Where is the breakthrough of grain bank operation? Is it to guarantee income or solve storage?

The proposal and operation of grain banks vary from place to place, and the time is not very long, but on the whole, it is a good model to put forward a train of thought of grain transshipment and storage, and to increase farmers' income, change grain into grain and change grain into money. Only in the current operation process, there are still some problems that need us to make some moderate adjustments through practice.

Today, let's sort out the concept, operation mode, advantages and disadvantages of the grain bank and see if we can find a relatively perfect scheme.

First, the origin and concept of food bank

In fact, since the household contract responsibility system, the operation of grain banks has appeared one after another, but in different forms. The purpose is to absorb grain sources, store and sell on behalf of farmers, reduce transit costs and realize the two needs of farmers and enterprises.

The operation of grain bank comes from the study of bank operation mode. By absorbing grain (capital), we can accelerate the accumulation of the total grain supply of enterprises and generate the price difference through operation. The whole operation is feasible in theory, but there are some different methods in practice, which are also related to the production and sales of grain in China. Therefore, the concept of food bank is somewhat difficult to determine. Perhaps in the future, after the grain depot operation is relatively stable, there will be an official and realistic concept.

Second, the operation mode of the grain bank

The operation mode of grain bank also changes with the production and sales of grain, that is to say, the mode of grain bank will be different with the production and sales in different places. Generally, it can be divided into two types: stored grain sales type and financing sales type.

1, stored grain sales type

In the current grain planting system, the types of growers are also different. Some mainly focus on production, that is, grain-producing areas, which are mainly sold directly under production, while others are mainly sold after storage. These two methods have their own advantages and disadvantages. The former is quick realization and direct sales, while the latter is to increase income and gradually sell. In this way, there will be two different ideas. The former is development-oriented and realizes reuse, while the latter is conservation-oriented and earns more.

The purpose of grain storage and sales is to solve the problems of farmers' storage difficulties, grain sales difficulties and grain storage losses. Mainly led by large-scale agricultural enterprises, government grain departments and raw grain demand enterprises, a certain amount of grain can be recovered quickly, and the model of grain bank is adopted to help farmers solve the problems of storage, storage loss and price. From the perspective of farmers, it solves the storage problem for farmers and can be cashed at any time according to the market price without losing farmers' interests. More popular with farmers.

When broken down, enterprises can help farmers pull back grain from their harvest, either directly or within a certain time interval according to the agreement. What needs to be solved here is just a trust problem. Farmers leave grain in enterprises and can realize it at any time. There are many ways to realize it: one is to realize it at any time and cash it at the current price. This is equivalent to farmers' free storage. Second, you can exchange grain products at any time, such as white flour, rice, oil and other daily necessities. These daily necessities must be lower than the market price and slightly higher than the wholesale price in order to be truly considered as double benefits by farmers.

2. Financing sales type

The so-called financing sales type means that farmers do not store it, but usually sell it after harvest, and then invest in the next crop or make other investments after realizing it. Purchasing and storing grain through the grain bank is also an investment and an investment psychology, which will be carried out in a risky way. Farmers' own grain shares and enterprises' short-term investment should have an expectation. No matter whether the price rises or falls, both sides should bear the corresponding risks and enjoy the benefits.

Third, the advantages and positive significance of food banks

Grain banks have experienced many twists and turns in the process, but no matter how they operate, the benefits to farmers are the most obvious, and in the long run, the role of grain circulation is very great.

1, good for farmers

As long as the problem of mutual trust between farmers and enterprises is solved, the work of grain depot can be carried out as agreed. First, the enterprise cooperated with farmers to transport the harvested grain to the designated drying field, which solved the problem of farmers drying themselves. Any water reduction loss is the enterprise itself or both, which is obviously a beneficiary for farmers.

Then farmers have the right to decide whether to realize cash at any time according to the market price. From this point of view, farmers not only solved the problem of threshing their own grain, but also avoided more or less loss of terms in the sales process. Only from this point of view, there are 100 farmers willing to cooperate.

2, the role of grain circulation

For raw material enterprises or grain circulation enterprises, the problem of grain source should be solved first, and then the problem of grain input should be solved. Generally speaking, it is equivalent to solving all or a large part of the grain investment, which is a big problem for enterprises and has been easily solved. However, to solve the problem of grain source, it is necessary to carry out the problem of grain circulation and digest it at a high speed with market prices, that is, to constantly repeat the actions of selling and buying in order to maximize the benefits. What needs to be explained here is that no matter how the market price changes, there will always be gains in the circulation process, which is the bid-ask spread.

Fourth, the defects of food banks and improvement measures

There are also some defects in grain banks, because although the operation of grain banks is carried out in accordance with the ideas of commercial banks, there is almost no possibility of losses. However, if the basic scale is small and cannot meet the supply requirements of raw material manufacturers, the liquidity will be poor, resulting in a decrease in the number of grain purchases and sales and a negative income.

At the same time, there will also be unreasonable inventory problems, as well as some inventory costs and personnel management costs overruns. In this operation process, it is absolutely safe for farmers, even if it is an investment operation, there will be no big risk; For enterprises, the risk will be relatively greater. How to avoid this situation, we need to do a comprehensive feasibility study in advance, make a real process, and make a risk assessment on some issues such as grain storage expectation, grain sales times, profit level and cost settlement. How to solve the risk quickly once it appears?

I have encountered similar problems in the previous grain depot operation, because the estimated grain storage is larger than the actual grain storage, which restricts sales. From the operational level, it is already a negative income problem. Therefore, in the process of operation, we should not only look at the problem from the forecast, but also have full and complete countermeasures.

Five, the conjecture of developing food banks

The operation idea of grain depot is correct, but due to many uncertainties, we think it is a matter of benefiting the people. Some enterprises stress actual profits, some enterprises stress balance, and some enterprises have the possibility of a small amount of negative returns. This is all from the perspective of development, and the thinking is correct.

At present, the grain bank is a kind of progress for farmers, and farmers themselves are completely benefited. Farmers themselves consider whether they can cooperate, dare to cooperate, and at the same time consider whether they can get more benefits, such as whether they can get more benefits on the issue of cashing finished grain. Enterprises (including some large cooperatives) are considering whether land circulation can be simplified through grain banks, whether some or all agricultural products and agricultural machinery services can be included, and all-round agricultural services can be included.

In fact, on the basis of mutual trust between enterprises and farmers, enterprises can actually control land, and the problem of adequate grain storage can be solved. Another way of thinking, introducing agricultural services, agricultural machinery services and agricultural products, may be more conducive to the formation of mutual trust, which can effectively control the grain source, which increases the possibility of grain banks to achieve profitability. In fact, most enterprises are developing in this area now.

The more viscous development idea of grain bank is to cash in agricultural finished products directly at the same time, which realizes the further circulation between agricultural raw grain and finished products. On the one hand, it may increase the stickiness with farmers, on the other hand, it may promote the actual circulation possibility of cash in grain banks. This is also a huge project, which can not be completed by thinking alone. It will take some time to verify.

Through the introduction of the origin of grain bank, the analysis of its operation mode, the comparison of its advantages and disadvantages, and the possibility of future development, it can be affirmed that grain bank is in line with the development trend of modern agriculture, is an effective way to reduce the burden on farmers and increase their income, and also provides a development stage for enterprises to develop agricultural projects, which is feasible. However, in the process of continuous exploration and development, it is necessary to sum up experience and explore new ways. After solving the problem of farmers' grain storage, it is a new problem for grain banks to truly realize the income guarantee of farmers and enterprises!