Literary Preface Genres

1. Genres of the literary language

The genres of the literary language are myth, fable, biography, preface, text, record, discussion, sparse, book, fugue, say, table, inscription, prose, parallelism, etc.

Ancient style of writing.

Ancient literary styles Ming: Anciently, the words engraved on the objects used to warn themselves or to describe the virtues are called "Ming". Inscribed on the monument, placed on the right side of the case for self-policing inscriptions called "motto".

For example, Liu Yuxi's "The Inscription of the Ugly Room". Carved on a stone tablet, describing the life of the deceased, to praise the memorial, called "epitaph".

Such as Han Yu's "Liu Zihou epitaph".

The traveler's journal has a wide range of materials, can depict the beauty of the mountains and rivers, can record the local conditions of the bizarre Fusheng, can reflect the daily life of a person and a family, but also can write down a country's major events, and express the author's thoughts and feelings. The writing is easy, vivid, informative, and gives a person rich social knowledge and a sense of beauty.

The travelogue has a polemical color, such as "the record of the Yueyang Tower", "tour of Mount Baochan"; there are scientific colors, such as Li Daoyuan's "Three Gorges"; there is a lyrical *** color, such as Liu Zongyuan's "small pool of stones". The preface: the name of the literary style.

Ancient farewell to each of the poems to give each other, the set of the order, known as the gift of the preface. For example, Han Yu "send stone preface": "So the people of the East ...... then named the song poem six rhymes, sent the more for the preface of the cloud."

Subsequently, all the farewell gift of the article, not attached to the poem book are also called gift preface, the content of the more important, praise or encouragement of the words. We have studied the Ming Dynasty writer Song Lian's "send Dongyang Ma Sheng preface".

Said: Ancient discussion of a class of articles to explain the general term. It is not very different from "thesis", which is why it was later collectively referred to as "thesis".

The preamble to the analysis of the article: "said, interpretation, explaining the righteousness of his intention to say also." We have learned this genre of articles are: "Teacher said", "Horse said", "Young China said", "Snake Catcher said", "Huang Sheng borrowed the book said".

Provisions and Inscriptions: Ancient articles engraved on the objects used to warn themselves, others, or to describe the merits and virtues of self-excitation. This kind of article is profound, precise and alert, and has the effect of enlightening and awakening people.

Language sculpture, refined. For example, the "ugly room", "Liu Zihou epitaph" and so on.

Elementary text: also known as "four six text", to four words and six sentences between the sentence, the pursuit of word gorgeous, pay attention to sentence neat, rhyme and harmony, but the content is empty, away from the social life, its value is not great. The origins of parallelism in the Han Wei, formed in the North and South Dynasties, prevalent in the Sui and Tang dynasties, the more famous written by Wu Yun "and Zhu Yuan Si book".

Poetry: China's earliest emergence of a literary genre, originating from the labor cries of primitive man, is a kind of vocal, singing literature. Ancient poems are mostly in four lines, such as the Classic of Poetry, and after the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties, they are mostly in five lines and seven lines.

In the Tang Dynasty, there was a distinction between ancient and modern poetry, and in the May Fourth, there was a new poetry. In ancient China, the poetry that is in tune with the music is called song, and the poetry that is not in tune with the music is called poetry.

Whether it is musical or not, it has a strong musical beauty. Poetry is divided into ancient poetry, recent poetry and new poetry according to the era; narrative poetry and lyric poetry according to the mode of expression; and idyllic poetry, landscape poetry, scientific poetry and aphorisms according to the content of the four categories.

1, ancient poetry, also known as "ancient poetry", "ancient style", refers to the pre-Tang (mainly Han Wei) poetry and imitation of pre-Tang poetry works. It was developed from folk songs, which did not ask for the right, level and oblique, and used the rhyme freely.

In the Middle Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen used the form of Lefu to create a new title, which is called New Lefu, and still belongs to the scope of ancient poetry.2 Nearly poetry, a style of poetry relative to the ancient poetry, also known as "modern poetry", "metrical poetry", with the number of sentences, the number of words, the level of oblique and the use of rhyme are strictly regulated.

Two types of poems and stanzas.3. Rhythmic poetry, a style of poetry, divided into pentameter and heptameter.

It has certain specifications and requirements in terms of rhyme, leveling, syntax, and contrast. The poem is divided into eight lines, divided into the first couplet, the third couplet, the neck couplet and the last couplet.

4, stanzas, a form of proximal poetry, divided into five absolute and seven absolute, four lines of a, generally considered to be "cut off the half of the poems" made. 5, Chu Rhetoric, a form of poetry, produced in the Warring States period of the southern part of the Chu and named after the representative of the Qu Yuan "Ri Sao," also known as "Sao style.

Characteristics: a large number of mythological stories, rich in fantasy and romantic flavor; in addition to lyricism, the use of a large number of methods; the sentence style is relatively loose culture, a large number of "Ruoxi" words. 6, the new poetry, also known as "modern poetry", refers to China's "May Fourth" movement since the emergence of a new style of poetry.

It breaks the limitations of the old style of poetry in form, adopting a freer form and close to the spoken vernacular, which is convenient for reflecting social life and expressing thoughts and feelings. The new poems are required to be concise, rhyming, and generally neat.

7, song line style, a style of music folk songs. Song is the general name, spread the skills and songs called line, and "chant", "song", "citation", "sigh", "chapter", "tune" and so on are called "Lefu song line style", there is no strict distinction between them.

Characteristics: ① there is a fixed tone of words, and most of them have no fixed sentence, sentence no fixed word, mainly miscellaneous, language, colloquial and vivid; ② rhymes on the rhythm of rhyme is relatively free, do not talk about leveling, battle; ③ techniques: in addition to Bixing, more than the use of prose, narrative twists and turns, and long in the dialogue and details to characterize the characters, shaping the image. Words: also known as the poem of the alias, long and short sentences, writing words and called leaning sound fill words.

The word arose in the Tang Dynasty, matured and flourished in the Song Dynasty, is the evolution and development of poetry. Compared with poems, words are more focused on lyricism, with very little narrative content and very little philosophical revelation.

Its metrical restrictions are stricter than those of poetry. Words have a word brand, for example; "West River Moon", "Broken Formation", "Qinyuanchun", etc., the word brand must be, each word will have a fixed number of words, a fixed number of sentences, a fixed level of oblique rhyme.

A word brand has a word brand "three fixed", it is not arbitrary. Each word has a musical tune name, which defines the music of the word to be sung, as well as the number of words, stanzas, rhymes, and rhyme schemes of the "word" as lyric.

Most of them are divided into pieces (segments), "piece" is also called "all" or "section", which means that the music is sung once. Words summarize the length of the music, divided into small orders, medium tone, long tone (slow words).

Fifty-eight words or less is a small order, not segmented. From fifty-nine to ninety words is the middle key, which can be subdivided into sections, called the upper and lower sections or the upper and lower pieces.

Ninety-one words or more for the long tone, can be divided into three, four stacks ...... words in addition to the above form of strict requirements, the content of each word brand is largely fixed, to express what feelings are also pay attention to.

2. in the literary language, "book", "turn", "said", "preface" is a kind of what kind of style

1. Saying is an ancient genre of prose. From the content point of view, the genre can be a narrative, can explain things, you can also make comments; mostly one thing at a time, requiring the author of a deep insight into a problem. This "said", its narrative and discussion, are to show that the author of a problem in social life or a certain phenomenon of the views, in essence, it belongs to the argumentative genre, similar to the modern essay or miscellaneous feelings of the novel. Junior high school students have learned the "Horse", "Irene", "Huang Sheng borrowed the book said" and so on. Preface, also known as "preface", "preface", "introduction", is placed in the writings or the body of the article before. In ancient times, there is another kind of preface is a parting gift of words, called "gift preface", the content of the gift of friends and relatives of praise, esteem or encouragement, such as Song Lian's "send Dongyang Ma Sheng preface" that is, the author wrote to the fellow villagers of the gift of the preface. There is another kind of preface written in front of the poem, called "poem preface", more account of the relevant content of the story or the origin of the poem, such as Su Shi's "Song of Water" - the bright moon a few moments in front of the preamble: "chen mid-autumn, happy to drink up to the day, drunken, made this, and wistful ZiYu. " This small preface explains the origin and process of the lyrics. The book is a letter, the ancient letters and called "letter" or "letter", is a kind of application of the literary style, more than a record of the situation. Ruler literary function is varied: can be lyrical, such as Sima Qian's "report Renan book", Lin Jumin's "and his wife's book"; can also write the scene, such as Wu Jun's "and Zhu Yuan Si book"; can be written privatization of events and feelings, such as Jikang's "and the mountain source of the Book of the end of the book"; but also into the visit to the noble and encouraging the later, the formation of a distinctive tradition of letter writing. Shakuji pay attention to the layout, the quality of the text are good. Biography An article describing an individual's life story. Generally speaking, it is mostly about the life stories of those influential and prominent figures in history. Most of the narrative, description and other techniques to show the character's life style. This style, usually used in history books. Generally written for others, such as "Zhang Heng biography", etc., but also write their own biographies, such as Tao Yuanming's "Mr. Willow biography".

3. How many kinds of ancient text genres

In ancient text, there are myths, fables, biographies, preambles, essays, records, treatises, sparsities, books, fugues, sayings, tables, inscriptions, prose, parallelism, and so on.

Ming: Anciently carved on the object used to warn themselves or described the merits of the text is called "Ming". Inscribed on the monument, placed on the right side of the book to police the inscription called "motto".

Such as Liu Yuxi's "ugly room inscription". Carved on a stone tablet, describing the life of the deceased, to praise the memorial, called "epitaph".

Such as Han Yu's "Liu Zihou epitaph".

The traveler's journal has a wide range of materials, can depict the beauty of the mountains and rivers, can record the local conditions of the bizarre Fusheng, can reflect the daily life of a person and a family, but also can write down a country's major events, and express the author's thoughts and feelings. The writing style is easy, vivid description, informative account, giving a person a wealth of social knowledge and the feeling of beauty.

The travelogue has a polemical color, such as the "Yueyang Tower", "Tour of Mount Baochan"; there are scientific colors, such as Li Daoyuan's "Three Gorges"; there is a lyrical *** color, such as Liu Zongyuan's "small pool of stones". The preface: the name of the literary style.

Ancient farewell to each of the poems to give each other, the set of the order, known as the gift of the preface. For example, Han Yu "send stone preface": "So the people of the East ...... then named the song poem six rhymes, sent the more for the preface of the cloud."

Subsequently, all the farewell gift of the article, not attached to the poem book are also called gift preface, the content of the more important, praise or encouragement of the words. We have studied the Ming Dynasty writer Song Lian's "send Dongyang Ma Sheng preface".

Said: Ancient discussion of a class of articles to explain the general term. It is not very different from "thesis", which is why it was later collectively referred to as "thesis".

The preamble to the analysis of the article: "said, interpretation, explaining the righteousness of his intention to say also." We have learned this genre of articles are: "Teacher said", "Horse said", "Young China said", "Snake Catcher said", "Huang Sheng borrowed the book said".

Provisions and Inscriptions: Ancient articles engraved on the objects used to warn themselves, others, or to describe the merits and virtues of self-excitation. This kind of article is profound, precise and alert, and has the effect of enlightening and awakening people.

Language sculpture, refined. For example, the "ugly room", "Liu Zihou epitaph" and so on.

Elementary text: also known as "four six text", to four words and six sentences between the sentence, the pursuit of word gorgeous, pay attention to sentence neat, rhyme and harmony, but the content is empty, away from the social life, its value is not great. The origins of parallelism in the Han Wei, formed in the North and South Dynasties, prevalent in the Sui and Tang dynasties, the more famous written by Wu Yun "and Zhu Yuan Si book".

Poetry: China's earliest emergence of a literary genre, originating from the labor cries of primitive man, is a kind of vocal, singing literature. Ancient poems are mostly in four lines, such as the Classic of Poetry, and after the Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei and Jin Dynasties, they are mostly in five lines and seven lines.

In the Tang Dynasty, there was a distinction between ancient and modern poetry, and in the May Fourth, there was a new poetry. In ancient China, the poetry that is in tune with the music is called song, and the poetry that is not in tune with the music is called poetry.

Whether it is musical or not, it has a strong musical beauty. Poetry is divided into ancient poetry, recent poetry and new poetry according to the era; narrative poetry and lyric poetry according to the mode of expression; and idyllic poetry, landscape poetry, scientific poetry and aphorisms according to the content of the four categories.

1, ancient poetry, also known as "ancient poetry", "ancient style", refers to the pre-Tang (mainly Han Wei) poetry and imitation of pre-Tang poetry works. It was developed from folk songs, which did not ask for the right, level and oblique, and used the rhyme freely.

In the Middle Tang Dynasty, Bai Juyi and Yuan Zhen used the form of Lefu to create a new title, which is called New Lefu, and still belongs to the scope of ancient poetry.2 Nearly poetry, a style of poetry relative to the ancient poetry, also known as "modern poetry", "metrical poetry", with the number of sentences, the number of words, the level of oblique and the use of rhyme are strictly regulated.

There are two types of poems and stanzas.3. Rhythmic poetry, a form of near-poetry, is divided into pentameter and heptameter.

It has certain specifications and requirements in terms of rhyme, leveling, syntax, and contrast. The poem is divided into eight lines, divided into the first couplet, the third couplet, the neck couplet and the last couplet.

4, stanzas, a form of proximal poetry, divided into five absolute and seven absolute, four lines of a, generally considered to be "cut off the half of the poems" made. 5, Chu Rhetoric, a form of poetry, produced in the Warring States period of the south of the Chu and named after the representative of the Qu Yuan "Ri Sao", also known as "Sao style.

Characteristics: a large number of mythological stories, rich in fantasy and romantic flavor; in addition to lyricism, the use of a large number of methods; the sentence style is relatively loose culture, a large number of "Ruoxi" words. 6, the new poetry, also known as "modern poetry", refers to China's "May Fourth" movement since the emergence of a new style of poetry.

It breaks the limitations of the old style of poetry in form, adopting a freer form and close to the spoken vernacular, which is convenient for reflecting social life and expressing thoughts and feelings. The new poems are required to be concise, rhyming, and generally neat.

7, song line style, a style of music folk songs. Song is the general name, spread the skills and songs called line, and "chant", "song", "citation", "sigh", "chapter", "tune" and so on are called "Lefu song line style", there is no strict distinction between them.

Characteristics: ① there is a fixed tone of words, and most of them have no fixed sentence, sentence no fixed word, mainly miscellaneous, language, colloquial and vivid; ② rhymes on the rhythm of rhyme is relatively free, do not talk about leveling, battle; ③ techniques: in addition to Bixing, more than the use of prose, narrative twists and turns, and long in the dialogue and details to characterize the characters, shaping the image. Words: also known as the poem of the alias, long and short sentences, writing words and called leaning sound fill words.

The word arose in the Tang Dynasty, matured and flourished in the Song Dynasty, is the evolution and development of poetry. Compared with poems, words are more focused on lyricism, with very little narrative content and very little philosophical revelation.

Its metrical restrictions are stricter than those of poetry. Words have a word brand, for example; "West River Moon", "Broken Formation", "Qinyuanchun", etc., the word brand must be, each word will have a fixed number of words, a fixed number of sentences, a fixed level of oblique rhyme.

A word brand has a word brand "three fixed", it is not arbitrary. Each word has a musical tune name, which defines the music of the word to be sung, as well as the number of words, stanzas, rhymes, and rhyme schemes of the "word" as lyric.

Most of them are divided into pieces (segments), "piece" is also called "all" or "section", which means that the music is sung once. Words summarize the length of the music, divided into small orders, medium tone, long tone (slow words).

Fifty-eight words or less is a small order, not segmented. From fifty-nine to ninety words is the middle key, which can be subdivided into sections, called the upper and lower sections or the upper and lower pieces.

Ninety-one words or more for the long tone, can be divided into three stacks, four stacks ...... Lyrics in addition to the above form of strict requirements, the content of each word brand is largely fixed, to express what feelings are also a matter of taste,.