Biography of Corbusier

Corbusier was born in a small town in northwestern Switzerland near the French border, where his parents were engaged in watchmaking. As a teenager, he studied at a technical school for watches in his hometown, and became interested in the fine arts. In 1907, he traveled successively to Budapest and Paris to study architecture, where he went to study with the architect August Berry, who was renowned for his use of reinforced concrete, and then went to work at the German firm of Behrens, known for its experimentation with new architectural treatments in designing innovative industrial buildings. The firm was known for experimenting with new architectural treatments in the design of innovative industrial buildings, where he met Gropius and Mies van der Rohe, who were also working there, and who influenced each other and together pioneered the idea of modern architecture. He traveled to Greece and Turkey, visiting and exploring ancient and folk architecture. Corbusier settled in Paris in 1917, where he painted and sculpted, and co-edited the magazine Nouveau Spirituel with the neo-Cubist painters and poets, under the pseudonym Le Corbusier after his maternal grandfather, who wrote in the very first issue, "A new era has begun, rooted in a new spirit, a new constructive and comprehensive spirit with a clear goal. " Later, he compiled and published some of his articles on architecture in a single book, Toward a New Architecture, which fiercely rejected the old-fashioned architectural viewpoints and retrofuturistic architectural styles of the nineteenth century, glorified the achievements of modern industry, put forward the idea that "our time is deciding its own style every day", and praised the working methods of engineers, "engineers are governed by the economy of the economy. The engineer is driven by economic laws and guided by mathematical formulas that bring us into harmony with the laws of nature." Suggested that "the house is a machine for living" and advocated industrial methods of mass construction "The first task of architecture is to contribute to the reduction of costs and of the components of the house." Emphasized that "the primitive form is the form of beauty" in architectural design, and praised simple geometric forms.

In 1926, Corbusier put forward the famous "Five Points of New Architecture" for his own house design, which are:

Pilotis: the main floor is off the ground. Unique pillars allow the first floor to be elevated.

Free facade: each floor appears as if it exists individually without interfering with each other from the perspective of the facade.

Long horizontal ribbon window: A large window with a good view.

Open floor plan: The position of the walls on each floor is determined by the needs of the space.

ROOF TERRACE: Move the garden to the roof where the view is the widest and the humidity is the least.

Designed in accordance with the requirements of the "five points of the new architecture" of the residence are due to the use of frame structure, the wall is no longer load-bearing after the architectural characteristics. Le Corbusier gave full play to these characteristics, and in the twenties he designed some residential buildings that were completely different from the traditional ones. Villa Savoye is a famous masterpiece. Le Corbusier's architectural design gave full play to the characteristics of the frame structure, because the wall is no longer load-bearing, it can be designed with large horizontal long windows, some of his designs were not accepted at that time, many of them were rejected, but these structures and design forms were popularized and applied by other architects later on, such as apartments that are set back floor by floor, and exhibition halls with suspension structures, etc. He was a pioneer in many aspects of architectural design and had a very wide influence on modern architectural design. He was a pioneer in many aspects of architectural design and had a very wide influence on modern architectural design.

Le Corbusier also put forward a lot of ideas on urban planning, he was against the trend of opposing the big city, advocating a new urban planning, that under modern technical conditions, it is possible to maintain the high density of the population, but also the formation of a quiet and healthy urban environment, the first to put forward high-rise buildings and three-dimensional intersection of the idea, is extremely visionary. He always stood at the forefront of the trend of architectural development in the 20s and 30s, and played a driving role in the modernization of architectural design and urban planning.

During the Second World War, he took refuge in the countryside, and later went to work in India and Africa. After the war, his architectural design style obviously changed, from focusing on function to focusing on form; from emphasizing modern industrial technology to emphasizing the folk architectural experience; and from pursuing smoothness and cleanliness to pursuing the rough and pale and sometimes primitive interest. As a result, he remained at the forefront of the new school of post-war architecture. His design philosophy was a great inspiration to architects around the world until his death. His designs were often highly controversial, and the grotesque appearance of his church of Notre Dame de Longchamps, which outraged the old guard, was regarded as a classic by the innovators. His design for the headquarters of the League of Nations in Geneva was the subject of a lengthy debate in the jury and was finally rejected by a politician's decision. His Marseille apartments, which were sued by the French Association for the Protection of the Landscape, later became a local attraction; and his plans and architectural designs for the city of Algiers were rejected by the municipal authorities, but later the floor-by-floor setbacks were adopted by many African and Middle Eastern coastal countries.

Born La chaux-e-onds, October 6, 1887, in Jura, Switzerland.

In 1900 (at the age of 13) entered the La Chaux. De. Phuong Watchmaking Technical School. L'EPLATTENIER 1874-1946.

1902 Corbusier wins an award for an engraved watch at the International Decoration Exhibition in Turin.

In 1907 (at the age of 20) Cobb undertook his first study trip with the aim of seeing some of the outstanding architecture and art of Europe. During the trip Cobb produced many fine sketches and watercolors. He also visited Garnet, Berry and Hoffmann.

In 1910 Cobb returned to his alma mater from his travels and was commissioned by the school to make another trip to Berlin to study German decorative arts. In Germany, he came into contact with the German Manufacturing Union and with Peter Behrens, Gropius, and Mies van der Rohe.

In 1911 Cobb traveled again to Central Europe and the Orient, and at the end of the year returned to his alma mater, the Ecole des Beaux-Arts Lachaise de Fontainebleau.

In 1913 Cobb opens his own office in La Chaux-de-Fonds.

In 1917 Cobb moved to France, where he became a French citizen in 1930.

In 1920, he changed his pen name to Le Corbusier and published the magazine Nouvelle Spirituelle together with Au Cham Fong and a number of other poets, painters and sculptors***.

In 1923 Cobb published a collection of articles from the New Spirit magazine under the title Toward a New Architecture.

In 1928, he and W. Gropius, L. Mies van der Rohe and others organized the International Association of Modern Architecture (CIAM). He participated in many architectural design competitions in various countries and was awarded several honorary degrees.

Died of a heart attack on August 27, 1965, while swimming near his own cottage in S.F..