Medicinal value of Manshan Hong

Origin: Handbook of Chinese Herbs Commonly Used in Northeast China

Pinyin Name: Mǎn Shān Hónɡ

Alias: Yingshanhong, Yingshanhong, Shambunzi, Leanshanhong, Dazixiang, Jindalai, Northeast Manshanhong

Origin

Medicinal Herbal Source: Leaves of Xing'an Dudu (兴安杜鹃鹃), Family Rhododendronaceae.

Latin Botanical and Animal Mineral Name: Folium Rhododendri daurici

Harvesting and Storage: harvested in autumn and winter, and dried in the sun

Original Form: Semi-evergreen shrubs, 1-2 m tall, with light gray bark. The bark is light gray. much branched, the branchlets are thin and curved, dark gray, with scales and pilose. Buds ovate, scales broadly ovate. Leaves alternate; petiole 2-5mm long, hirsute; leaf blade subleathery, clustered in upper part of branchlets, elliptic or ovate-oblong, 1-7cm long, 1-3cm wide, apex obtuse, mucronate, base cuneate, entire, dark green above, scattered white glandular scales, light green below, densely glandular scales. Rolled into a brief shape in winter, fragrant when rubbed. Flowers 1-4 on top of branches, opening before leaves, pink or purple-red; sepals short, divided, outside densely scaly; corolla funnel-shaped, ca. 1.8 cm, 5-lobed, externally pilose; stamens 10, protruding from corolla, filament bases pilose; ovary 1, densely glandular scales on wall of ovary, style longer than petals, persistent. Capsule oblong, ca. 1.2 cm, apex dehiscent. Fl. May-June, fr. July-Aug.

Habitat Distribution

Ecology: Born on mountain ridges, slopes and acidic soils under forests.

Resource distribution: distributed in Heilongjiang, Jilin, Inner Mongolia and other places.

Cultivation

Biological Characteristics Strong adaptability. Soil to acidic or neutral sandy loam or clay loam soil cultivation is better, should not be cultivated on alkaline soil.

Cultivation techniques Propagation by division. Suitable for early spring or fall after the fall of the leaves divided, the mother plant dug out and separated, each bush has a branch, hole planting, 1 bush per hole, mulch compaction. Can also be propagated by seeding.

Field management During the growing period, attention should be paid to loosening the soil, weeding, and attention should be paid to drainage during the rainy season. Leaves are collected in fall and winter and dried in the sun or in the shade.

Traits

Trait Identification The leaf blade is mostly rolled back into a tube, and some of them are crumpled and broken. The complete leaf blade is long elliptic or long obovate when spread flat, 2-7.5cm long, 1-3cm wide, apex obtuse, base nearly rounded or broadly cuneate, entire, upper surface dark green to brownish green, scattered light yellow glandular scales, lower surface grayish green, glandular scales are very much, the main veins protruding from the bottom, lateral veins 4-6 pairs. Petiole 3-10mm long, subleathery. Aromatic and peculiar, slightly bitter, slightly pungent flavor.

The one with complete leaf blade and dark green color is better.

Microscopic identification Leaf surface view: upper and lower epidermal cells perpendicular peripheral wall are slightly undulating curved. Upper epidermis with most unicellular non-glandular hairs, 60-240 μm long, about 8 μm in diameter; lower epidermis with most indeterminate stomata, and most large round glandular scales; chrysanthemum-like; glandular head consists of two layers of narrow cells radial, flat edge, 120-150 μm in diameter, the cells often contain droplets of oil; glandular stipe is short, transverse view of the view can be seen by the composition of 2-4 cells. In the thin-walled tissue and spongy tissue, there are most calcium oxalate clusters, about 8μm in diameter (Figure (2) Physicochemical identification (1) Take 5g of powder, add 50ml of ether, heat and reflux for 1h, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue with sodium carbonate saturated solution of 10ml, put on a water bath and heat to make dissolution, add sodium chloride and anhydrous sodium carbonate 1g each, shaking, filtration, filtrate with hydrochloric acid to adjust the pH to 2-3 Filtered, precipitated, washed with water until the wash solution is neutral, from the filter paper with ether 4ml to dissolve. Take 1ml of ether solution, add an equal amount of ethanol and shake well, divided into 2 parts, one with a saturated solution of lead acetate 1-2 drops, shaking and placed, the precipitation of yellow crystals; the other add a small amount of magnesium powder with 4 drops of hydrochloric acid, shaking, showing a light red to light brown-red. (Check flavonoids) (2) Physicochemical identification Thin layer chromatography ① take 5g of crude leaf powder, add 1g of calcium carbonate, add 50ml of ethanol, reflux for 2h, the residue add 50ml of ethanol, reflux for 1h, combined filtrate, half of the amount, concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, the residue is washed with hot water, concentrated to 5ml, extracted with ethyl acetate, dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtrate, concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, residue is dissolved in methanol 0.5ml, as a test solution, as a sample solution, and the residue is dissolved in methanol 0.5ml. The residue was dissolved in methanol 0.5 ml, as a test solution, and the other take chrysin, quercetin as a control, were spotted on the same polyamide film, chloroform-methanol-butanone-acetate acetone (16:10:5:1) unfolded 8cm, placed in the ultraviolet lamp (254nm) under the examination. The chromatogram of the test article shows spots of the same color in the corresponding positions with the chromatogram of the control article. ② take ① retained half amount of ethanol extract, concentrated under reduced pressure to 5ml, add an equal amount of distilled water, and then add a sufficient amount of lead acetate saturated aqueous solution, filtration, filtrate with sodium sulfate saturated aqueous solution of lead, filtration, filtrate concentrated to 5ml, with chloroform thermal extraction for 30min, dehydrated with anhydrous sodium sulfate, evaporated to dryness, the residue is dissolved in methanol 0.25ml, as a test solution, and the other with the invasive toxin-1, scopoletin as a control, respectively, spot the test product. As a control, were spotted on the same silica gel G plate, hexane-methanol-ethyl acetate (5:1:4) unfolding 20cm, with 10% antimony trichloride chloroform solution color; placed in the ultraviolet lamp (254nm) under the examination. The chromatogram of the test article of the Shao Shan Bai in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control article, showing the same color spots. Manzanhong, Liexiang azalea, purple azalea only in the corresponding position and the control scopoletin, showing the same color spot.

Quality mark "Chinese People's *** and State Pharmacopoeia" 1995 edition: the product according to the dry product, containing total flavonoids to rutin (C27H30O16), shall not be less than 2.0%.

Chemical composition of leaves containing flavonoids: hyperoside (hyperoside), isohyperoside (isohyperoside), azaleasin (farrerol), 8-dimethyl azaleasin (8-demethyl farrerol), kaempferol, quercetin (quercetin), myricetin [1], azaleatin, dihy-droquercetin, gossypetin [2]; coumarins: scopoletin, umbelliferone [3]. umbelliferone) [3]; phenolic acids: vanillic acid, p-hydroxy-benzoic acid, gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, protocatechuic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid [4]. protocatechuic acid, butyric acid (syringicacid), rhododendrol (rhododendrol), etc. [2], as well as hydroquinone (hydroquinone) and traces of travelling wood toxin (andromedotoxin) [3]. It also contains volatile oils of germacrone, juniper camphor, menthol, eudesmol, eudesmol and 4-phenyl-butan-2-one [2], as well as hydroquinone and traces of andromedotoxin [3]. -2-one) [4]. Another 24 components were identified from the volatile oil using two qualitative methods, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-computer coupled with chromatographic retention index, of which the main component was cis-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7,2,0]-4-undecadienne (cis-4,11,11-trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7,2,0]-4-undecadienne) [5]. -trimethyl-8-methylenebicyclo[7,2,0]-undeca-4-ene), humulene ( humulene), γ-selinene, γ-elemene, geranylgeranyl ketone and hinoki brain [5].

Pharmacological effects

1. Cough suppressant, asthma expectorant effect in mice po5mg of geranylgeranyl ketone its analgesic effect is comparable to codeine 2mg, ip large geranylgeranyl ketone has the effect of antagonizing histamine-induced bronchospasm in guinea pigs. Azadirachtin is the main active ingredient in the treatment of bronchitis by Manzan Hong, and the single symptom efficacy of expectoration is the highest, followed by cough suppression, and asthma suppression is poor. Rabbit trachea injected a small amount of ink, in vivo observation of its running speed in order to determine the tracheal cilia transport mucus speed, ip azaleasin can be made to transport speed significantly accelerated, in line with the conclusion of the clinical expectorant.

2. Anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effects This product contains guaiacao, (Guaiazulene) has anti-inflammatory and excitatory uterine effects, can be used as an anti-inflammatory agent. Azaleasin has antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, MIC25ug/ml. butyric acid and vanillic acid also have antibacterial and fungal effects, anisic acid also has antiseptic and antibacterial effects.

3. Antihypertensive and diuretic effects: Traveling wood toxin has antihypertensive effect on anesthetized catsiv. Although it has antihypertensive effect on anesthetized dogs, but the duration is very short, and it is easy to produce rapid tolerance. Platycodin iv 0.5mg/kg, diuretic effect on anesthetized dogs, the effect increases with the dose. In the rat test, no matter po or ip34mg/kg can produce significant diuretic effect, the intensity of the effect is not as strong as aminophylline, but its toxicity is only aminophylline 1/4, so its therapeutic index is larger.

4. Analgesic effect Traveling wood toxin has a certain analgesic effect, the minimum analgesic index of 8.60. scopoletamine can greatly enhance its analgesic effect, while the toxicity of no significant effect. Atropine can slightly enhance the analgesic effect of this product. In addition, travelling xylotoxin has weak cytotoxic activity, ED50 is 60ug/ml, and its toxicity is large in vivo.

5. Central inhibitory effect Syringic acid has sedative and local anesthetic effect, its effect has a dose-dependent relationship.

6.Effect on tissue respiration Azaleatin can inhibit the respiration of rat trachea-lung tissue in vitro, so that the oxygen consumption is reduced by about 26.4%, mainly in the enzyme system of pyridine nucleotide.

Toxicity

Toxicity The LD50 (g/kg) of volatile oil I was 6.74, that of geranylgeranyl ketone was 0.97, that of rhododendron was 1.5, that of water-soluble portion of the drug was 69.9g of the drug/kg by intraperitoneal injection in mice, and that of guinea-pig by intravenous instillation was 59.6g of the drug/kg. The total effective fraction of Manzanhong was administered orally to dogs and rats at 5-fold (0.118g/kg) and 50-fold (1.185g/kg) increase in human dosage for 60 and 20 days, and no drug-induced pathomorphological changes were observed in the organs except for the inhibition of body weight gain. Two dogs in each group were orally administered 150 or 75 mg/kg of azaleasin or 50 mg/kg of geranylgeranyl ketone per day for 24-25 days. During the experimental process, the general condition, movement and appetite were normal, body weight fluctuation was not obvious, and there was no obvious change in routine blood tests and blood non-protein nitrogen, but one dog in each of the high-dose azaleasin group and the geranylgeranyl ketone group showed an increase in serum gammaglutamyltransaminase, and there was obvious infiltration of the liver in pathologic sections. There were obvious infiltration foci on pathologic sections. However, in rats given 140 or 70 mg/kg of geranylgeranyl ketone daily for 30-60 days, no pathological changes were seen in the histologic examination of the organs, except for the inhibition of body weight gain. In rabbits, 30 or 66g of raw drug/kg of the water-soluble portion was instilled daily for 10 or 14 days***, with no significant changes in body weight, liver function and electrocardiogram, and there was no significant difference between the heart, liver and kidney pathologic sections and those of the control group. For its pharmacologic effects, see the article on Haunted Goat Flower.

The LD50 of the travelling xylotoxin in mice ip is about 1.3mg. The LD50 of the mouse ip is 1.73g/kg. After poisoning, it died due to respiratory arrest caused by clonic convulsions. The LD50 of azurin mouse po is 1500±23mg/kg, the poisoning symptoms are extreme dilatation of peripheral vasculature, ****济失调, and death due to convulsions. Canine subacute toxicity showed that large doses (>150mg/kg) affect liver function, that the clinical trial amount, 50-100mg / times, 3 times a day is more appropriate. The LD50 of geranylgeranyl ketone in mice 1 time ig is 0.97g/kg. hydroquinone has a very strong urease inhibition. The po LD50 in rats is 320mg/kg. Taking 1g can cause tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, choking sensation, shortness of breath, bruising, convulsions, delirium, and defecation, and can be fatal if 5g is taken. Internal use can stimulate the gastrointestinal tract. Skin contact can produce dermatitis, longer exposure to hydroquinone in small doses of steam bubble environment so that the cornea of the eye yellow and cloudy.

Identification thin-layer chromatography identification of traveler's toxin (see Zhaoshan Bai item)

Concoction purification: to remove impurities; cut: to remove impurities, moistened with water.

Organic flavor: pungent; bitter; cold; slightly toxic

Corresponding to the lung meridian

Functions and Indications: Suppressing cough; expectorant. Main acute and chronic bronchitis

Use and dosage Internal use: decoction, 15-30g; or steeped in wine.

Annexed prescription for chronic bronchitis: two two of the crude powder of Man Shan Hong Ye, one catty of white wine, immersed in seven days of filtration, 15-20 ml per dose, three times a day. (Heilongjiang Manual of Commonly Used Traditional Chinese Medicines)

Discussions of various schools

1.

2. Handbook of Commonly Used Traditional Chinese Medicines in Northeast China: relieving cough and phlegm. Cure chronic bronchitis, cough.

Clinical application in the treatment of chronic bronchitis: clinical observation has proved that it has better effect on simple type, and worse effect on wheezing type and combined emphysema. Cough effect is remarkable, expectorant second, asthma is poor, anti-inflammatory effect is not strong, can not prevent colds. Usage: 1, daily dose equivalent to 50-1O0 grams of raw water-soluble crude extract: some cases add Man Shan Hong volatile oil, 0.5-1 ml per day. 10 days for a course of treatment. 596 patients after 1-3 courses of observation, the recent effective rate of 80.3-90.7%, the effective rate of 27.9-51.5%. There were 48 cases of recent control, 166 cases of significant effect, 299 cases of improvement and 83 cases of ineffectiveness, with an average effective rate of 86.1%, and above 35.9% of significant effect. Experience has proved that the daily dose of 50 grams of the equivalent of raw medicine and 100 grams of the efficacy of the daily service is not much difference, and the side effects are significantly reduced and alleviated. Generally two courses of treatment is more appropriate, prolong the course of treatment, increase the dose does not significantly improve the efficacy. Increase a certain amount of volatile oil can improve the efficiency. Second, the extraction of the active ingredient of Manzanjiang made of capsules, take 3 times a day, each time 2 capsules. According to 248 people observed the results of 10 days, the efficiency of 82%, the apparent efficiency of 38%. There are also used red manzan red mainly composed of compound formula for treatment, seems to improve the efficacy of the single obscurantist. For example, with the red with scutellaria baicalensis, andrographis paniculata, platycodon grandiflorus treatment of the effective rate of 88%, of which more than 52% of the apparent effect; with the red with red water extract and volatile oil, and the wide ground dragon, aster, 920 composition of the compound treatment (107 cases, six courses of treatment), the effective rate of 96%, of which more than 71.0% of the apparent effect. Side effects: mainly manifested as gastrointestinal reactions, such as dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, stomach pain, loss of appetite, diarrhea and dizziness, headache, etc., which are generally not serious and can disappear on their own after 1-3 days. Clinically, it is also observed that taking the water-soluble crude extract of Manzan Hong has a mild short-term hypotensive effect; more than half of the cases caused by heart rate slowing; taking the equivalent of 100 grams of the raw material of a small number of cases appeared in the electrocardiogram changes, the original liver function or urinary abnormalities of some cases have a tendency to aggravate. The daily dose of 50 grams of the equivalent, only individual cases of electrocardiogram changes, liver and kidney function have no significant impact.

Source: Handbook of Chinese Herbs Commonly Used in Northeast China

Pinyin Name: Mǎn Shān Hónɡ

Alias: Yingshanhong, Yingshanhong, Shambunzi, Leanshanhong ("Handbook of Chinese Herbs Commonly Used in Northeast China").

The source is the leaves of Xing'an Azalea, family Rhododendronaceae. It is harvested in fall and winter and dried in the sun.

Original form perennial evergreen shrub, 1 to 2 meters high. Multi-branched, brittle; branchlets thin and curved, dark gray; young branches brown, hairy. Leaves alternate, mostly clustered at the top of branches; nearly leathery; ovate-oblong or oblong, 1-5 cm long, 1-1.5 cm wide, rolled up into a long tube in winter, rubbed with aroma, apex obtuse, or hard-pointed due to midvein protruding, base cuneate, entire, dark green above, scattered white glandular scales, light green below, with glandular scales. Flowers 1 to 4 borne on the tops of the branches, opening by the foliage, purplish-red; sepals small, hairy: corolla funnel-shaped; stamens 10, filaments pilose at the base: wall of the ovary with white glandular scales, style longer than the petals, persistent. Capsule oblong, dehiscing by the tip. Flowering period May to June. Fruiting July to August.

Habitat distribution is found on mountain ridges, slopes, and acidic soil in forests. Distributed in the northeast and Inner Mongolia and other places.

Chemical composition

Contains tannins, reducing substances, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids, neutral resins, acidic resins, oils and volatile oils.

The leaves contain a variety of flavonoids, including azaleasin, azalea ethanol, chrysin, pianoside, azalea flavin, cotton-dermatin, poplar bark and dihydroquercetin.

Leaves contain volatile oil 0.135-0.94 ml/100g. One of the effective components for cough, expectorant for large geranylgeranyl ketone. Also contains eucalyptin, guaiacum azulene and stilbene, celery alkane and humulene hydride.

In addition, the leaves also contain other components such as phenols. These components are hydroquinone, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, butyric acid, azulenol, coumarins and travelling wood toxins.

The shoots also contain triterpenoids such as ursolic acid. The stems and fruits also contain tannins.

Pharmacological effects

①Anti-cough effect

Electrical stimulation of guinea pigs or cats supraglottic nerve and concentrated ammonia spray stimulation of mice cough induced method proved that, Manzanjiang ethanol or water extracted preparations and the volatile oil orally or intraperitoneally injected have a cough suppressant effect. In mice, oral administration of 10 mg of volatile oil I or 5 mg of geranylgeranyl ketone was comparable to the cough-suppressant effect of 2 mg of codeine. The site of cough suppressant effect is likely to be in the brainstem part of the center, cough suppressant dose on the respiratory center of the animal has a certain inhibitory effect. Azelaicin, on the other hand, has no cough suppressant effect.

②Expectorant effect

Manshan Hong aqueous solution of wine, to the rabbit gavage, there is a significant expectorant effect (increase in respiratory secretion), rabbits and mice phenol red method has also proved that the volatile oil and water-soluble portion of the significant expectorant effect of geranylgeranyl ketone (orally) is ineffective, azaleasin, whether orally or intraperitoneally injected with a significant effect. Rabbit trachea injected a small amount of ink, in vivo observation of its running speed to determine the speed of tracheal cilia transport mucus, intraperitoneal injection of azaleasin can be made to transport the speed of significantly accelerated, in line with the clinic above, patients with tracheitis after the use of sputum amount of drugs to reduce the easy to cough out of the effect. Desmethyl azaleasin is also an effective component of expectorant.

3 asthma effect

Rabbits intravenously injected with aqueous solution of Manzanjiang alcohol, can counteract acetylcholine-induced bronchospasm. Intraperitoneal injection of geranylgeranyl ketone, total de-volatile oil proposed and water-soluble part V in guinea pigs all have the effect of counteracting histamine-induced bronchospasm (histamine spray method).

④Effects on tissue respiration

In in vitro test, azulene can inhibit rat trachea - lung tissue respiration, so that the oxygen consumption is reduced by 26.4%, mainly in the enzyme system of pyridine nucleoside acid.

⑤Effect on cardiovascular system

A variety of rhododendron has digitalis-like cardiotonic effect (see the article of Haunted Goat Flower). Manchurian red infusion and tincture given to cats intravenously or by gavage, on the incumbent cat heart can make the rhythm slower, the amplitude of contraction increased, the effect of intravenous injection can last for 1.5 hours, the short only 30 minutes, gavage is longer lasting. For dogs with experimental cardiovascular insufficiency (repeated right-sided artificial pneumothorax, which increases venous and arterial pressure, slows blood flow, accelerates the heartbeat, does not eat, and electrocardiogram changes), Manzanar infusion and tincture can cause venous and arterial pressure to fall, slow the heartbeat, accelerate blood flow and return the electrocardiogram to normal. The guinea pig was intravenously perfused with saline solution of Manzanjiang red infusion, and sinus rhythm was gradually slowed down on the electrocardiogram, P-R interval was gradually prolonged, and the second degree of atrioventricular block appeared as the dosage of the drug was increased, and there was a mild decrease of the S-T segment, and a prolongation of the Q-T interval in the T-pieces of the T-pieces of the T-pieces of the T-pieces of the T-pieces of the T-pieces. Finally sinus arrest, which does not appear to occur when taken orally.

6 In vivo process

After oral administration of geranylgeranyl ketone to mice, the drug was rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and 1 hour after oral administration to rats, the content of various organs and tissues was the highest in the liver, and then the spleen, the heart, the kidneys, the brain, the blood, the muscles, and the lungs in descending order. In mice, the drug content in the body decreased sharply between 1 and 6 hours after the drug was administered, and there was no prodrug in the urine. Rat isolated tissue temperature incubation test proved that the liver can make the drug recovery rate greatly decreased, suggesting that the drug in vivo by the liver and other tissues destroyed. The total effective fraction of Manshanhong was administered orally to dogs and rats at 5-fold (0.118 g/kg) and 50-fold (1.185 g/kg) increase of the human dosage for 60 and 20 days, respectively, and no drug-induced pathomorphic changes were observed in the organs except for the inhibition of body weight gain. Two dogs in each group were orally administered 150 or 75 mg/kg of azelaicin or 50 mg/kg of big geranylgeranyl ketone per day for 24 to 25 days, ****served for 24 to 25 days, and during the experiment, the condition of one strand, action, appetite were normal, body weight fluctuation was not obvious, and there was no obvious change in the routine blood test and blood non-protein nitrogen, but there was an increase in serum glutamic aminotransferase in each of the high-dose azelaicin group and the big geranylgeranyl ketone group, and liver There were obvious infiltration foci on pathologic sections. However, in rats given 140 or 70 mg/kg of geranylgeranyl ketone daily for 30-60 days, no pathological changes were seen in the histologic examination of the organs, except for the suppression of body weight gain. Rabbits were infused with water-soluble portions of 30 or 66 g of the raw drug/kg daily for *** 10 or 14 days, with no significant changes in body weight, liver function, or electrocardiograms, and no significant differences between the b, liver, or kidney pathology sections and those of the control group.

Clinical side effects are slight, but long-term use of Manzanjiang may have a certain effect on the liver. It should be emphasized. The toxic components are mainly traveler's toxin. For its pharmacological effects, see the article of the haunting goat flower.

Taste and odor "Northeastern Chinese herbal medicine manual": bitter, cold.

Functions and Indications

1) "Heilongjiang Manual of Commonly Used Traditional Chinese Medicines": chronic bronchitis, bronchial wheezing.

② "Northeast Manual of Commonly Used Traditional Chinese Medicines": cough, expectorant. Chronic bronchitis, cough.

Use and dosage for internal use: decoction (fresh), 0.5 to 1 tael.

Accompanying prescription for chronic bronchitis: two taels of red leaves rent, one catty of white wine, immersed in seven days of filtration; 15-20 ml per serving, three times a day. (Heilongjiang manual of commonly used Chinese herbs)

Clinical application of the treatment of chronic bronchitis:Clinical observation has proved that the simple type of good efficacy, on the wheezing type and the combination of emphysema is less effective. Cough effect is remarkable, expectorant second, asthma is poor, anti-inflammatory effect is not strong, can not prevent colds. Usage: A daily dose equivalent to 50 to 100 grams of water-soluble crude extract of raw medicine; some cases with the addition of Man Shan Hong volatile oil, 0.5 to 1 ml per day. 10 days for a course of treatment. 596 cases of patients after 1 to 3 courses of observation, the recent effective rate of 80.3 to 90.7%, the apparent efficiency of 27.9 to 51.5%. There were 48 cases of recent control, 166 cases of significant effect, 299 cases of improvement and 83 cases of ineffectiveness, with an average effective rate of 86.1%, and 35.9% above significant effect. Experience has proved that the daily dose of 50 grams of the equivalent of raw medicine and 100 grams of the daily dose of the efficacy of the difference is not significant, and the side effects are significantly reduced and alleviated. Generally to two courses of treatment is more appropriate, extend the course of treatment, increase the dose and can not significantly improve the efficacy, increase a certain amount of volatile oil can improve the efficiency. Two extracts of the active ingredient of the red manzanita made of capsules, 3 times a day, each time 2 capsules, according to 248 people observed the results of 10 days, the efficiency of 82%, the apparent efficiency of 38%. There are also used red manzan red mainly composed of a combination of treatment, seems to have improved the efficacy than a single flavor. For example, the effective rate of the treatment of Manzan Hong with Scutellaria baicalensis, Andrographis paniculata and Platycodon grandiflorus is 88%, of which 52% are above the apparent effect; the treatment of Manzan Hong with aqueous extract of Manzan Hong and volatile oils, and the composition of a compound formula of Guangdilong, Aster, and 920 (107 cases, six courses of treatment) has an effective rate of 96%, of which 71.0% are above the apparent effect. Side effects: mainly manifested as gastrointestinal reactions, such as dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, stomach upset, stomach pain, loss of appetite, diarrhea and dizziness, headache, etc., are generally not serious, and can disappear on their own after 1 to 3 days. Clinical also observed that taking the water-soluble crude extract of Manzan Hong has a mild short-term hypotensive effect; more than half of the cases caused by heart rate slowing; taking the equivalent of 100 grams of the raw material of a small number of cases appeared electrocardiogram changes, the original liver function or urinary abnormalities of some cases have a tendency to aggravate. The daily dose of equivalent 50 grams, only individual cases of electrocardiogram changes, liver and kidney function are not significantly affected.

Alias northeastern full mountain red, welcome mountain red, leaning mountain red, landslide sub

Source This product is the dried leaves of Rhododendron dauricum L., family Rhododendronaceae, the roots are also used in medicine. It is harvested in summer and fall, dried in the shade, and the roots can be harvested at any time, used fresh or sliced and dried in the sun.

TraitsThis product is mostly rolled back into a tube, some crumpled and broken. The complete leaf blade is elliptic or long obovate after spreading flat, 2-7.5cm long, 1-3cm wide; the apex is obtuse, the base is nearly rounded or broadly cuneate, entire; the upper surface is dark green to brownish-green, scattered light yellow glandular scales; the lower surface is grayish-green, with a lot of glandular scales. Petiole 3-10mm long, subleathery. Gas aroma special, taste more bitter, slightly pungent.

Identification

(1) Transverse section of the leaves: upper epidermal cells are oblong, covered with cuticle, with glandular scales in the depression; lower epidermal cells are nearly round, with undulating walls, with stomata and glandular scales. Fenestrated cells in 2-3 rows, spongy cells analogous to orbicular. Main vein vascular bundles of double tough type, periphery with mesostyle sheath fibers discontinuously arranged in a ring, upper and lower epidermis with thick angular cells multilayered on the inner side, leaf veins with unicellular nonglandular hairs on the upper surface. Thin-walled cells and sponge cells contain calcium oxalate cluster crystals.

(2) Take 5g of crude powder, add 50ml of ethanol, ultrasonic treatment for 15 minutes, filtration, filtrate evaporation, residue plus 40% ethanol, 3 times on a water bath heated to dissolve, each time 10 ml, while hot, filtration, combined filtrate, evaporation of ethanol, the aqueous solution with ether extraction 2 times, each time 15 ml, combined with the ether solution, evaporation, residue plus methanol 1ml dissolved, as a test solution. The residue was dissolved with 1ml of methanol as test solution. Take 5g of Manzanhong control herb, and make control herb solution by the same method. Then take azaleasin control, add methanol to make a solution containing 1mg per 1ml, as the control solution. According to the thin layer chromatography (Appendix VI B) test, absorb the above three solutions of 5μl, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with toluene - ethyl acetate - formic acid (7:2:0.5) of the upper layer of the solution as the unfolding agent, placed in the pre-saturated 15 minutes in the unfolding cylinder, unfolding, remove, drying, sprayed with aluminum trichloride test solution, heating Until the color of the spots is clear, put under the ultraviolet lamp (365nm) to check. In the chromatogram of the test article, fluorescent spots of the same color were shown in the corresponding positions of the chromatogram of the control article and the control herb.

The flavor is pungent, bitter, warm.

Attributes to the lung and spleen meridians.

Functions

Leaves: cough, expectorant. Used for acute and chronic bronchitis, cough.

Root: antidiarrheal. Used for enteritis and dysentery.

Use and dosage 25-50g, water decoction; 6-12g, with 40% ethanol immersion.

Storage in a cool dry place, moisture, heat.

Excerpted from Chinese Pharmacopoeia

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