Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Traditional customs - Types of Terracotta Warriors and Horses
Types of Terracotta Warriors and Horses
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Terracotta Warriors and Horses Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang (English: Terracotta Army), also known as the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang's Tomb and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin are located in the village of Xiahe, 5 kilometers east of the Lintong District of Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China. The mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang was built from 246 B.C. to 208 B.C., which lasted 39 years. It is the mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang, the emperor of the Qin Dynasty of China, and is also the first grand-scale, well-laid-out and well-preserved emperor's mausoleum of China, with the existing mausoleum mound 76 meters high, and the mausoleum is arranged in imitation of the capital of Qin, Xianyang, and is divided into the inner and outer cities, with the inner city having a circumference of 2.5 kilometers, and the outer city having a circumference of 6.3 kilometers. The mausoleum mound is located in the southwest of the inner city, sitting in the west and facing east, placing the coffin and burial artifacts for the core of the mausoleum complex of Qin Shi Huang, which has not yet been excavated. According to the current testimony, Qin Terracotta Warriors and Horses pit is located in Qin Shi Huang Mausoleum sealing soil to the east of about 955.5 meters, it is generally believed that Qin Shi Huang Terracotta Warriors and Horses is located in the periphery of the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor, there is a meaning of guarding the mausoleum, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor is an organic part of. In 1987, the Mausoleum of the First Qin Emperor and the Terracotta Warriors and Horses Pit were approved by UNESCO for inclusion in the World Heritage List, and are known as the "Eighth Wonder of the World". Construction The construction of the mausoleum began after Qin Shi Huang's accession to the throne (at the age of 13) (246 or 247 BC). The construction process lasted a lifetime. The total area of Qin Shi Huang's tomb was 50 square kilometers, including the present Terracotta Warriors and Horses and Qin Shi Huang's Mausoleum. The Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang is the only imperial tomb in the world. First of all, the source of all kinds of raw materials was strictly required, and many of them were taken from specific origins, mined and processed by specialized craftsmen. A great deal of manpower and material resources were utilized in the construction process, and it is believed that up to 700,000 people participated in the construction project. 2013-04-15 22:31:40 Addendum: Excavation On March 29, 1974, during a severe drought in Shaanxi, Yang Zhifa, a villager from Lintong County, accidentally discovered fragments of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses when he was fetching water from a well, and the villagers at the time referred to these ceramic figurines as the Master of the Watts. When people first saw the terracotta warriors, the terracotta warriors clothes, weapons, the color is still very bright, after two thousand years of might, but in the archaeologists dug out of the earth, by the air oxidation effect, within a few minutes of gradual flaking disappeared, and only the color of the terracotta clay that we see now. 1976-1978, the archaeological team added archaeologists, conservation, photography, restoration and other personnel, the excavation work is in full swing. 1979, the archaeologists discovered the Terracotta Warriors in a drought in Shaanxi Province. On October 1, 1979, the Museum of the Terracotta Warriors and Horses of the First Qin Emperor began to display to domestic and foreign visitors. [1] 2013-04-15 22:34:35 Supplement: 1. Terracotta Warriors Generally, there are twenty warriors on the chariot, the left and right warriors. The car left figurine wearing a long jacket, armor, shin with leg guards, head in the conical cap, the left hand holding a spear, go
sword, halberd and other long weapons, the right hand as a press car. Car right figurine attire and car left figurine the same, but the opposite posture. They are chariot combat main force. From the Qin terracotta pit chariot remains found around the weapons, the Qin dynasty chariot on the car left and car right are holding go, spears and other fighting with long weapons and bows and crossbows and other remote weapons, indicating that the chariot on the car on the left, the car on the right division of labor is not very clear. In the chariot, in addition to the spear driver and car left, car right figurines, also found in command of the combat military officials figurines. The military officials have high and low, have the responsibility of combat command. 2013-04-15 22:36:26 Supplement: 2. standing shot terracotta warriors in the Qin terracotta warriors is a more special type of soldiers, unearthed in the eastern part of the second pit, holding weapons for the crossbow, and kneeling shot terracotta warriors together with the crossbow military formation. Standing shooting terracotta warriors are located in the array table, dressed in light armor robes, bundled hair bun, waist leather belt, feet on the square mouth pointed shoes, attire lightweight and flexible. This gesture is just like what is recorded in the Spring and Autumn Annals of Wu and Yue, "the way of shooting, the left foot is vertical, the right foot is horizontal, the left hand is like holding a branch, the right hand is like holding a child, and this is the way of holding a crossbow". Standing shot figurines of gestures, and literature in line with the records, indicating that the Qin Shi Huang era shooting skills have developed to a high level, a variety of actions have formed a set of standardized models, and inherited for future generations. 2013-04-15 22:37:09 Supplement: 3. Kneeling shooting terracotta and standing shooting terracotta, unearthed in the east of the second pit, the weapons held for the crossbow, and standing shooting terracotta together with the crossbow military formation. Standing shooting figurines are located in the formation table, while kneeling shooting figurines are located in the center of the formation. Kneeling terracotta warrior dressed in war robes, wearing armor, the left side of the head to pull a bun, feet on the square mouth Qiqi head pointed shoes, the left leg squatting curved, the right knee on the ground, the upper body slightly to the left side turn, hands on the right side of the body one up and one down for holding the bow, showing a single soldier with a bow drill action. Kneeling terracotta sculpture art, there is a very valuable, that is, the soles of their shoes, sparse and meticulous stitching by the craftsmen meticulously carved out, reflecting the spirit of extremely strict realism, so that later generations of viewers from the Qin Dynasty warriors to feel a very strong breath of life. 2013-04-15 22:39:17 Supplement: 4. warrior terracotta warrior i.e. ordinary soldiers, the average height of about 1.8 meters. As the main body of the military formation, the number of terracotta warriors unearthed in the pit of the Qin terracotta warriors is the most, can be divided into two categories according to the different clothing, namely, robed warriors and armored warriors. They are distributed in the whole military formation as the main combat force. Most of the terracotta warriors in robes were distributed on the surface of the formation, flexible and mobile; the terracotta warriors in armor were distributed in the formation. Both types of warriors are armed with combat weapons, with a high temperament and movement in silence. 5. Terracotta Army Officials Terracotta Warriors are lower than generals terracotta warriors in terms of status, with intermediate and lower levels. From the appearance of the head wearing a double version of the long crown or a single version of the long crown, wearing armor in several different forms. 2013-04-15 22:39:54 Add: 6. Cavalry figurines Unearthed in Pits I and II, there are 116 pieces, mostly used for wartime surprise attacks. Due to the special type of soldiers, the attire of cavalrymen is obviously different from that of infantrymen and vehicle soldiers. They wore a round cap, wearing a tight-sleeved, cross-collared double-breasted over-the-right over the chest shirt, wearing tight pants with gear underneath, short boots, clad in short and small armor, no shoulders, no armor on the hands. The clothes were short and light, and the horse was held in one hand and the bow in the other. From this special attire, we can clearly see that from the ancient cavalry tactics, the rider's agility of action is a basic requirement. The image of cavalrymen unearthed in No.2 Place is the earliest physical object of cavalrymen found in the archaeological history of China so far. Thus, it provides very precious archaeological information for the study of cavalry costumes and equipment at that time. 2013-04-15 22:43:23 Supplement: 6. senior military officials terracotta warriors terracotta warriors and armored generals terracotta warriors of two types, its *** with the same characteristics is wearing a crossbill, tall and sturdy, temperament outstanding superb, with a general style. War robe general terracotta dress plain, but the chest has a flower knot decoration, and armor general terracotta chest, back and shoulders, *** decorated with eight colorful flower knots, gorgeous and colorful, elegant and extraordinary, set off its rank, identity, as well as the majesty of the army.
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These terracotta figurines did not come out of a mold, but were molded one by one. The warrior figurines have different attire, and different demeanor. There are many kinds of hair styles alone, different hand gestures, and the expressions on their faces are even more varied. From their attire, expressions and gestures, one can tell whether they are officials or soldiers; whether they are foot soldiers, cavalrymen or horsemen. There are bearded veterans of the battlefield, as well as the first time on the battlefield of the flamboyant young man. Generals Terracotta Kneeling Terracotta Samurai Terracotta Warriors Terracotta War Horses
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