Main characteristics of Jiangxi architecture

Jiangxi's architecture is mainly brick, wood and stone, with wood structure as the main body. The beam is made of huge materials and pays attention to decoration. The middle part of the beam is slightly raised, so it is commonly known as "Winter Melon Beam". The two ends are carved with flat (Ming Dynasty) or round (Qing Dynasty) patterns, and the middle part is often carved with various patterns, which makes the whole body look magnificent and magnificent. The material of the column is also quite thick, and the upper part is slightly thinner. The pillars of the Ming Dynasty were usually spindle-shaped. Liang Tuo, claw column, fork hand, Baquan, Queti (Ding Tou Arch in Ming Dynasty) and diagonal braces are engraved with patterns and lines. The ingenious combination and decoration of beam components make technology and artistic techniques integrate into one, and achieve a perfect and harmonious wonderful situation. Generally, the beam frame is painted with tung oil, without colored paint, which is particularly simple and elegant. Corners, patios, railings, lighting walls, leaking windows, etc. It is built by cutting bluestone, red sandstone or granite into stone strips and slabs, and the natural texture of the stone itself is often used to synthesize patterns. The walls are basically built with Xiaoqing bricks to the horse head wall.

Due to the similar geographical, economic and cultural background, Jiangxi School is closely related to Huizhou School's ancient dwellings. The residential buildings of Jiangxi school are all brick and wood structures, one and a half stories high. Generally speaking, their appearance is rectangular, surrounded by brick walls, and the half-covered and half-exposed double-slope roofs are hidden behind the overlapping horse-head walls. Horsehead wall is stepped, arched and cloud-shaped, which can prevent fire, wind and theft. Jiangxi ancient folk houses pay more attention to the practicality of internal structure and furnishings, but pay less attention to Huizhou large-scale carved beams and painted buildings. Their internal structure is mostly two rooms with three bays, one hall and one living room, with many bright front halls and back halls, many clear front halls and back halls, three wide rooms, one bright hall and one lower hall, which are symmetrical left and right. The ancient folk houses of Jiangxi school should not only adapt to the surrounding environment, but also be organically combined with functional buildings such as ancestral halls, temples, archways, gatehouses and theaters. In addition to the site selection, orientation and shape of buildings should conform to the concept of geomantic omen, the surrounding trees, lakes, rivers and mountains are also regarded as elements that constitute geomantic omen.