Seeking for the saying and nursery rhyme about Chaozhou people's "crossing the river"

"Wherever there is tide, there are Chaoshan people." Although this saying is a bit exaggerated, it is true that "there is a Chaoshan at home and a Chaoshan abroad". Chao people at home and abroad to the "song" called "Chao people homesickness song", is not unreasonable.

A goose at the top of the sky,

A brother has a wife,

A brother has a son and calls him uncle,

Backpacking up the baggage over Siam (Thailand),

Walking to Siam to take the pig brother (to take the boar to be mated with the breeder)

Earned the money silver plus or minus to send to Tangshan to get a wife.

This is the first time in the world that the Chao people have ever been in a hurry to get a wife.

This song shows that the Boomers have the character of "good gathering by nature, and gathering is always fun". They cross the ocean to make a living outside, both united to help each other, but also do not impose on others, relying on their own "bone meat", hard work and ingenuity. When you are happy, you are happy when you are bitter, and the song is the voice of your heart, which is the connotation of Chaoshan's "Song of Passing".

What can I do to cook sweet kuey teow

"What can I do to cook sweet kuey teow" is a Chaoshan proverb. In the Qing Dynasty, the Chao people went to the South China Sea to make a living, each time they crossed the ocean, the fastest must be more than ten days, such as in the case of big storms and waves, it is difficult to predict the trip. Therefore, the Chiu Chow people over the past, the fixed call family cooking sweet kuey teow (brown sugar rice cake), because sweet kuey teow is not easy to deteriorate, easy to carry, it can be used as food.

The Chaoshan region to overseas immigrants has a long history, it is reported that before the Yuan Dynasty, so traditionally the township, family, clan love is very heavy. Teochew "parents in, not far away", "flesh and blood attached" to the deep-rooted traditional thinking, who wants to make a living away from home? But the Han River Delta, less than 900 square kilometers in ancient times, accounting for only 30% of the region's total area, the rest are mountainous hills, the southeast is the endless sea, so there is a "three of its ten for the island of the water and four of the ten, the arable land, no few," said.

Because of this, although the Chaoshan people are smart and diligent, the hillside, roadside, pool, field ditch, tomb gap are turned into arable land, planting such as embroidery, all year round, between the seeding of the insertion of the seed, but also to get a few harvests. However, the land was narrow and crowded, how could they make a living? Therefore, for a long time, living a half-starved life. The Chao people living in the mountainous countryside, two meals of sweet potatoes and one meal of congee per day were common, just as the relevant historical records say: "Even if there is a good year, it is not enough to provide food for three months." The newest addition to the list is the newest addition to the list, the newest addition to the list.

The older generation said: "Grandfather's generation was very miserable, there was no galleys. All are self-bound bamboo raft as a boat, self-cooked sweet kuey teow as food, hold up the broken quilt as a sail, with a rope or water cloth, one end tied to their own waist, one end tied to the bamboo raft above, crossing the black water across the seven continents of the ocean. In the event of a big storm, the bamboo raft was overturned, people fell into the water, climbed up and drove as usual. If one was lucky enough to meet a foreign ship and call for help, one could get out of danger and go to Siam." How could the small bamboo rafts withstand the wind and waves of the Seven Seas? Many people could only drift to the nearby islands to wait for the passing ships. Therefore, the folk song in Chaoshan says, "When we are out of firewood, we will starve to death. There is nothing we can do about it, but to sell guoli." Among them, there is a "song" is sung in Teochew "live five tunes" (sad tune) like this:

A stream of eye juice, a boat people, a bath cloth to go to Pan.

Money and silver know to send people know to return, do not forget parents **** wife room.

The fireboat has sailed across the seven continents and oceans, and I can't see my hometown.

It's all up to you whether it's a good thing or not, I don't know when I'll be back.

The end of the Qing Dynasty, the imperialists in Chaoshan plundered the Chaozhou people across the ocean to sell labor, they set up a variety of "Recruitment Bureau" in Chaoshan, the Chaozhou people called it "piggyback trade". For example, the British Teck Kee and the Dutch Yuen Hing and other foreign firms set up "piggy banks" in Shantou. The piglets were put into iron cages and shipped overseas, and countless people died.

In 1741, the Dutch East India Company Governor Vaganian in Batavia, Java, a massacre of Chinese workers, the dead more than 10,000 people, the history of the shocking "Red River bloodbath". However, the Qing government does not condemn the foreigners, but said their own national "class stupid and ferocious, for the abandonment of the atramentous people of heaven", and to the internal and external claim that "the atramentous people of heaven do not hesitate to recite the ancestor of the Lugu tomb, the ocean to seek profit, the imperial court does not hear about it". The situation of the Chaozhou workers can be imagined.

Before and after 1876, there were more than 20 "piggy banks" and "gouli lines" all over Chaoshan. The Chaoshan people were forced to cross the ocean to make a living, and there were a lot of songs related to this, such as:

Siamese ship, the water is far away, will live and die in this day.

If you don't have any food, you will become a ghost.

It's a hard job to go up to the mountains in a hurry,

Sunrise is a sunrise, rain is a shower.

What I carry is a large cedar pillar, what I do is day and night,

What I live in is a shabby hut, it's really worse than a shrimp.

Crossed the black water (seven continents), ate bitter water,

full of heart to pay running water;

want to make a mountain (base), no return to the Tangshan,

Long old bones return to the mountain of righteousness (grave group).

"Fan batch" money and silver Tangshan Fu

According to the "Brief History of Chaoshan Overseas Chinese Batches", from 1869 to 1948, the total number of people in Chaoshan reached more than 5.8 million. By the end of the 20th century, the number of people soared to more than 10 million, a figure equivalent to the current population of Chaoshan, so there is a "domestic a Chaoshan, foreign a Chaoshan" said.

It is precisely in this way that a considerable part of the domestic Chaoshan people rely on the "fan batch" to live, so there is a "fan batch of money and silver Tangshan Fu", "fan batch" has become the livelihood of the Chaoshan people, the ties of kinship. It has become the tie of life and the bond of affection for the Chaoshan people.

Many Chaoshan people wrote letters to their families as soon as they arrived at home. For example, Chen Jinping of Chen Chu ridge in Chaoan, after arriving in Malaysia on the first day of November in 1936, he sent a letter of peace to his mother on the third day of the month and borrowed 6 yuan from his friends and relatives to send it to his mother, so as to put her mind at ease. Thai Chao overseas Yang Jie sent to his hometown of Chenghai Guanshanxiang wife's "Panpian" in the country's 50,000 yuan and a sentence of tears --- "see the letter cut redemption of my daughter! "

Early in the early days, the Chinese government sent a letter to his wife in Guanshan Township, Chenghai.

In the early days, the Boomers elected honest and reliable people among their peers and fellow townsmen to deliver letters and property on their behalf. These people have long traveled in the ocean waterways, familiar with the path to and from Chaoxiang, Nanyang, initially known as the "water", and later known as "water guests".

With the "break into the South China Sea", "slippery water" more people, industry "Overseas Chinese Batch Bureau" came into being, such as the early Singaporean Chiu Chow businessman Huang Jiying founded the "Zhicheng Batch Museum". Earlier, such as Singaporean Teochew businessman Huang Jiying founded the "Zhicheng batch Museum" and Chenghai Huang Songting in Shantou, "Yuzhuang batch Bureau". Whether it was the early "watermen" or the late "batch bureau", the delivery of the "batch" are relying on the "red-headed boat" to and from Nanyang and Chaoshan. The "red-topped boat" was used to deliver the "pandas" to and from Nanyang and Chaoshan. According to the old generation recalls: "in September of the lunar calendar in previous years, fewer typhoons, the red-headed ship from the South China Sea to return, Chenghai Zhanglin port on the beat of gongs and drums to meet than the New Year festivals are still bustling." Therefore, there is a folk saying: "the end of September, the gong called."

The foreign ship arrived, the mother of the pig was born, the bird child beans, bring the shed.

The foreign ship sank, the mother of the pig fainted, the birds and beans were born, and the flies were born.

One letter, two dollars in silver, tell your wife not to worry.

Slaves know what to do, and pigs know what to feed.

When I earn money,

I will come home to be reunited with my wife.

1940 to 1945 due to the outbreak of the Pacific War, "Fan batch" interruption, in Chaoshan overseas Chinese families seeking to borrow no door, many people were reduced to beggars, living in other parts of the country, some were forced to remarry, some sold their children to sell their daughters, the situation is bleak. ...... have a song

The child starved to death and his mother remarried,

and the eye juice flowed when he lifted his eyes.

The authors of the "Song of the Passengers" are the majority of the Chaoshan people, who tell of their own lives of suffering and misery, exposing the evils of the old society, and singing their own voices with personal experience, the listener and the singer with the sorrow, sadness, and joy. ...... Savor the "song", compared to the Chao people today and the past life, let a person have a different taste in the heart.