Find the history of Changzhou, feel the great change of the Dragon City Additional 100 points for good! The first time I've seen this, I've seen it in the past.

Can it, I'm looking for half a day (but by the way, understand a little Changzhou, also thank you)

1.Min Resident Alley

Changzhou is one of the famous historical towns of the Jiangnan water towns, so far about 2,500 years of history. The city is rich in remnants of various historical periods. Qingguo Alley is the best-preserved and most famous ancient street in Changzhou, which is the essence of the overall historical style of Changzhou. It not only preserves some historical relics of different historical periods, but also retains simple and beautiful traditional buildings and former residences of celebrities, coupled with the adjoining of the Old Canal, it has a charm of the Jiangnan water town, which is a rare piece of feng shui treasure land in Changzhou.

Qingguo Lane is located in the south part of the central part of the old city of Changzhou, east to the Peace Road Takuchu Bridge, the west side of the commercial center of the South Street, the south is the moat. In addition to the traditional Ming and Qing Dynasty residences built of green bricks on both sides of the lane, there are also a large number of former residences of celebrities with high historical and cultural values, such as the former residence of Liu Guojun, a patriotic industrialist, and the former residence of Zhao Yuanren, a master of language, etc., which is the only place in Changzhou where the famous and prestigious families are gathered.

2. Food Culture

Changzhou snacks have both local traditional characteristics, as well as Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other flavors, with a wide range of materials, fillings, salty and sweet, meat and vegetarian, fine production, and enjoy a good reputation.

Crab steamed buns were firstly created in the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty by the Wanhua Tea House along the south side of the Xiaohe Bridge. It is characterized by crab oil, fat but not greasy, crab aroma, fresh juice, thin skin, tender and smooth filling, with vinegar, ginger, and its taste is very good.

Marijuana cake Changzhou marijuana cake, is a unique taste and flavor of a large oval shaped cake, but also Changzhou people's favorite home-cooked traditional food. It is made of white flour, high-quality sesame, sugar, salt and other raw materials, and is refined through a number of processes, such as mixing, stirring, kneading, stuffing, shaping, baking and so on. There are two flavors, salty and sweet, for buyers to choose. Qualified hemp cake out of the oven, the aroma is rich and pungent, color and lustre yellow and not burnt, salty and sweet moderate and not greasy, crispy and delicious and not brittle, color, aroma and taste are good. In the past, Changzhou marijuana cake for the local people for breakfast to eat. Nowadays, after reform and innovation, carefully packaged, beautiful appearance, and easy to carry, become a necessary gift for people visiting friends and relatives.

Crab shell yellow crab shell yellow is a local flavor of Changzhou snacks, commonly known as small hemp cake, often matched with marijuana cake for gifts. Its filling has four kinds of capers, green onion oil, sugar, soybean paste and so on. Its characteristics: shape like a crab shell, golden color, more oil is not greasy, crispy and fluffy, sweet sugar filling mellow, salty filling taste fresh.

Chicken soup and vegetable meat wontons Chicken soup and vegetable meat wontons is a special snack in Changzhou, with a history of more than 40 years. Its characteristics: smooth skin, fresh filling, fat and not greasy, delicious flavor.

Wine Stuffed Lanterns Wine Stuffed Lanterns is one of the special snacks of Changzhou, the folk custom of eating Lanterns during the Spring Festival. 100 years ago, Pei Yugao in the traditional Lanterns with wine, the first wine stuffed Lanterns. Characteristics: the ball is like a jade grain, wine aroma, unique flavor, sweet and refreshing.

The Silver Silk Noodle is a specialty of Changzhou with a history of more than 30 years. The ingredients are well-prepared, and the operation process is strict, with the noodles as thin as silk, white like silver, soft and smooth, full of toughness, not paste, etc., for the "Chinese Snacks Spectrum" collection of one of the varieties.

Sesame Sugar Changzhou sesame sugar has a long history and unique flavor. Legend has it that as early as in the Tang Dynasty, the local people began to caramel, sesame, making a production of sesame sugar in the shape of a doughnut, called doughnut sugar. To the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the smoke of wolves, the Jin soldiers invaded the south. Kang Wang Zhaojiu fled from the capital of Bianliang, Jiangnan, a compromise and seek peace, do not want to recover the lost land in the north. The people were very angry about this. At that time, some people wrote a poem saying: "Beyond the mountains, beyond the green hills, beyond the buildings, when will the West Lake songs and dances stop? Warm wind smoked tourists drunk, straight Hangzhou for Bianzhou!" to vent their dissatisfaction. Changwu area of the people, is another form to express the desire to recover the lost land against the gold. They changed the round ball-shaped hemp ball candy into a cannon like cylinder, sent to the King of Kang, in order to inspire his courage to fight against the gold to restore the country. As for the Kang Wangzhao Gong has not been inspired by and get the courage, do not know, but, Changzhou sesame sugar from this made into a cylindrical shape, continued to this day. Changzhou sesame candies are made with fine materials. Requirements for sesame seeds stained full of skin, the two ends of the seal does not leak filling. Sugar layer up the hole is not stiff, taste sweet and crispy not sticky teeth, color white and bright very uniform, thickness and length of the general Qi, a catty just twenty sticks. Indeed is a good gift for home travel, gifts to friends and relatives.

Dried radish has been to Changzhou will say: "Changzhou has a strange, dried radish as a drink." Authentic dried radish in Changzhou is indeed different from dried radish elsewhere, which is selected as raw material of sweet and tender solid red radish produced in Xinzha outside the west gate of Changzhou, washed and cut into strips, moderately dried, and then added appropriate amount of salt, sugar and a variety of auxiliaries, and carefully pickled. Due to the excellent selection of materials, the use of unique pickling process, and with the flavor of the chic condiments. Therefore, Changzhou dried radish has a reddish color in yellow, salty but not quam, slightly sweet in salty, crispy and not spicy, very tasty. Moreover, it is inexpensive and convenient to carry. It is not only a small dish for people's meals, but also a pastime food for drinking and after meals. If you buy the authentic Changzhou products, customers will be very happy.

Shrimp cake has a history of nearly 200 years. Yuan Mei, a Qing Dynasty writer, wrote in his "Food List in the Garden", "Shrimp Cake, raw shrimp meat, green onion, salt, pepper, sweet wine feet a little, add water and noodles, sesame oil burned through." The color is golden, crispy outside and soft inside, fresh and delicious.

Horseshoe pastry Qing Xianfeng ten years after the Taiping army captured Changzhou, the folk appeared in the shape of a horse's hooves of shortbread, intended to glorify the achievements of the Taiping army. Horseshoe cakes are made of fine white flour, cotton sugar, soybean oil and other raw materials, and are baked in a traditional oven. The color is golden, sweet and fluffy. Has been included in the "Chinese famous dishes recipe".

Three fresh wontons are filled with shrimp, fresh mackerel and fresh pork, so it is called "three fresh". The wonton skin is made of fine white flour mixed with egg white, and the wonton soup is simmered with fresh hen to make chicken soup. The wonton skin is thin and smooth, the filling is tender, and the soup is clear and flavorful.

Yi Long Vegetarian HamYi Long Vegetarian Ham was founded in 1932 and is famous for making vegetarian snacks. Yilong vegetarian ham is the traditional specialties of Changzhou City Yilong Vegetarian Restaurant. This product is made of excellent materials, advanced formula, scientific production process, supplemented with a variety of natural precious spices and natural coloring refined. The product is aromatic, dry and fresh, tough and soft, flavorful and refreshing, cut into thin slices, drizzled with sesame oil, similar to ham meat, is a meal, wine, travel dishes, but also a gift to friends and relatives of the best. 1989 won the Ministry of Commerce of the high-quality food "Golden Tripod" award, is one of the top ten famous spots in Changzhou City.

Tianmu Lake Fish Head in CasseroleTianmu Lake Fish Head in Casserole: created in Jiangsu Province, Tianmu Lake Hotel, Jiangsu Province, by the special chef Zhu Shuncai nearly thirty years of careful cooking, is now known as Jiangsu's best traditional dishes, and has become the world of China's gastronomy of a strange flower. Cooking Tianmu Lake casserole fish head, choose Tianmu Lake water body in the natural breeding of big chub fish head as raw materials, pure natural Tianmu Lake water as soup base, coupled with the unique cooking technology processed, due to the clear waters of Tianmu Lake not only around the mountain green vegetation filtered lake water, and the bottom of the lake for the sandy rather than silt, this unique natural environment created Tianmu Lake water is clear, sweet, untainted, so which grows the fish are also There is no earthy odor. Therefore, Tianmu Lake casserole fish head with its finished product "fresh and not fishy, fat and not greasy," the excellent quality of the majority of food lovers praise.

Douzhai cake Douzhai cake: a food made of white bird cowpeas, such as the size of a coin, Changzhou region used for ancestor worship of vegetarian dishes, so called Douzhai cake. It is a famous dish unique to Changzhou. Money Cake: A large shaped bean cake with minced meat in the center for cooking, a local specialty unique to Changzhou. Douzhai Cake is a kind of soybean product made of cowpea, and its production process is only passed down in Changzhou, and it is hard to find its traces after leaving Changzhou. The term "Douzhai Cake" is of course invented by the people of Changzhou, and it is a local dialect of Changzhou. Legend has it that Emperor Qianlong went south before and after the six driving tour of Changzhou, has been in Changzhou, the scholar Qian Weicheng family tasted the bean cake, think there is a different flavor. Later, the emperor returned to the capital palace, miss the Changzhou Douzhai cake, and the palace chef is how not to do Changzhou Douzhai cake.

3. Folk crafts:

Root carving, Jintan paper carving, comb, needle embroidery, Han painting brick carving screen, stay green bamboo carving.

4 Scenic spots

Tianning Temple

called "the first jungle in the southeast"; Red Plum Pavilion, Dongpo ink stone-washing pool, the old pavilion of vine flowers, Tang Jingchuan Tomb, the ruins of the Royal Palace of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the ruins of the village of Weidun, Qu Qiubai Memorial Hall, the ruins of the Spring and Autumn Drowning City, the Southern Tianning Pagoda towards the Wenpen Pagoda, the Northern Song Dynasty, Su Dongpo, the mooring pavilion, Liyang Wu Chunong Pavilion, the Northern Song Dynasty, the Northern Song Dynasty and the Southern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty. Pavilion, Liyang Wu Chu Farming Culture Park, Tianmu Lake Taigong Mountain, Changzhou Asia Film and Television City, Nanshan Bamboo Sea, South Street, Dongpo Park, China Aurora Museum, Grate Alley, Changzhou Hengshanqiao Town, Jingchuan Park, Gao Jingyuan, Orchid Garden, Near Garden, Wujin Helu City, Zhang Tailei's former residence, Lushu Park, Lemon Metropolis International Commercial Street, Qingguo Alley, the north bank before and after the New Fourth Army's South Command, Jintan Longshan Pagoda, Jintan Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Dai Wangfu, Hengshan Bailongguan, Yilin Park, Gu Longshan, Liyang Nanyang Bridge, Longtan Forest Park, Yanling Road, Yanghu Square, Ge Hu Root Art Museum, Hua Luogeng Memorial Hall, Zhang Tai Lei's former residence, Shi Liang's former residence, Zhao Yi's former residence, Changzhou Museum, Taihu Lake Bay Tourism Resort. In recent years, Changzhou speed up the development of tourism resources, launched the Chinese Dinosaur Park, Liyang Tianmu Lake Tourism Resort, Jintan Maoshan Scenic Area and so on. Tianning Temple, a thousand-year-old temple, is a key protected temple in China and a cultural relics protection unit in Jiangsu Province, and is known as "the first jungle in the southeast". It was built during the Yonghui period (650-655) of the Tang Dynasty, with a history of more than 1300 years. The founding master of Tianning Temple was Zen Master Falong, and Qianlong visited Tianning Temple three times to take incense and inscribed the temple with a plaque and couplets of "Dragon City and Elephant Teaching". Here all day long incense, visitors such as clouds, is now a national key protection temple. Tianning Temple has eight halls, twenty-five halls, twenty-four buildings, three rooms, two pavilions *** 497 premises, a total area of more than 110 acres. Tianning Temple is known as the jungle, said to be because of the temple hall high, Buddha statues, monks numerous and famous at home and abroad. Tianning Temple mainly consists of the Heavenly King Hall, Lohan Hall, Daxiongbao Hall, Wanghai Guanyin, Jade Buddha Hall, release pool and other attractions. (Transportation: the railway station can be reached by No. 11 or 30.)

Dinosaur Park of China

It is the first phase of the development launched in Changzhou Modern Tourism and Leisure Zone. The Dinosaur Hall of China has a total area of 14,000 square meters, with the highest dome of 36 meters and the highest dragon head of 71 meters, which is a landmark of Changzhou Tourism for its grand space and distinctive architectural language.

The Dinosaur Museum of China is equipped with five main halls and six auxiliary halls, each of which is interconnected through logical routes, divided and interconnected, taking the history of biological evolution as the background of the design, focusing on the conceptualization of the dinosaurs from survival, reproduction, evolution until the destruction of the main line, which reveals the interdependence of life and the environment, and the profound theme that human beings must protect the ecological environment.

The use of scenarios to create means to splash waterfalls, cold rocks, waterless ocean, dense jungle, flooded caves, etc., to reproduce the unique living environment of the Mesozoic era. The fossil display is not the same as each other, through the use of high-tech means and sound and light, combined with film and television imaging, cartoon animation, dinosaur modeling, online games and various types of scientific and technological production, so that the Chinese Dinosaur Museum breaks through the traditional concept of "museum", and becomes a shocking set of museums, popular science, viewing, amusement, and participation in one of the modern new dinosaur museums. The museum is a new type of modern dinosaur museum, which integrates museum, science popularization, viewing, amusement and participation.

The park is equipped with more than 20 exciting and dynamic entertainment projects around the Dinosaur Museum, such as through the Jurassic, Cretaceous three-dimensional labyrinth, Triassic Sound Magic Cave, Dinosaur Mountain Adventure, deserted beach rafting, dynamic three-dimensional film, high-altitude zipline, Rocket Man, Super Flyer, hot-air balloon, simulated rock-climbing, couples cycling, grass-slope rolling, seismic discs, horse-riding track, Parent-Child Park and water bikes, etc., which makes the tourists relax and forget. relax physically and mentally and linger on. (Transportation: Take No. 29 at the railway station or No. 302 at South Street.)

Nanshan Bamboo Sea

Nanshan Bamboo Sea ecotourism area is a pleasant environment, the mountains and the water reflect each other, the scenery is picturesque, and there is not a trace of pollution for miles around. Stroll through the Bamboo Sea look far and wide, endless bamboo leaning against the mountain holding stone, a thousand forms, shape sound majestic, chic; millennium old pine, the ancient plant, towering and straight, rare and magical; alpine mirror lake in the raft, Shandong between the gurgling stream and the shape of the bamboo hut, forming a rustic, rustic, primitive, natural and unique mood. There are also folk legends of Xianshantou, Jinniu Ling, Pot Bottom Mountain, ancient palace road and other human history, adding to the mystery of Nanshan Bamboo Sea, now open to the public attractions are: dam dyke Yinyue, bamboo rafts singing, safari, Snake Art Museum, mountain home, night camp, the ancient plants in the sky, a thousand years old pines, and so on. (Transportation: Take the Chinese bus from Liyang Bus Terminal to Li Jiayuan and get off at the entrance of the scenic spot. It takes about 15 minutes and 1 hour to drive.)

Tianmu Lake

Located eight kilometers south of Liyang City, there are two large national reservoirs, Shahe and Daxi, which is named "Tianmu Lake" because it is the remaining vein of Tianmu Mountain. The development and construction of Tianmu Lake started in 1992, which is a provincial tourism resort integrating forest vacation, agricultural tourism, environmental protection and lake recreation. At present has built the sheep mountain natural park tianmu lake, huli mountain park, report the grace of Zen temple, the top of the pavilion, shooting city, ocean world, water park and other tourist attractions, the lake around the mountains, the lake water is fresh and clean, between the painting as a checkerboard of the field, sparsely scattered tea plantations, everywhere is a picture of purely natural idyllic scenery, the lakeshore meanders and twists, the natural scenery and artificial embellishments to complement each other. Scenic area of ancient and famous trees, exotic flowers and plants, gestures. Wild boars, rabbits, pheasants, ducks and other wild animals live and reproduce, and make their own fun. Mountains, water, forests, birds and animals with life **** glory, constituting a strange ecological picture of nature.

The main attractions in the scenic area are Landscape Garden, Hydrangea Island, Scholar's Pavilion, Bird Island, Taigong Mountain, and the Zen Temple of Repayment.

Transportation: Changzhou bus station has a round-trip tourist shuttle bus directly to Tianmu Lake Scenic Spot on weekends; in Liyang city, you can take the No.9 bus directly to the scenic spot; by car, you can drive from Liyang Bus Terminal along the 241 Provincial Highway for about 8 kilometers to the Tianmu Lake Scenic Spot.

Drowned City Wild Animal World

Jiangsu Drowned City Wild Animal World is located in the beautiful and fertile Yangtze River Golden Triangle - Changzhou City, Wujin City Center, adjacent to the national key cultural relics protection units with the reputation of "China's first city of water", "Spring and Autumn Drowned City Ruins". It is adjacent to the national key cultural relics protection unit "Spring and Autumn Drowned City Ruins", 8 kilometers away from Changzhou city. The zoo is a large-scale comprehensive theme park featuring ecological free-ranging wild animals and integrating animal wildlife viewing, recreation, science education and ancient culture display. The first phase of the project covers an area of 2,000 acres, a total investment of 500 million yuan, in October 1, 2007 was officially completed and opened to the public. The park exhibits rare and endangered wild animals from all over the world **** more than 200 kinds of nearly 10,000 (only). So far, it is the only large-scale wildlife park in Jiangsu Province.

Dongpo Park

Dongpo Park (moorings) is located in the eastern part of Changzhou city, formerly known as Dongjiao Park, covers an area of 2.667 hectares, is a combination of ancient monuments and natural scenery of the south of the Yangtze River garden. In the Southern Song Dynasty, the people of Changzhou to commemorate the Northern Song Dynasty great writer Su Dongpo came to Changzhou, moored his boat here, and built the "boat mooring pavilion" as a memorial. When Emperor Kangxi and Emperor Qianlong visited Changzhou, they built the Wanshou Pavilion and rebuilt the Moorings Pavilion. The original name of the site of the moorings pavilion was Wencheng Dam. Legend has it that Changzhou has always been rich in humanities, and in order to keep Changzhou's talent from flowing eastward, a dam was constructed on the ancient Canal to make the river go eastward around a big bend. Su Dongpo traveled to Changzhou eleven times and ended up in Changzhou. But he really tied the boat here in fact only two times, one is 1073 years, he went from Hangzhou through Changzhou to Zhenjiang, had in the New Year's Eve boat wild overnight outside the city of the eastern suburb, and made 〈new year's eve wild overnight outside Changzhou〉 poem. Another time is 1101 years after he returned from Hainan, living in Gu Tang Qiaotou Sun's Hall, sick one day, the weather is hot, he was trying to "fast winds and living water", a wash of stagnation in the disease of depression, midnight canoeing east of the Canal to this boat. At this time, the clamped bank viewers for the blockade, the city sensation.

5. Humanistic care

Since ancient times, Changzhou people, famous people. There is the Spring and Autumn period, the famous politician, diplomat Ji Zha, "Zhaoming Wenxuan" compiler Xiao Tong, presided over the compilation of "Yongle Daxian" Chen Ji, the Qing Dynasty linguist Duan Yucai and thinker Gong Zizhen. From the Sui and Tang dynasties to the end of the Qing Dynasty, *** has produced 9 scholar, 1546 scholar.

In modern times, Li Baojia, author of "The Shape of Officialdom", the "Three Heroes of Changzhou", Qu Qiubai, Zhang Tailei, Yun Daiying, and the "Seven Gentlemen", such as Li Gongpu, Shi Liang, and a number of other political leaders and revolutionaries, have been reflected in the history books; Industrialists Sheng Xuanhuai and Liu Guojun, linguist Zhao Yuanren, mathematician Hua Luogeng, medical doctor Wu Jieping, and calligraphy and painting master Liu Haisu are all famous in China and abroad. At present, there are 56 Changzhou academicians in the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chinese Academy of Engineering. In the country ranked 4th.

There is Su Shi, Su Dongpo and Changzhou Yixing's affinity can be traced back as far as the second year of Song Renzong Jiayou.

In that year, Su Dongpo went to Beijing to catch the examination, the scholar and the first. At a gathering of his peers, he was joined at the same table by Jiang Yingshu (Zhiqi) and Shan Xie from Yixing County, Changzhou Prefecture, as well as Hu Zongfu from Wujin County. From the introduction of Jiang Zhiqi, Shan Xie and Hu Zongfu, Su Dongpo learned about the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan. He was mesmerized by the beautiful scenery of Jiangnan. In the sound of wine, he made a "chicken and millet appointment" to live in Yixing, Changzhou. However, due to youthful exuberance, Su Dongpo thought he had not yet realized his ambitions, so it was just a momentary whim, and not very serious, which can be seen from Su Dongpo and Jiang Zhiqi's poem:

The moonlight startled the magpies have not yet settled branches, a hitchhiker drifting in the shadows of the self with.

The autumn breeze on the river is infinitely good, and the spring dream in the pillow is not long.

The flowers and grasses of the forest are heard before, and the painting of the mountains and streams refers to the latter part of the year. The first time I saw it, it was a very good time for me to go back to my home.

I don't want to be a part of this, but I want to be a part of it.

Later, Su Dongpo also met the Changzhou Qian Gongfu, Qian Jiming (Shixiong) father and son, Hu Renshou, the temple elders, and Yixing Teng Yuanfa (Dadao), Shao Minzhan, Jiang Gongyu and other old friends.

Su Dongpo was relegated to Huangzhou for five years because of the "Wutai Poetry Case". It was not until the seventh year of Yuanfeng that he was pardoned

. The political ups and downs made his desire to retreat to the countryside and plow his own land even stronger. He decided to ask the court to let him stay in Changzhou, where the beautiful and rich land, mild and humid climate, and irreverent friends kept him in love.

He begged the court twice to allow him to live in Changzhou. He wrote in "Begging Changzhou Residence Table": "...... and the cost of exhaustion, not to go out of the land, and Ruzhou do not have a field to live. The worry of dogs and horses, hunger and cold for the urgent. ...... I have a thin field in Changzhou Yixing County, coarse to thick porridge, desire St. mercy, licensed to live in Changzhou."

When he learned that the court granted him to live in Changzhou, he cried tears of joy, and sang for his wish: "Return to the clear stream without bottom, on the thousands of referees Saga; painting the building on the east side of the sky far from the setting sun more."

Yuanfeng eight years May 22 Su Dongpo rate the whole family arrived in Changzhou depreciation. After several setbacks, Su Dongpo finally returned to this land of longing. He traveled all over the city of Changzhou. He left his poems in Taiping Temple and Jien'en Temple, etc.: "Six Flowers? Portuguese Buddha in the forest, nine sections of calamus on the stone immortal; how like Dongpo iron crutch, a moment of shock scattered wild fox Zen." "Jasper bowl contains red agate, well Hua water to raise stone calamus. Also know that the Dharma offerings endless, try to ask the Zen master to get satiated without."

Throughout Su Dongpo's life, and Changzhou formed an unbreakable bond. When Su Dongpo first came out of his hut, and in the examination and the first, with a number of Changzhou nationality with the examination of the students to become friends, they in front of the eyes of Su Dongpo to show a picture of the splendor of the Jiangnan scenery, so that he and his friends made a "chicken and millet of the date". However, although there is a vow of settlement, but after all, without careful consideration, is a letter to. Really to the Changzhou area, Su Dongpo realized that the charm of the water countryside and mountains, will be y attracted. When he left Huangzhou in his middle age, Su Dongpo twice on the table begging to live in Changzhou, and finally got his wish, from then on and Changzhou has formed an unbreakable bond. Even in the Yuanyou period, he was politically red, he also and Changzhou minister Hu Zong愈(完夫)promise: "I have been living in Vilings, and finish the appointment with Luli." He returned to the north, all the way all people warmly retained, and some even provide free accommodation, but he always firmly said: "but I edge in the southeast!" He finally returned to the soulful Changzhou. Finally realized his seven years of Xining in Changzhou in memory of Qian Gongfu in the "Lamentations" in the long-cherished wish: "South of the Yangtze River Ruoxi, Zhenze of the north. I traveled in all directions without returning, and passed away will this stop."

6. The Charm of the Wu Language

Sketch of the Changzhou Piece Dialect

Over the past one thousand years, Changzhoufu, as the center city of the western part of the Taihu Lake Basin in the south of the Yangtze River, has exerted a significant influence on the formation and development of the regional culture of the northwestern part of the Taihu Lake. Although the historical and political concept of Changzhoufu has disappeared, the Changzhou dialect remains an important historical witness to the culture of Changzhoufu.

The Changzhou dialect (Biling sub-dialect) is the core dialect of the northwestern part of the Taihu Lake sub-dialect of the Wu dialect, which covers the area along the Yangtze River to the west and north of Taihu Lake, to the east of Maoshan Mountain, to the west of Wuxi, and to the west of Yangzhong, and the important dialect points are Changzhou (Wujin), Yixing, Jiangyin (west), Liyang, (old) Jintan, Zhangjiagang (a part of the language), Gaochun (a part of the language), Jingjiang (a large part of the language), Nantong (a small part of the language), and other sub-dialect points. and other sub-dialect points.

Before the Spring and Autumn period and the Warring States period, the indigenous dialect of Changzhou belonged to the Baiyue type of language family. With the spread of the Central Plains culture to the south of the Yangtze River, by the Spring and Autumn period, the Central Plains language from the upper class tribesmen of the Zhou Dynasty and the Baiyue language of the indigenous people of the south of the Yangtze River were commonly spoken in parallel in the Changzhou area. Along with the continuous southward migration of northern residents, the phenomenon of bilingualism became more and more common in the Taihu Lake area, i.e., a kind of hybrid non-pure Chinese with Baiyue features in its phonology and word order. The conquest of the Wu-Yue region by Chu brought the ancient Chu language, which merged with the ancient Baiyue language to form the Jiangdong dialect, the originator of the modern southern dialects. Since then, the Chinese language, in the form of the Chu dialect, has entered the ancient Baiyue language area, including Changzhou, in large numbers, forming the "ancient Wu language".

Historically, there were frequent wars in the northern part of the country, and the people of the Central Plains moved southward across the river several times, so the Wu dialect area was gradually blended with a large number of cultural factors from the Central Plains. In the period of the two Jin Dynasty and the North and South Dynasties, as the ancient Wu dialect of Ningzhen (Nanjing and Zhenjiang) was replaced by the Central Plains dialect (which formed the later Jianghuai dialect), the responsibility of the northern edge of the Wu dialect was taken up by the Changzhou Prefecture. As a result, it is the Changzhou dialect that has suffered the most from the erosion of the Jianghuai dialect (the official dialect) among the Wu dialects.

During the "Long Hair" rebellion, Changzhou and its neighboring areas lost a large number of people, and there were many immigrants from the north of the Yangtze River along the Changzhou River and in the Jinliyishan area, forming some "dialect islands".

After the liberation, the movement of people became more active and frequent, and the Changzhou dialect was sharply impacted by Putonghua, and its local flavor was gradually diluted.

The unique characteristics of the Changzhou dialect

Without going into the linguistic phenomena that are the same as those in other parts of the Wu dialect, we will mainly talk about the unique linguistic characteristics of the Changzhou dialect.

(1) "Liao", the signature word of the Changzhou dialect

"Liao" is used very frequently in the Changzhou dialect, and it can appear many times in a sentence. For example, "介佬格红佬木头偶欢喜佬". It is usually used after nouns, verbs and adjectives to express different grammatical functions, some of which are equivalent to the structural auxiliary "的", such as "佬", "铁佬", "活动佬", "红佬", "甜佬", "小佬"(孩子)etc, and others express the anticipatory coloring of the identity of the person being emphasized, such as Some express anticipatory colors that emphasize identity, such as: good, happy, happy, happy, sea (a lot), etc.; some express questionable anticipation, such as: whine (what is it), real or fake; "佬" is also a constituent of the demonstrative pronouns: 既佬(這样子), 個佬(那样子). More interestingly, it can be used after the same word to express different grammatical meanings: "个格(那个)甜佬嘛糕真佬甜佬." It is also used in conjunction with "咧" to express the appearance of a situation or an action, such as "The apples are red," or "He can swim," or "He can swim,". ".

(2) "则", "格咧", "落", "煞" and so on are the special tone words of the Changzhou dialect.

The word "则" is used after the verb, which is equivalent to the Mandarin word "了", and in some cases indicates that the action has already been completed, such as "偶买则好欣东西咧" (I bought a good thing), Some of them indicate that the action has been completed, such as "I bought something good" and "I went to a class"; some of them indicate that the action continues, such as "I have been making a fuss, and I had a headache" and "The two of them are still sitting in their seats, so don't move"; and some of them have the function of indicating the future meaning of the action, such as "I will not move". Some of them also have the function of expressing the future meaning of the action, such as "go to wear the clothes, do not want to receive the shade". When "则" is used in conjunction with future time words, it expresses the past in future time. Based on the present, it expresses the relative past of the future time. For example, "I'll buy it for you when I go there later".

The words "格咧" and "落" are usually used at the end of a sentence to indicate the completion of an action, which is equivalent to "了". And "落" and "格咧" and "佬咧" can also be used in conjunction. For example, "He escaped." When used after a verb, "落" is equivalent to "掉" which indicates the result of an action, and "格咧" is equivalent to "了" which is used as a completion. "

"Fury" is used after an adjective as an inflection modifying the adjective with no specific meaning. For example, "I'm so mad at you".

Besides the above words, there is another body temperature pronoun unique to the Changzhou dialect, namely "嗲(底)", such as "嗲东西", i.e., "什么东西".

Three traces of the convergence of the Changzhou dialect to the official language

Over the past hundred years, on the basis of the continuous integration of neighboring dialects and foreign cultures, the convergence of the Changzhou dialect to the official language has taken a great step forward, and many people in old Changzhou exclaimed that the difference between the "new Changzhou dialect" and the "old Changzhou dialect" is not the same as the "new Changzhou dialect", but it is the same as the "old Changzhou dialect". Many old Changzhou people are surprised by the difference between "new Changzhou dialect" and "old Changzhou dialect". So, in what ways is the modern Changzhou dialect getting closer to the official language?

(a) The phenomenon of the clearing of the voiced consonants

In the older generation of Changzhou people (over 60 years old), the whole clear, sub-clear, and the whole turbid are distinct and strongly felt, and when the turbid sounds are pronounced, the vocal cords flutter more obviously. However, in the middle-aged people (forty or fifty years old), the turbid tone has been cleared, and the phenomenon of the so-called turbid flow of emotion has appeared. Especially in young people, the feeling of turbid tone has been very vague.

(2) Changes in rhymes

In recent years, the laryngeal stops of the Changzhou dialect have been relaxed, and the incoming rhymes have tended to soften. These sounds are obvious and clean in the old Changzhou people, while in the young people, they are looser. For example, the words "pick up, say, drop, seven, chrysanthemum, urgent, common, enemy, seat, bureau", young people say it is not as urgent as the old Changzhou dialect.

(3) Syllabic changes are mainly reflected in the gradual disappearance of the sharp sound

The old Changzhou dialect is very clear, such as the phase (siang) is the sharp sound, the township (xiang) is the sound of the group, and is never confused. Nowadays, in addition to the old generation of Changzhou people can still be heard, the vast majority of young people no longer distinguish between the sharp group sound.

(4) The order of words is gradually moving closer to the official dialect

The old Changzhou dialect has the words "moon" as "bright moon", "turn" as "turn", and "turn" as "turn". "moon" for "bright moon", "turn" for "turn", "lively" for "hot", "like" for "happy", and so on. Joy", and so on, and nowadays young and middle-aged Changzhou people in the spoken language are basically the same as the Mandarin.

(5) Sentence order gradually converges to the official language

The old Changzhou dialect often had the order "even dial (give) two apples to him", but now many young Changzhou people tend to the Mandarin order "even dial two apples to him". ". For example, the phrase "上海到快咧" used to be replaced by "上海快到咧" (Shanghai is coming soon).

(6) Some local colorful and expressive vocabulary gradually disappeared

For example, in the old Changzhou dialect, such as "碧绿生青", "磕冲板跌(Walking is unstable)", "刀刮水削(Walking is unstable)", "The knife scraping water cutting (do things cleanly)", "seek to say three words (no words to look for words)", "soup woman", "wave scattering labor (bellhop) ", "poison (hate)", "feet (legs)" and other unique Changzhou piece of Wu language characteristics of the vocabulary gradually faded out of the stage of spoken use.

(7) Reduction of the affix "head"

In the old Changzhou dialect, there were a lot of "head" in the vocabulary, but now, some of the words that used to be affixed with "head" are slowly changing. The word "head" is now used as an affix to some words that were originally "head". For example, "个头" has become "个子", "大块头" has become "大胖子", "夜头" has become "夜头", and "夜头" has become "夜头". "night head" became "night" and so on.

(8) Some words in the Changzhou dialect that are inherently close to the official language and different from other Wu dialects

There are some words in the Changzhou dialect that were used earlier with official colors, such as "pot" and "foot basin", "wearing clothes", "stuff", "talk", "kneeling", etc. In other parts of the Wu dialect, it is usually said as "wok "wok", "foot bucket", "clothes", "things", "gossip", "鈪鈪鈪鈪鈪 " and "跽跽跽跽". For example, Changzhou dialect often appear in the "Lagui (strange)", "fake mom Lagui (pretend)" and other phrases, but also has a strong color of the Jianghuai dialect.