Who designed the Bird's Nest, where did the inspiration come from, and what's the story?

Olympic "Bird's Nest" witnesses China's bosom

"Bird's Nest", the great architectural work known as "the fourth generation stadium", witnesses not only the unremitting pursuit of the 21st century in the field of architecture and habitat, but also the historical process of China, the ancient civilization of the Orient, towards opening up. This great architectural work, known as the "Fourth Generation Stadium", is not only a witness to the unremitting pursuit of human beings in the field of architecture and human environment in the 21st century, but also a witness to the historical process of China, an ancient oriental civilization, which is constantly opening up.

On October 25, 2002, authorized by the Beijing Municipal People's Government and the Organizing Committee of the Games of the XXIX Olympiad, the Beijing Municipal Commission of Planning launched a global call for architectural conceptual design proposals for the National Stadium of China (NSC), the main stadium of the Olympic Games of 2008, which is the largest stadium in China.

The National Stadium is the first Beijing Olympic stadium facility to enter the architectural design process. According to the Beijing Municipal Planning Commission, the architectural concept design competition for the National Stadium is divided into two phases: the first phase is pre-qualification; the second phase is the official competition. As of November 20, 2002, the competition office **** received valid pre-qualification documents from 44 famous design units. After strict pre-qualification, 14 design units were finally determined to enter the formal program competition, and they came from China, the United States, France, Italy, Germany, Australia, Japan, Canada, Switzerland, Mexico and other countries and regions.

The Olympic Games not only attracts the world's greatest athletes to create the best results, but also attracts the world's greatest architects to create the greatest works, including the world's highest award for architectural design -- "Pritzker Prize" winners, including Many of the world's most powerful design teams and talented designers participated in the competition, and on March 18th, 2003, 13 famous architectural firms and design consortiums with rich experience from all over the world finally participated in the competition and sent their magnificent concepts of China's National Stadium to Beijing. 13 design proposals, of which 2 are domestic, 8 are foreign, and 3 are Chinese and foreign cooperative.

In the subsequent evaluation of the proposals, the evaluation committee composed of 13 authorities, including Guan Zhaoye, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, and Koolhaas, an architect from the Netherlands, strictly evaluated the entries, repeatedly compared them and carefully screened them, and after two rounds of secret balloting, elected three outstanding proposals, which were the "Bird's Nest" designed by the consortium of the Swiss firms Herzog & de Meuron and the China Academy of Architectural Design and Research (CAADR). The "Bird's Nest" designed by Herzog & de Meuron (Switzerland) in collaboration with China Academy of Architectural Design (CAAD), the "Floating Open Roof" independently designed by Beijing Academy of Architectural Design (CAAD), the "Sky Stadium" designed by Sato Sogo (Japan) in collaboration with Tsinghua University (China). Ltd. and Tsinghua University Architectural Design and Research Institute, China, "Sky Stadium".

On this basis, the jury overwhelmingly selected the "Bird's Nest" proposal as the key recommended implementation plan. In the discussion of the "Bird's Nest" program, **** 8 votes in favor, 2 votes against, 2 abstentions, 1 nullified. In the international architectural competition, a program can get so many **** knowledge, should be rare.

In order to solicit public opinion, the competition organizers will be all 13 designs on public display at the Beijing International Convention Center. The exhibition lasted six days and collected more than 6,000 votes from the audience. Among them, the "Bird's Nest" program, which was recommended by the Chinese and foreign judges, received 3,506 votes, the "floating open roof" received 3,472 votes, and the "Sky Stadium" received 3,454 votes, ranking the top three. The "Bird's Nest" was ranked in the top three. "The Bird's Nest came in first, showing a considerable degree of agreement between the audience and the jury.

After careful study by the decision-making authorities, the "Bird's Nest" was finalized as the main stadium for the 2008 Beijing Olympics - the final implementation plan for China's National Stadium.

Satisfying Olympic needs and emphasizing "post-Olympic development"

Not only should the historic building be constructed, but also the concept of organizing the Olympic Games in a frugal manner, laying the foundation for the implementation of "post-Olympic development"

The "Bird's Nest" has been selected as the main stadium of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games, the China National Stadium. "

Many people who have seen the design model of the Bird's Nest have described it as a cozy bird's nest woven into a 100,000-person stadium with a branch-like steel mesh! The "nest", which is used to nurture and care for life, holds the hope of mankind for the future.

Indeed, the components of the stadium's structure support each other to form a grid-like framework that looks like a bird's nest made of tree branches, with a gray mineral-like steel mesh covered by a transparent membrane that contains an earthy-red bowl-shaped stadium grandstand. Here, the traditional Chinese culture of hollowing, ceramic patterns, and the splendor and fervor of the color red blend seamlessly with the most advanced modern steel design.

Amazingly, the entire building is linked by a giant mesh structure without a single column inside, and the grandstand is a complete unobstructed bowl shape, like a huge container, giving the stadium incredible drama and unparalleled shock value. This even and continuous ring will also give spectators optimal visibility, driving their excitement and inspiring athletes to sprint faster, higher and stronger. Here, people, truly, are given center stage.

More ingenious is that the "Bird's Nest" to the entire stadium outdoor terrain slightly elevated, many ancillary facilities placed under the terrain, which avoids the huge investment consumed by the excavation of the earth, and elevated slopes in the outdoor plaza of the edge of the slow landing, according to the situation of the 2,000 open-air seats into the warm-up site, and the organic integration of the surrounding environment, and again saving The 2,000 outdoor seats in the warm-up area blend in with the surrounding environment, and again, the investment has been saved.

Guan Zhaoye, chairman of the jury and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, commented that there was no unnecessary treatment of the building, which is all about its function, and that the form of the building is naturally unified with the details of the structure.

The jury and many other architectural experts agreed that the Bird's Nest will not only be a unique and historic landmark for the 2008 Olympic Games, but will also be of pioneering significance in the history of world architectural development, and will provide historical testimony to the architectural development of China and the world in the 21st century.

Design and build the "Bird's Nest" is not easy, to make the "Bird's Nest" in the coming days full of vitality and vigor is not easy. According to reports, "Bird's Nest" at the beginning of the design and deepen the design process, has been running through the concept of thrifty Olympic and sustainable development, in order to meet the Olympic function under the premise of the use of permanent facilities and temporary facilities to fully consider the balance. In accordance with the requirements of the "Bird's Nest" *** set up 100,000 seats, of which 80,000 are permanent, the other 20,000 is a temporary increase during the Olympic Games.

On this basis, the design will be "Bird's Nest" function and the surrounding area later positioning and even the whole city's medium- and long-term development plan to consider. According to the established planning scheme, "Bird's Nest" is located in the central area of the Olympic Park will become a collection of sports competitions, conferences and exhibitions, culture and entertainment, business and leisure shopping in one of the citizen's public **** activity center. As the main stadium of the Beijing Olympic Games, "Bird's Nest" will become one of the landmarks of Beijing, in a fairly long period of time, will also become a hot spot for tourism. At the same time, "Bird's Nest" in the design and construction, but also in the site and space of the multi-functional up and down a lot of effort to improve the efficiency of the utilization of venues, in addition to be able to undertake the opening, closing and sports competitions, but also to meet the fitness, business, exhibitions, performances, and other needs for the successful implementation of the "post-Olympic Games Development

In the exploration to speed up the system and mechanism innovation

-use of government guidance, market-oriented mode of operation, promote the Olympic "bird's nest" hatch industry "golden eggs "

As a social welfare project, the construction of sports venues in the past is generally invested by the government, the competent authorities to operate, losses are subsidized by the financial. This has led to many sports facilities after the completion of the government's financial subsidies often become a long-term "baggage" can not get rid of.

Beijing is determined to "change its mind". In the face of the largest ever stadium construction, Beijing to the market economy way of thinking, in the reference to foreign advanced experience on the basis of accelerating institutional innovation and mechanism innovation, and actively explore the "government-led, market-oriented operation" of the Olympic project construction and operation mode of operation.

According to the plan, the Beijing Municipality is responsible for the venues and ancillary facilities project, will use the market mechanism to finance the construction, through the public bidding to determine the project legal person, the project legal person responsible for the financing, design, construction and operation of the project. In the words of a Beijing Olympic Organizing Committee professional, it is "Olympic 'bird's nest' to hatch industry 'golden egg'".

The first one to be built is, of course, the main stadium where the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2008 Olympic Games will be held, with a capacity of 100,000 spectators. In-depth research, careful analysis, based on scientific calculations, Beijing will invest in its construction in two parts: the Beijing Municipal Government to contribute 58% of the authorization of the Beijing Municipal State-owned Assets Management Limited Liability Company as the representative of the capital; the other part of the investment is through global bidding, by the eventual winner of the project's legal entity partners to contribute.

Considering the large amount of investment in the National Stadium and the high cost of post-game operation, Beijing has offered favorable conditions to attract investors. In addition to the 58% investment by the State-owned Assets Management Company on behalf of the government, Beijing has also given preferential policies on land transfer, demolition and relocation.

On Oct. 28, 2002, Beijing put on sale to the world pre-qualification and intention solicitation documents for the Olympic project, marking the official start of the bidding work for the project legal person of the National Stadium; from Jan. to Feb. 2003, the evaluation committee composed of Chinese and foreign experts assessed the bidding qualifications of the bidding applicants, the conception of the construction program, the idea of the financing plan, and the intention of the operation program, and identified 5 In July 2003, after comprehensive evaluation of the optimized design, construction, financing, operation and transfer submitted by the bidders, two winning candidates were recommended; subsequently, after negotiation and reporting to the relevant departments for approval, the winning bidder of the project's legal partner was finally determined.

On the morning of August 9, 2003, the signing ceremony for the legal partner of the National Stadium project was held, and the consortium represented by China CITIC Group Corporation finally became the winner of the bidding for the legal partner of the National Stadium project. Members of this consortium include Beijing Urban Construction Group Co., Ltd, Golden State Holding Group Co. of the United States, and Guoan Yueqiang Co. The winning consortium and the Beijing Municipal State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Corporation (SASAC)*** together to form the project company, which will be granted the right to operate the National Stadium for 30 years after the 2008 Olympic Games. The state-owned company will not participate in dividends for 30 years, and will recover the intact stadium after the operation period. Beijing Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games information provided by the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, up to now, the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, the main venues and related facilities project legal person bidding work has been successfully completed, complete the project legal person bidding work of the National Stadium and other six projects, with a total investment of about 20.5 billion yuan, of which 85% that is, 17.4 billion yuan of funds through the project legal person bidding, the use of market mechanisms for financing to complete.

Let's look forward to the summer of 2008, in the "Bird's Nest" - the majestic National Stadium of China, the world and China *** with the dance!

Fuwa information: Fuwa is the mascot of the 29th Olympic Games in Beijing in 2008, whose colors and inspiration come from the five Olympic rings, from China's vast mountains and rivers, rivers and lakes, and people's favorite animal images. Fuwa conveys to children around the world the spirit of friendship, peace, and positivity as well as the wish for harmony between human beings and nature.

The Fuwa are five cute and close friends, whose shapes incorporate the images of fish, giant panda, Tibetan antelope, swallows and the Olympic flame.

Each doll has a catchy name: "Bei Bei," "Jing Jing," "Huan Huan," "Ying Ying," and "Ni Ni". "Beibei," "Jingjing," "Huanhuan," "Yingying," and "Nini," and in China, hyphenated names are a traditional way of expressing affection for a child. When the names of the five dolls are linked together, you can read Beijing's warm invitation to the world, "Beijing welcomes you".

The Fuwa represent dreams and the aspirations of the Chinese people. Their prototypes and headdresses imply their connection to the sea, forest, fire, earth and sky, and their image design applies traditional Chinese artistic expressions to show China's splendid culture.

Bringing blessings to all corners of the world

For a long time, China has had a tradition of conveying blessings through symbols. Each doll of the Beijing Olympic mascot represents a good wish: prosperity, joy, passion, health and good luck. The dolls carry Beijing's hospitality and blessings to all corners of the world, inviting people from all over the world*** to gather in Beijing to celebrate the 2008 Olympic Games.