What are the dominant regional distribution and development tasks of wheat in China?

China has the highest total output and consumption of wheat in the world. The planting area of wheat accounts for about 22% of the total area of grain crops in China, and the output accounts for more than 20% of the total grain output. It is the main grain crop, important commodity grain and strategic grain reserve variety in China, and occupies an important position in grain production, circulation and consumption. With the growth of population and the improvement of people's living standards, the demand for wheat is increasing. It is of great significance to establish superior wheat areas and develop high-quality special wheat to improve the comprehensive production capacity of wheat, ensure national food security and meet market demand. In order to promote the sustained and stable development of wheat production, this plan is formulated.

According to the conditions of natural resources and the development characteristics of wheat industry, the main wheat producing areas in China are divided into five dominant areas: Huanghuaihai, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, southwest, northwest and northeast. In the dominant area, the wheat planting area is stable at 200,000 mu as an illegal unit of measurement. In order to facilitate the application in production, this book is temporarily kept. 1 mu ≈ 667m2, same as above. —— Editor's note: 558 counties (cities, districts, banners and farms) with an area of over 50,000 mu (farm area) will be taken as key development counties, with small areas and large areas to promote the all-round development of wheat production in advantageous areas.

(1) Wheat Dominant Areas in Huanghuaihai.

① Basic information. This area includes Hebei, Shandong, Beijing and Tianjin, central and northern Henan, northern Jiangsu and Anhui, central and southern Shanxi and Guanzhong area of Shaanxi, and is the largest winter wheat producing area in China. The area is rich in light and heat resources, with an annual precipitation of 400-900 mm, flat terrain and fertile soil, with an area of 355.25 million mu of cultivated land, including 250.4 million mu of irrigated land. Good production conditions and high yield level are beneficial to the formation and accumulation of wheat protein and gluten. It is one of the most suitable areas for developing high-quality strong gluten and medium gluten wheat in China. The planting system is mainly based on two crops of wheat and corn a year. Wheat 10 was sown in the first half of 10 and harvested from the end of May to the first half of June. In 2007, the wheat planting area was 210.28 million mu, accounting for 59.438+0% of the national planting area; The output per unit area is 337.3 kg, which is 30. 1 kg higher than the national average. The output is 70.93 million tons, accounting for 64.9% of the national total output. The main factors affecting wheat production are the shortage of water resources, frequent natural disasters such as drought, freezing injury and dry hot wind, and stripe rust, sheath blight and powdery mildew are more harmful.

② Functional orientation. This area is the dominant producing area of high-quality strong gluten, medium gluten and medium gluten wheat in China, with obvious market location advantages, large commodity volume and strong processing capacity. Strive to build China's largest commercial wheat production base and processing and transformation gathering area, and basically meet the needs of domestic food processing industry. Give priority to the development of high-quality special wheat suitable for processing high-quality bread, noodles, steamed bread and jiaozi flour.

③ Development goals. By 20 15, the planting area of wheat will be stable at 2 10/00000 mu, the average yield per mu will reach more than 360 kg, the total output will reach 75.6 million tons, and the planting proportion of high-quality special wheat will reach more than 90%.

4 main attack direction. First, breeding and popularizing high-yield, high-quality strong gluten wheat varieties and wide-adaptability, water-saving and high-yield medium gluten wheat varieties, strengthening the breeding system of high-quality special wheat varieties and improving the unified seed supply level; The second is to integrate and assemble high-quality and efficient cultivation techniques for strong gluten wheat, focusing on popularizing techniques such as soil testing and formula fertilization, straw returning to the field, precision sowing and semi-precision sowing, water-saving cultivation, delayed nitrogen application for medium-strong gluten wheat, and integrated pest control, and demonstrating and popularizing cultivation techniques for less (no) tillage wheat; Third, strengthen farmland capital construction, improve soil fertility, optimize regional variety and quality structure, and implement large-scale planting and standardized production; Fourth, accelerate the popularization of mechanized operation technology in the whole process of wheat production, promote the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy, and steadily implement conservation tillage; Fifth, support leading wheat enterprises, improve the level of industrial development and enhance the competitiveness of the wheat market.

⑤ Priority development areas. According to the ecological conditions, planting scale and comparative advantages, priority will be given to the development of 336 key counties with a planting area of more than 200,000 mu.

(2) Wheat dominant areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River.

① Basic information. This area includes Jiangsu and Anhui provinces, south of Huaihe River, north of Hubei and south of Henan, and it is one of the main producing areas of winter wheat in China. The climate in this area is humid and the heat condition is good, with annual precipitation of 800 ~1400 mm; The terrain is low and flat, the soil is mainly paddy soil, the organic matter content is about 1%, and the cultivated land area is156.98 million mu. There is more precipitation in the later growth stage of wheat, which is beneficial to the formation of protein content and the production of weak gluten wheat. It is one of the suitable areas for developing high quality weak gluten wheat in China. The planting system is mainly rice and wheat. Wheat is sown from late1October to mid1October and harvested in late May. In 2007, the wheat planting area was 426 1 10,000 mu, accounting for12.0% of the national planting area; The output per unit area is 365,438 03.3 kg, which is 6.65,438 0 kg higher than the national average. The output is13.35 million tons, accounting for 12.2% of the national total output. The main factors affecting wheat production are waterlogging and high temperature ripening, and ear germination occurs from time to time, and scab, powdery mildew and sheath blight are more harmful.

② Functional orientation. This area is the dominant producing area of high-quality weak gluten and medium gluten wheat in China, with obvious market location advantages, convenient transportation, large quantity of wheat commodities and strong processing capacity. The production conditions of weak gluten wheat are unique. Implement the strategy of "grasping weak gluten and promoting medium gluten" and build the largest weak gluten wheat production base in China to meet the needs of domestic food processing industry. Give priority to the development of high-quality special wheat suitable for processing high-quality biscuits, cakes and steamed bread.

③ Development goals. By 20 15, the wheat planting area will be stable at 38 million mu, the average yield per mu will reach more than 327 kg, the total output will reach12.43 million tons, and the proportion of high-quality special wheat planting will reach more than 90%.

4 main attack direction. First, breeding and popularizing weak gluten and medium gluten varieties with high yield, high quality and strong stress resistance, accelerating the popularization and application of varieties resistant to scab, powdery mildew and pre-harvest germination, strengthening the construction of breeding system for high-quality special wheat varieties, and improving the unified seed supply level; The second is to integrate and assemble high-quality and efficient cultivation techniques for weak gluten and medium gluten wheat, focusing on popularizing techniques such as less tillage cultivation, soil testing and formula fertilization, precision sowing and semi-precision sowing, special wheat quality optimization cultivation, and integrated pest control, so as to tap the potential of balanced high yield of rice and wheat; The third is to optimize the variety and quality structure in the region and implement large-scale planting and standardized production; Fourth, strengthen the construction of ditch system and improve the ability of drainage and disaster reduction; Fifth, speed up the popularization of mechanized operation technology in the whole process of wheat production and promote the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy; Sixth, support leading wheat enterprises, improve the level of industrial development and enhance the competitiveness of the wheat market.

⑤ Priority development areas. According to ecological conditions, planting scale and comparative advantages, 73 key counties with planting area of more than 200,000 mu will be given priority.

(3) The dominant areas of wheat in southwest China.

① Basic information. The region includes Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan provinces, mainly winter wheat. The climate in this area is humid, with good heat conditions, and the annual precipitation is 800 ~1100 mm; The terrain is complex, with mountains, plateaus, hills and basins distributed alternately, with an altitude of 300 ~ 2500 meters; The soil is mainly red soil, yellow soil, purple soil and paddy soil, and the cultivated land area is 282.88 million mu. There are various ecological types, mainly producing medium gluten wheat, taking into account weak gluten wheat. The cropping system is based on double cropping of rice and wheat in paddy field, and intercropping of wheat, jade and sweet potato in dry land. Wheat11654381early October is sown and harvested in the middle and late May. In 2007, the wheat planting area was 32.32 million mu, accounting for 9.1%of the national planting area; The average yield per mu is 20 1.7 kg, which is lower than the national average yield 105.5 kg; The output is 6.52 million tons, accounting for 6.0% of the national total output. The main factors affecting wheat yield are insufficient sunshine, rainy, foggy and sunny days, and easy drought and waterlogging. It is one of the main winter and spring areas of wheat in China, and stripe rust is very harmful.

② Functional orientation. This area is one of the superior producing areas of high-quality medium-gluten wheat in China, which has played a prominent role in ensuring the effective supply of regional rations. Build a production base of medium gluten wheat in southwest China to meet the regional demand for rations and improve the self-sufficiency rate of wheat in southwest China. This area is suitable for developing high-quality special wheat for steamed bread and noodle processing.

③ Development goals. By 20 15, the wheat planting area will be stable at 33.9 million mu, the average yield per mu will reach 225 kg, the total output will reach 7.63 million tons, and the proportion of high-quality special wheat planting will reach over 70%.

4 main attack direction. First, cultivate, select and popularize medium-gluten wheat varieties with high yield, high quality and strong resistance to stripe rust, strengthen the construction of breeding system for high-quality special wheat varieties, promote unified seed supply, increase unit yield and improve quality; Second, speed up the integrated innovation and popularization and application of comprehensive prevention and control technology for wheat stripe rust, integrate and assemble high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques for medium-gluten wheat, and focus on popularizing techniques such as tillage cultivation with little straw mulching, soil testing and formula fertilization, close planting in small holes, high-yield cultivation of wheat interplanting, and integrated pest control; The third is to optimize the variety and quality structure in the region and implement standardized production; Fourth, promote the mechanized production of wheat according to local conditions and promote the combination of agricultural machinery and agronomy; Fifth, strengthen the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields, improve soil fertility, and improve drought resistance and drainage capacity; Sixth, support leading wheat enterprises and improve the level of industrial development.

⑤ Priority development areas. According to the ecological conditions, planting scale and comparative advantages, priority will be given to the development of 59 key counties with a planting area of over 200,000 mu.

(4) The dominant area of wheat in northwest China.

① Basic information. This area includes all of Gansu, Ningxia, Qinghai and Xinjiang, as well as the Tumochuan area in Hetao, northern Shaanxi and Inner Mongolia. Wheat is planted in winter and spring. The climate in this area is dry, with large evaporation, and the annual precipitation is 50 ~ 250 mm; Adequate illumination and large temperature difference between day and night are beneficial to dry matter accumulation; The terrain is complex, including plateaus, basins and deserts. The soils are mainly calcareous soil, brownish calcium soil and chestnut soil, with cultivated land area of1920,000 mu, including irrigated land of 59.7 million mu. Suitable for developing high quality strong gluten and medium gluten wheat. The planting system is based on one crop a year. Winter wheat is sown in the middle and late September and harvested from the end of June to the beginning of July; Spring wheat is sown in late February to early April and harvested in early July to late August. In 2007, the wheat planting area was 27.37 million mu, accounting for 7.7% of the national planting area; The output per unit area is 25 1.4 kg, which is 55.8 kg lower than the national average. The output is 6.88 million tons, accounting for 6.3% of the national total output. The main factors affecting wheat yield are poor soil, drought and little rain. At the same time, Gansu and parts of Xinjiang are the main winter and spring areas of wheat stripe rust in China, which has a great impact on the safety of wheat production.

② Functional orientation. This area is one of the superior producing areas of high-quality strong gluten and medium gluten wheat in China, which has played an outstanding role in ensuring the effective supply of regional rations and social stability in poverty-stricken areas. Construction of high-quality strong gluten and medium gluten wheat production bases in northwest China to meet the regional demand for rations and improve the self-sufficiency rate of wheat in northwest China. This area is suitable for developing high-quality special wheat for bread, noodles and steamed bread processing.

③ Development goals. By 20 15, the wheat planting area will be stable at 29.5 million mu, the average yield per mu will reach more than 260 kg, the total output will reach 7.67 million tons, and the proportion of high-quality special wheat planting will reach more than 70%.

4 main attack direction. First, breeding and popularizing medium-gluten wheat varieties with high yield and quality, drought resistance, water saving and high resistance to stripe rust, strengthening the construction of breeding system for high-quality special wheat varieties, promoting unified seed supply, increasing production and improving quality; The second is to strengthen conservation tillage, straw mulching, ploughing and harrowing combined with water storage and water saving cultivation techniques, integrate and assemble high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques for strong gluten and medium gluten wheat, and focus on popularizing techniques such as soil testing and formula fertilization, semi-precision sowing and furrow sowing to speed up the comprehensive control of wheat stripe rust; The third is to optimize the variety and quality structure in the region and implement large-scale planting and standardized production; Fourth, strengthen the transformation of low-and medium-yield fields, improve soil fertility, improve irrigation conditions, and improve the ability of drought resistance and moisture conservation; Fifth, support leading wheat enterprises and improve the level of industrial development.

⑤ Priority development areas. According to the ecological conditions, planting scale and comparative advantages, priority will be given to the development of 74 key counties with a planting area of over 200,000 mu.

(5) Dominant wheat areas in Northeast China.

① Basic information. This area, including Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning and eastern Inner Mongolia, is an important high-quality hard red spring wheat producing area in China. The climate in this area is cool, the frost-free period is short, the annual precipitation is 450 ~ 650 mm, and the sunshine is sufficient; The soil is fertile, mainly black soil and meadow soil, with organic matter content of 3% ~ 6%; The cultivated land area is 344.35 million mu, and the per capita cultivated land area is large, which has the advantage of large-scale planting. Large-scale farms and large-scale concentrated contiguous planting are the main methods, with high degree of agricultural mechanization and relatively low production cost. Suitable for developing high quality strong gluten and medium gluten wheat. The planting system is based on one crop a year. Spring wheat is sown in the middle and late April and harvested from late July to late August. In 2007, the wheat planting area was 6.6 million mu, accounting for1.9% of the national planting area; The output per unit area is 265.2 kg, which is 42.0 kg lower than the national average. The output is 6.5438+0.75 million tons, accounting for 654.38+0.6% of the national total output. The main factor affecting wheat yield is spring drought; It often rains during the harvest period, which affects the quality of goods.

② Functional orientation. This area is one of the dominant producing areas of high-quality strong gluten and medium gluten wheat in China, with good grain quality and high commodity rate. Construction of high-quality strong gluten and medium gluten wheat production bases and commercial wheat bases in Northeast China. This area is suitable for developing high-quality special wheat for bread, noodles and steamed bread processing.

③ Development goals. By 20 15, the wheat planting area will be stable at 7 million mu, the average yield per mu will reach 27 1 kg, the total output will reach10.9 million tons, and the proportion of high-quality special wheat planting will reach over 90%.

4 main attack direction. First, breeding and popularizing hard red spring strong gluten and medium gluten wheat varieties with high yield, high quality, early maturity and strong stress resistance, strengthening the construction of high-quality special wheat breeding system, promoting unified seed supply, increasing unit yield and improving quality; The second is to integrate and assemble the high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of strong gluten and medium gluten wheat, focusing on the promotion of subsoiling cultivation, water-saving cultivation, soil testing and formula fertilization, conservation tillage, integrated pest control and other technologies; The third is to optimize the variety and quality structure in the region and implement large-scale planting, standardized production and mechanized operation; The fourth is to strengthen the construction of basic farmland, improve soil fertility and improve the ability of drought resistance and moisture conservation.

⑤ Priority development areas. According to the ecological conditions, planting scale and comparative advantages, priority will be given to the development of 16 key counties with a planting area of more than 200,000 mu.

The main task (1) is to speed up the breeding and popularization of fine varieties.

Screening, updating and popularizing a number of varieties with high yield, high quality, disease resistance, lodging resistance and strong stress resistance with regional characteristics in view of wheat production conditions and obstacles affecting wheat production; Promote the construction of "three fields" of original seeds, original seeds and improved varieties, strengthen the purification and rejuvenation of existing varieties, provide high-quality provenances for unified seed supply, and give full play to the potential of improved varieties to increase production.

(2) Integrate and popularize high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques.

Integrate the technical forces of agricultural scientific research, teaching and extension, aim at high yield, high quality, high efficiency, ecology and safety, and integrate and assemble high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques suitable for different advantageous regions, different cultivation models and different varieties, and the technical system of disaster prevention and mitigation to cope with regional climate change; Accelerate the popularization of advanced practical technologies such as soil testing and formula fertilization, less (no) tillage cultivation, water-saving cultivation, integrated pest control and mechanized production; Innovate key technologies with major breakthroughs in various advantageous fields of wheat, and further tap the potential of technology to increase production.

(3) Strengthen quality inspection and monitoring.

To identify the quality of wheat regional test strains and provide quality basis for screening and determining new varieties; Track and identify the approved high-quality special wheat varieties to detect the quality stability of wheat varieties; Regularly carry out spot checks, quality inspection and comprehensive evaluation of wheat varieties popularized in large areas, compile annual reports on wheat quality in the whole country and various advantageous areas, and provide relevant inspection and testing information; Study new testing techniques and methods, formulate and revise relevant standards, and improve the quality and level of wheat quality testing.

(4) Promote the industrialized management of wheat.

Adhere to the combination of production and marketing, increase the support of leading enterprises, actively develop order production through effective forms such as "enterprise+base+intermediary", and guide leading enterprises to establish cooperative relations with farmers in advantageous areas, enjoy benefits and bear risks. Through futures and spot trading, we will vigorously promote the convergence of production and marketing. In accordance with the principles of legality, voluntariness and compensation, we will support and expand various professional cooperative economic organizations in wheat-dominant areas, release information on varieties, technologies and prices in a timely manner, and steadily promote the stable development of wheat production and the continuous increase of farmers' income.