Which are the eight virtues of comedy?

The Eight Virtues of Comic Opera are eight famous masters of comic opera who were active in the Beijing-Tianjin area in the early 1930s. Ma Delu, from Chun Changlong (Ma Sanli's father, Gao Shouting, Guo Rongqi's master); Zhou Deshan, also known as Ruishan, the stage name of Zhou Toad, from Fan Youyuan (Ma Sanli's master); Yu Delong, the eldest brother of the German generation, the stage name of the staring Yuzi, from the rich root; Jiao Dehai, from Xu Yuelu (Zhang Shuchen, Zhu Kuoquan, Chang Lianan's master); Liu Dezhi, from Xu Yuelu (Guo Qilu's master); Lee Dejiao, the stage name of Mr. Li Dezhi studied under Mr. Xu Youlu (master of Guo Qiru); Mr. Li Dezhi studied under Mr. Enxu (master of Ma Guiyuan); Mr. Li Dexiang studied under Mr. Enxu (master of Ma Shouyan); Mr. Zhang Dequan studied under Mr. Enxu. Liu Dezhi (? -1952), known as Liu Dezhi, was a native of Beijing. At the end of the Qing Dynasty, his father served in the Ruyi Hall of the Qing Court. In his early years, he worked in the Imperial Catering House and was a vigilant man. When the Qing Dynasty abdicated its throne, he joined Xu Youlu to learn comedy as a disciple of Lu Dejun, who brought him up. When he was young, he cooperated with Jiao Dehai in Beijing Tianqiao and other places to "put down the land" to tell comedy, and once in the Guanyin Temple Qingyun Pavilion to dedicate the performance, at that time, there were a lot of joyful halls will also invite them to perform. At the beginning of the 1930s, he also produced comic records for the Bai Dai Company, and was one of the famous "Eight Virtues of Comedy" who were active in Beijing and Tianjin at that time. After Jiao Dehai's sudden death in 1935, Liu Dezhi raised funds for his funeral. Liu Dezhi was still a comedian in Tianqiao. In the 1940s, he used to do stand-up comedy in Tianqiao and lived in poverty; later he participated in the performances of the Beijing Qiming Tea House Comedy Conference and acted in comedies such as "Ditching" and "Waitressing", as well as in the small opera "Ma Si Yuan". Liu Dezhi loved literature and read classical novels such as Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Dream of the Red Chamber. He created the comic "batch of the three kingdoms", from Guan Gong Tun Tushan surrender Cao, batch of Guan Gong in the Cao camp life, after learning that Liu Bei under the back, hanging seal seal gold, to protect the two sister-in-laws, through the five hurdles, six generals, straight "batch" to the ancient city will be so far, a unique style. He also created a comic, said a kitchen apprentice read "Dream of Red Mansions" obsessed, do not properly learn the craft. Master asked him: "You net read 'Dream of the Red Chamber', you still want to do not want to do?" The apprentice said: "Since Lin Daiyu died I do not want to do." The audience laughed. At the beginning of the founding of the People's Republic of China, he participated in a workshop in Beijing to learn opera, and in early 1950, he participated in the creation of the Beijing Comic Improvement Group, was elected deputy head of the Improvement Group, and actively engaged in the work of comedy reform, and said monologue.1951, he participated in the Chinese People's Comfort Troupe to North Korea, and performed comedy for the Volunteer Army fighters. After returning to China, he went to Tibet with the anti-USA propaganda team to perform. Liu Dezhi's disciples include Zhang Zhenkui and Guo Qiru. Ma Delu, formerly known as Ma Enlu, was the father of Ma Sanli. (1882-1935), a native of Beijing, was one of the "Eight Virtues" of comedy. At an early age, he studied hard and had a certain degree of cultural literacy. At the age of thirteen, he followed Enxu to learn the art, and then worshipped Chun Changlong as his teacher, and performed for a long time in the Beijing-Tianjin area, which was well received by the audience. Once with Jiao Dehai, Yu Delong, Zhou Deshan, Zhang Shoushen, Jiao Shaohai and other **** with the opening of the comic venue, with steady, meticulous, strict, harmonic artistic characteristics in the peer group has gained a high prestige. Before and after 1920, he was the eye-catcher for Li Dejiao, who relied on him and once said, "I have a few pieces of work that are held up by Delu. Ma Delu's comic performances focused on character portrayal, and his language was graphic and humorous. His comic dialogues, such as "Japanese Dart" and "Congee Picker", and his monologues, such as "King of Antiques", "Cowardly Follower", "Wuxing Building", and "The Battle Between a Gentleman and a Minister", all reflected his own artistic characteristics. He was not only a well-known former actor, but also an organizer and teacher of comic art. In his later years, he presided over the comic convention of Lianxing Tea House in Tianjin's Dongxing Market, and through his words and example, he created a lot of talents, such as Ma Sanli, Gao Guiqing, Guo Rongqi, Liu Baorui, Zhao Peiru, and Sun Shao Lin, etc., who had studied and practiced their art there. Ma Delu is good at spreading characters on white sand, and can spread double hooks on the ground such as "Fortune, Luck, Longevity and Happiness", "Invitation to Fortune and Treasure" and "Ten Thousand Liangs of Gold". In addition to the large number of national "big shot" comedians who have come to perform in Jinan, such as Ma Sanli, Chang Baokun, Liu Baorui, Hou Baolin, etc., there is also a lesser-known comedian, Li Dejiao, who first introduced the art of comedy to Jinan. Li Dezhuo is a Beijing-based comedian. Originally known as Li Peiting, he was nicknamed "Ten Thousand Fans". Since childhood, he followed his father, Li Guangyi, to study in Beijing Tianqiao. At an early age, he learned to perform comedy from his grandfather, Li Guangyi, who was known as "Little Ten Thousand Fans", and after his grandfather's death, he took on the name of "Ten Thousand Fans". At the age of ten, he was taught by Enxu (later renamed Enpei), who was known as the "kid's comic" in the audience. At the age of fifteen, Xu Youlu as a teacher, in the monologue performance, and later worship Gui Zhen (stage name rich root) as a teacher, learned some of the content of the word games of the paragraph. 21 years old when he was famous, had won the "king of jokes", "king of comical," and other nicknames, was "comics" in the peer respect. He was honored by his peers as one of the "Eight Virtues of Comic Opera". Since the twenty-eighth year of Emperor Guangxu in Tianqiao Market Shuangxinyuan front put the ground performance, and then into the four seas and other vaudeville garden performances, gradually popular in the capital. In the thirty-second year of Guangxu thirty-two, Prince Su Shanqi was appointed as the governor of the Nine Gates, and ordered to prohibit the performance of comedy, and Li Dejiao wandered to Baoding and other places to present his art. He returned to Beijing only after Shanqi left office in 1910. In the early years of the Republic of China, Li Dezhuo was performing in Beijing's Stone Hutong, at the Four Seas Peace Tea House. Later, he was thrown out of Beijing for offending Yuan Shikai and went to perform in Tianjin, where he got into the habit of gambling. Owing gambling debts, he had to squeeze out time to perform again to earn money to make up for the shortfall. Later, Zhang Zongchang, the warlord of the Fengtian system, often asked him to perform in the halls, so he stopped performing on the ground. Afterwards, he performed in Tianjin, Shanghai, Shenyang, Jinan, Kaifeng and other places, and was honored as the "King of Comic Strip", and the other seven famous comedians of the "De" generation were known as the "Eight Virtues of Comic Strip". He was also known as the "Eight Virtues of Comic Opera". In the winter of the fifteenth year of the Republic of China, Li Dejiao performed in Shenyang, fell ill and died in a trench along the Xiaohe River. Shenyang's friends and relatives for his funeral when the snow flew wind roar, comedian Zhu Fengqi officiated at the ceremony, recited the ritual poem: "the wind god blew a trumpet, the seven fairies in heaven to spread flowers, all friends and relatives came to send off, Hank sent to pick up his." The mourners all wept. He had four lines of poetry to praise himself: "Funny said Dongfang Shuo in the past, the later generations inherited Jia Teal West, from the end of the Qing Dynasty until the Republic of China, the king only I ten thousand people fan." "Ten Thousand Fans" came to Jeju show around 1920, initially in Baotu Spring side of the "Wanghe Pavilion" Tea House show. This person has an odd appearance, high body and broad face, big eyes and high nose, lips pout. He specializes in one-liner comedy, the performance is characterized by "no laughter", the audience was amused by the back and forth, he was stagnant face, as if nothing had happened in general, so enjoy the "cold face funny" reputation. According to Huang Jingli, a former comedian in Jinan, "Ten Thousand Fans" performed at Wanghe Pavilion and stared at the audience for a long time after getting on the stage without any expression, which made the audience laugh a lot before he started to perform. "Ten Thousand Fans" language funny, eloquent, he not only will be more programs, and very good on the spot to catch the joke, the performance of the paragraph is mostly critical of the current situation, satirizing the content of the feudal system. "He was very popular in Jinan. At that time, Zhang Zongchang, the warlord of the Fengtian system, had heard the comedy of "Ten Thousand Fans" when he was in Tianjin, and held a high opinion of him. When he heard that "Ten Thousand People" was performing in Jinan, Zhang Zongchang sent someone to invite him to his house to perform in the hall. After a few performances, Zhang Zongchang was so happy that he rewarded "Ten Thousand Fans" with all of the thousand coins he had just won in mahjong. Jiao Dehai (1878-1935) was Xu Youlu's disciple. He was a disciple of Xu Youlu. He y learned the essence of his master's art, and developed from monologue to duologue. He contributed greatly to the development of the art of comedy. He was lean and slender, with a shaved head and a skin-and-bone, bone-and-skin face. He did not make strange faces or exaggerate his expressions, but the audience could not help but laugh at any of the jokes that came out of his mouth. He mainly made up his own stories, and many of his disciples later became famous artists. Chinese comedian. A native of Beijing. At a young age, he learned to sing bamboo slate, but later changed his profession and studied under Xu Youlu and Wei Kunzhi. He collaborated with Ten Thousand Fans and performed in Beijing and Tianjin, and also shared the stage with Liu Baoquan, Bai Yunpeng, De Shoushan and other famous artists. He was good at absorbing the strengths of different styles, and made many contributions to the content and language purification of comedy. (His comic art is characterized by a wide range of activities, and he is able to perform nearly 200 traditional comic dialogues. His masterpieces include "Playing Bailang", "Returning Home with Money" and "Old Elderly", as well as one-liners such as "Five People's Righteousness", "Eating Dumplings" and "False Connoisseur". Some of them have been recorded. (Liu Dezhi was the best comedian for him. His disciples include Zhang Shouchen, Chang Lianan and more than 10 others. Yu Delong (裕德隆) The eldest brother of the De Zi generation, with the stage name of "Glaring Eyes Yuzi", studied under the tutelage of Fugen B. Zhou (周德山). Zhou Deshan, also known as Ruishan, stage name "Zhou Toad", studied under Fan Youyuan (Ma Sanli's master), often in the Tianjin area; before Zhou Toad, comedy was a stall stalls selling art business, it was Zhou Toad who brought comedy into the theater, which is a milestone in the history of comedy. Li Dexiang (李德祥) studied under Enxu (Ma Shouyan's master), Zhang Dequan (张德全) and Zhang Puzi (张麻子). Zhang Dequan, known as Zhang Mazi, studied under Enxu, and often performed with Li Dejiao on the same stage to tease each other, known as Zhang Harmony Li Zhuang! The "Eight Virtues" have not yet formed a prominent personal style. Just according to their skills and specialties, they have slightly different mastery of the festival. And these programs still have the inheritance, variation, collective, oral characteristics, not only for everyone **** there, but also often different from person to person. The ****same characteristic of the "eight virtues" is that they know a lot and make a lot of work. An actor will at least dozens of paragraphs, or even hundreds of paragraphs. The "Eight Virtues" are the pioneers of the Beijing-Tianjin comedy world, and are the representative figures of the initial period of the rise of comedy.

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