The stages of development of traditional Chinese culture, which corresponds to the correct one?

1. From ancient times to the establishment of the Xia Dynasty for the origin of Chinese culture, this stage, the Chinese ancestors in the material culture, spiritual culture and social organization and other aspects of the establishment of the source of traditional Chinese culture.

2. The Xia, Shang, Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn Periods, marked by the emergence of bronze, iron and oxen, the establishment of the patriarchal system, the feudal system, and the compilation of the six sutras, were the formative stages of Chinese culture.

3. During the Warring States, Qin and Han periods, the material life of the society was enriched, while in the political field, the emperor system, the county system and the bureaucratic system at all levels, which had influenced China for thousands of years, were formed; a large number of scientific and technological achievements represented by papermaking, and literary works represented by the prose of the sons of Zhou and the fugue of Han, as well as historical works represented by the "Zuozhuan", the "Guoyu", the "Strategies of the Warring States", the "Records of the Grand Historian", the "Book of Han", etc. appeared one after another, and Taoist writings appeared in succession. The development of Chinese culture was characterized by the emergence of Taoism and the introduction of Buddhism.

4. During the period of Wei, Jin and North-South Dynasties, China's agricultural civilization and nomadic civilization exchanged and blended with each other in the migration and conflict of nationalities, and the migration of the northern clans to the south contributed to the development of the southern culture, and then, the southern culture flowed back to the north, realizing the communication between the northern and southern cultures. At the same time, metaphysics was born from the controversy between Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and the cultural customs of various ethnic groups were passed on from one generation to another during the wars, which can be regarded as the stage of conflict and integration within the Chinese culture.

5. During the Sui, Tang, and Five Dynasties period, people's material living conditions were further improved due to the increase in productivity. Tang poetry, architecture, Buddhist statues, textiles, science and technology, and other landmark achievements; a variety of forms of administrative system within the vast territory and the "Hu" characterized by the social customs of the various ethnic groups, all indicate that this is a stage of prosperity of Chinese culture.

6. Song, Liao, Xia, Jin and Yuan period, the rise of cities in the north and south, the commodity economy has never been more active; to the new school of Confucianism dominated by the science of the three religions in the formation of the trend of the times; Song lyrics, Yuanqu and other forms of art and culture to adapt to the interests of the scholar and the public and the emergence of the "Zi Zhi Tongjian" and other historiographical masterpieces in an endless stream; China's history of the "four great inventions ", this period accounted for three of them. All indications are that this was the peak stage of the development of ancient Chinese civilization.

7. In the early Ming and Qing Dynasties, the modern enlightenment thought, the study of evidence from the feudal totalitarian politics, and in the anti-feudal propaganda, historical and cultural organization, summarize and research played a huge role; scientific and technological achievements are remarkable to the "Romance of the Three Kingdoms" and other representations of the chapter of the novels, thousands of local histories and records, and the "Yongle Grand Dictionary, the Siku Quanshu" and other mega-collections of the preparation of the field of culture are the brilliant achievements and the continued development of Chinese culture. The brilliant achievements of Chinese culture and the signs of its continued development. It is at a stage of turning a corner.

8. During the period from the Opium War to the Republic of China, Chinese culture also encountered a severe test and crisis for the first time. So, the advanced Chinese began to face the reality, reflecting the face of Western culture, machine manufacturing technology, democratic **** and system and mathematics, physics, chemistry, astronomy, biology, medicine and other modern sciences were introduced into China. Chinese people to the West to learn from the mentality of cultural achievements have also appeared, in the impact of Western civilization, Chinese culture began to embark on the stage of modernization.