jade bracelet" in the Sun Yujiao, and other innocent little girls, the jargon is called "girl's door Dan". The dance performance of the girl's door Dan is relatively strong, the body is exquisite and lively, rich in dance.

Singing is characterized by the use of all the singing tone, or South Bang Bang, do not sing two yellow accent. There is also a class of roles in the flower girl, now less common on the stage, that is, "joke Dan".

The joke Dan used to be the protagonist of some "joke play", like "Zhang Gu Dong borrowed wife" in the Shen, "playing the noodle tank" in the Zhou Lamei, "playing the flower drums" in the flower woman, "Swinging Lake Boat" in the boatwoman, "Visiting relatives scolding" in the city in-laws and so on, just this kind of "joke play! It's just that these kinds of "joke plays" are hard to see on stage today. I remember, an expert in more than 30 years ago wrote an article entitled "today's people do not understand" joke theater ".

Another feature of the art of joking Dan is that, not necessarily singing Xipi, Erhuang, but singing some of the miscellaneous cadences, such as "Zhang Gu Dong borrowed his wife" singing the blowing cavity, "playing the noodle tank" sung by the South Gong, "playing the drums" sung by the wind and Yang song, flowers, and so on. Flower Dan in the spicy Dan, are generous and unrestrained, said to fight, said to scold the characters.

The most typical is "stabbing Ba Jie - Ba Luo and" in the Ba Jiu grandmother Ma Jinding. This road role has the side of solving close to Wudan, but must not be played as a pure Wudan.

They often use big kongs when they start to fight, and in the past also do not step on stilts is not the same as the flower and martial arts Dan at that time.

6. An introduction to how to teach Peking Opera appreciation in the middle grades of elementary school

Microteaching and flipped classroom is a teaching method that has emerged in recent years, and microteaching learning in the flipped classroom has reconfigured the learning process of the students, and shifted the decision of learning from the teacher to the students.

In this mode of teaching, students through micro-teaching students to complete the knowledge construction, difficult to solve, expand the extension of the content, the valuable time within the classroom, back to the students. Students are able to focus more on active experiential learning, to achieve the internalization of knowledge absorption, so as to obtain a deeper level of understanding.

I tried to combine the teaching mode of flipped classroom with the teaching of music appreciation in the upper elementary school, and the innovative application of microteaching in music classroom teaching to realize the transformation of the teaching mode and the realization of the student-oriented music classroom, so as to fully mobilize the initiative of students' learning, and allow students to actively participate in experiencing the music to improve the effectiveness of teaching. In music appreciation teaching, microclasses with rich images and vivid image demonstration captures the attention of students, enhances the vitality and vigor of the classroom, enhances the infectious force of the music, so that students in the process of learning constantly generate excitement and interest, shorten the perception time, better guide students to the predetermined learning objectives, and improve the effectiveness of music appreciation teaching.

7. Peking Opera face knowledge

In the opera, the yellow-faced Fang La, white-faced Pang Ji Pang Taishi, are not bad people in history.

The same monkey face face, face shape is also different. For example, the Monkey King Sun Da Sheng and the Monkey King in the period of the Pandemonium and the Sun Walker in the Western Paradise, the Monkey King, who was awarded the title of 'Buddha', some of the faces show the spirit of resistance, tenacity and the spirit of justice, and some of the performance of the Monkey King as a Buddhist "rightful fruit" of the image.

(And even if the same character's face, different artists also have a wealth of different spectrum) Another example is the image of the monkey marshal on the Mountain of Flowers and Fruits, the monkey will. Old monkeys Tongjia ape old and open-minded, far-sighted, ink monkey image is mainly in black and other dark colors.

The white ape in the Eight Immortals Fighting White Ape, appears to be witty and interesting, to the whiter bright colors (in order to set off the plot, there is also a pattern of immortal peaches on the forehead) Fake Wukong six-eared macaque appears to be cunning and hyperactive. The same heavenly star monkey face, blather fire monkey (that is, Fang Gui in the list of feudal gods.

The Monkey King in the Palace of Heaven and he had a hand) sensitive and alive (Kunqiao repertoire of the Great Sage, the fire monkey and other faces with the Peking Opera is not exactly the same), the nine obsidian stars in the Luo Shuji (eclipses) is a face of the official look, pretending to be dignified.

8. Introduction to Peking Opera

Peking Opera props Peking Opera props usually have a very imaginative symbolic meaning, it is not like the drama of the actual scene, but leave the audience a lot of imagination.

Tables and chairs: I am afraid that tables and chairs are the most used props in Beijing opera. Usually it is the table and chairs that represent the house, but the same chair can be in a play, with the front representing the ordinary seat and the back representing the dragon bed.

In addition to being used as tables and chairs, tables and chairs can also be used as doors, chairs, two people before and after a station, the door in the door outside the feeling. Tables and chairs also often represent mountains, slopes, platforms, etc., higher than the plane level, you can also stack up to use.

Actors on the table, according to the plot may be on the mountain, or on a high platform. Sometimes benches appeared in the house to show poverty, and were used for a variety of purposes, for the same reason as chairs.

Flag class: according to the occasion form of different, there are many meanings. Usually see the dragon set to play the flag, on behalf of thousands of troops or ceremonial.

Sedan chair flag, two people playing, shaped a bit like a door, used to represent the sedan chair, like the one used by Xue Xiangling when she got married in "Lock Lin Bag". Vehicle flag, a person in the back of the flat holding up two flags painted like wheels, used to represent a variety of vehicles.

Playing Dragon Robe, Pick the cart and other plays have. There are also some such as the order flag.

Horsewhip: This is the most representative props in Beijing opera. Only a whip, on behalf of the horse, or riding or leading.

Coupled with the actor's performance, it gives a person the feeling of riding a horse alive. Weapons: swords, guns, swords and halberds, to name a few.

Baggage: The baggage in Peking Opera, depending on the size, shape and color, is often used to represent different things such as bags, gold, silver, seals and letters, and even heads. Other objects: with the physical image does not have much difference between the props, such as wine pots and cups, scrolls, lamps and candles, etc. are not listed.