What is facility agriculture?

Facility agriculture is a modern agricultural way to efficiently produce animals and plants by using engineering technology in a relatively controllable environment. Facility agriculture includes facility planting, facility breeding and facility edible fungi.

Internationally, Europe and Japan usually use the concept of "facility agriculture", while the United States usually uses the term "controllable environmental agriculture". 20 12 the agricultural area of protected land in China has accounted for more than 85% of the world's total area, of which more than 95% is covered by polyolefin plastic film.

Facility agriculture in China has become the largest solar energy utilization project in the world. The absolute quantitative advantage makes China's facility agriculture enter a period of quantitative change and qualitative change, and its technical level is getting closer to the world advanced level.

The yield of protected cultivation is 3.5 times that of open cultivation, and the per capita cultivated land area in China is only 40% of the world's per capita area. Developing facility agriculture is the most effective technical project to solve the problem of restricting China's sustainable development.

Extended data:

The disadvantages of facility agriculture in China;

1, government policy

Multi-head management of government departments, facility agriculture involves gardening, animal husbandry, aquatic products and other departments, which restricts the coordinated and orderly development of facility agriculture from the system.

Insufficient investment in support funds. Although all provinces have introduced various preferential policies, the investment in supporting funds is still insufficient. The standardization of facility agriculture is low, and there is no unified standard for facility agriculture in China recently; In addition, many enterprises only pay attention to the performance index and quality of the main structure and supporting equipment of the greenhouse, but ignore the integrity of the greenhouse and the standardization of its supporting products.

2. Facility agriculture technology

The investment in scientific research and technological innovation in protected agriculture is insufficient, and there are few technologies and innovative technologies with independent intellectual property rights in key links such as greenhouse design and manufacturing in China; The development of facility agricultural equipment lags behind, the equipment is relatively simple, the environmental control ability is poor, and the degree of mechanization and automation is low.

The lack of professional and technical personnel in facility agriculture, the low technical level of farmers, and the overall quality and service level are not suitable for the development of facility agriculture; The quality and safety situation of agricultural products is grim. Excessive use of pesticides and fertilizers leads to the decline of the quality of fruits and vegetables, and the backward epidemic prevention and disinfection facilities for animal breeding endanger the health of consumers.

3. Market business activities

There are few leading enterprises in facility agriculture, and the radiation-driven ability is poor; In exploring the international market, there are few leading foreign trade enterprises, and the export volume of bulk flowers, fruits and vegetables is small. Most farmers are small in scale and the industrialization level of facility agriculture is low; Farmers' knowledge of the market is not enough, market information is ineffective, and there is some blindness in production, which leads to unstable income and weak ability to resist risks.

The role of specialized organizations in facility agriculture is relatively weak, and most professional associations are decentralized in management, with unclear subject status and weak market competitiveness; The mode of operation is still dominated by individual farmers, and the contradiction between the production and operation of the small-scale peasant economy and the big market and circulation is still outstanding.

References:

Baidu encyclopedia-facility agriculture