The Influence of Foreign Craftsmanship on Chinese Craftsmanship

The influence of foreign art on Chinese art has been very small, except for the introduction of oil paintings and some theories of Impressionism and whatnot. Traditional Chinese painting and other forms of art have no room for anything foreign.

To summarize, the so-called art people refuse to take off the shackles and are stuck in their ways. Of course there are also political or policy reasons, and that can't be helped. The impact on one's own culture, and more seriously, the contempt of others, there may be three attitudes: the first attitude, is to love one's own culture more. The second attitude is to worship foreign cultures, thinking that everything about oneself is inferior to others, which is excessive reverence for the foreign. The third attitude is to take one's own culture as the basis, objectively scrutinize the foreign culture, and accept the components of the foreign culture that are beneficial to oneself.

The Italian indigenous culture, Idalaria, had a great influence on Rome. The Idalarians created the coupon arch architecture, decorative frescoes in the oriental style, and realistic carvings.

The Romans conquered Greece, but were culturally subjugated by the Greeks and were admirers and imitators of Greek art. It also had its unique features (more inclined to pragmatism, content mostly hedonistic secular life, formally pursuing grandeur and magnificence, emphasizing the personality of characters). Outstanding achievements are reflected in architecture, frescoes, portrait sculpture.

I. Architecture

The most outstanding achievements of the Romans in municipal engineering (roads, waterways, bridges, squares, public **** baths and other facilities). Utilizing the triad as a building material, the coupon arch structure of the Idalarians was widely adopted.

Colossium was the largest oval arena in ancient Rome, for the use of coupon arches reached its peak (three layers of stacked coupon arches; from the shape of the *** divided into four layers, respectively, by the Dorian, Ionic, Corinthian three columns decorated with coupon arches, the fourth layer of the enclosure decorated with half-columns).

The Pantheon is an outstanding representative of vaulted architecture. The interior is a magnificent rotunda, topped by a vaulted ceiling, made of brick and triclinium. There are no windows around the walls, and a 9-meter diameter circular hole in the center of the roof is used as a light source.

The Arc de Triomphe was used to commemorate victories in battles. The Arc de Triomphe of Titus is an early one-span triumphal arch, on the top of which were placed sculptures of chariots. The gate is flanked by a composite of Ionic and Corinthian columns. The Triumphal Arch of Constantine is a late three-span triumphal arch, decorated with composite columns on either side, and covered with decorative reliefs (some cobbled together from ancient buildings) at the base of the columns and on the door walls.

Memorial column is the Roman Empire monumental architecture, Tulajin memorial column is its masterpiece. On the top of the column, there was a bronze statue of Emperor Tulajin, and on the column there is a band of bas-reliefs encircling the body of the column in 23 circles, which is more than 200 meters long, recording the history of the Roman army's conquest of the Dacians.

Two, sculpture

Portrait sculpture excellence. The custom of ancestor worship, so the early portrait carving is characterized by naturalistic realism, the level of art is not high. *** and the end of the country, Rome conquered Greece, influenced by Greek sculpture, Roman portraits towards diversity, generalization and vividness. The Statue of Augustus was influenced by the Greek ideal style, with the athlete's general physique and heroism, and the face was idealized on the basis of resemblance. During the Roman Empire, the realistic style became popular, and portraits with personalities and complex inner worlds appeared. In the Portrait of Caracalla, the face of the tyrant, the frown and the eyes, and the twisted head emphasize the tense and violent character. Malcolm Aurelius on horseback Portrait of Aurelio on Horseback" is a portrait of a monarch with Stoic philosophical ideas, with a face of philosophical contemplation, which was preserved in the Middle Ages and influenced later Italian Renaissance sculptors. Late Empire, portrait sculpture style more realistic, reflecting the typical character of the Romans at this time is: the appearance of the image of the rude, the inner spirit of high tension.

Roman bas-reliefs have a chronicle, realistic features, the masterpiece is Tulajin memorial column bas-reliefs. The process of Emperor Tulajin's conquest of the Dacians at the head of his army is recounted in detail. The use of scattered perspective, excellent treatment of the plot, complexity of the level, the composition of many characters.

Three, painting

Mainly includes mosaics and murals. Early paintings saved very little. 18th century Pompeii was excavated, retaining a large number of frescoes, according to which the Roman frescoes were divided into the first, second, third and fourth Pompeii style. The first style is to paint architectural details in color; the second style is to depict architectural details directly on the flat wall, using perspective to create the illusion of a more spacious space and interspersed with episodic paintings ("Secret Sacrifice"); the third style emphasizes the flatness of the wall and paints delicate still lifes; the fourth style combines the effect of perspective with decorative motifs and intersperses the activities of figures with elaborate and realistic scenery, magnificent colors and a A sense of space and movement, also known as "Pompeii's Baroque".

I have to say, foreign culture is really colorful, we do not exclude foreign culture, we hope, can absorb, accept foreign culture, into our own culture, do not lose your mind, too much worship.