Furniture technological process

Changing the shape, size or physical properties of raw materials through various processing equipment, a series of working processes are called technological processes. In order to ensure the smooth and efficient production process, enterprises must establish the corresponding production process optimization mechanism and master the necessary methods and tools. Technological process is the basic part of the production process, and the composition of furniture production technological process is divided into several sections according to the processing characteristics or processing purposes. According to the actual situation of Yatai company's hotel custom furniture production, the production process operation guide is as follows:

First, the production process of solid wood woodworking

1, cutting

1). The moisture content of wood, which has not been dried, is generally above 50%, and the moisture content of wood used in furniture production should be controlled at around 8%- 10%, so the wood is not easy to crack and deform after drying.

2) Material preparation: Wood products can be divided into three types according to their parts: external materials, internal materials and dark materials. The straight grain and mountain grain of wood are distinguished and the color is the same. The width of material preparation should be reasonably allowed according to the required width. When selecting materials, internal cracks, end cracks, knots, blue changes and rotten wood parts should be eliminated.

3). Cut and trim the blank length, and lengthen the blanking by 20mm according to the required length.

4) Rough planing, that is, fixing the thickness of the wool board and planing the useless burrs on the wool board.

5) Splicing: the ratio of curing agent (10- 15g) and splicing glue (100g), adjust about 500g of glue each time, spread the glue evenly between the wood, and assemble the wood tightly with splicing clips. Let it stand for 4 hours, and then remove the splicing fixture after the glue solidifies. Pay attention to the height difference when splicing.

6). Saw to set the width, and use the longitudinal saw to set the width of the wood.

7). Press planing: the spliced materials need to be planed without excess glue on the surface of the wood, and then pressed into shape according to the required shape.

2, mechanical processing

1). Milling type. Using vertical milling, table gong machine, flower groove machine, small gong machine and other machines, the workpiece is milled into various shapes by selecting different tools and dies to meet the assembly requirements of appearance. The shape and size of machining shall conform to the drawings, and the machining accuracy must be guaranteed. The surface of the parts shall be smooth and smooth, with natural transition, and the line type shall be smooth and consistent. No stubble collapse, burr, tool jumping and black or obvious wavy machining marks are allowed.

2). Drilling. Drill holes according to the process requirements of the drawings, and no cracks and burrs are allowed during machining. The machining error of the hole position is less than 0.2 mm The first product can only be processed in batches after drilling and frequent installation to ensure the machining quality of the parts.

3) Fine cutting and fixing the length of wool to ensure that stubble collapse and blackening do not occur during processing. The processing error of length and width shall be less than 0.2mm, the diagonal below 1 m shall be less than or equal to ≤0.5mm, and the diagonal above 1 m shall be less than1mm..

4) tenon. According to the requirements of different products, different tools are selected for processing. Wood with the same thickness is placed on the platform of the machine, with the good side as the surface. After clamping the wood, press the pneumatic switch. After clamping the wood, it will move forward at a constant speed, then pull back to the top, release the pneumatic switch, take out the wood and carry out the second operation. If tenons are needed at both ends of the part, put down the toothed bar after cutting one end, and press the cut end on the gear plate and toothed bar. When operating, handle with care, put the processed workpiece on a special pad and put it in order in layers.

5). Slotting. Check whether there are scratches or bumps on the surface of the mold and template, determine the specific position of the groove to be opened on the part according to the requirements of the drawing, and understand the length, width and depth of the groove. Before processing, the machine shall be inspected with scraps to check whether the groove edge, groove depth and groove length meet the requirements, and then mass production can be carried out. The groove to be opened should be in a straight line and perpendicular to the side and surface (except for special-shaped parts), and the groove width and groove depth are allowed to be positive.

6). Polishing parts. After the mechanical processing is completed, the fine abrasive belt is loaded into the abrasive belt machine for sanding, and the feed rate is 0.1mm each time; ; Finished products with good sanding should be smooth, without sand marks and with consistent edges and corners.

Second, the woodworking production process of sheet metal

1, veneer. The veneer gluing process in our factory is processed by the supplier, and the returned veneers are put into storage after passing the inspection according to our standards, and the production department receives them according to the types and quantities of veneers used in the order.

2. Glue pressing.

1). The pressure and time of cold pressing should be determined according to different plates, adhesives and climate. Generally, the working pressure is 4-6 tons, and the time in cold weather (below 15 degrees) is not less than 4 hours, and the time in hot weather (above 15 degrees) is not less than 2 hours.

2). It is advisable for white latex not to leak or flow. After gluing, the board must be glued firmly, and degumming is not allowed. The planking board must be aligned with the adjacent edges of the skeleton, and the allowable deviation of the upper and lower boards is below 3 mm;

3). Slotting and drilling are not allowed in the parts that need to be inflated. Nails are not allowed to be higher than the board surface, and there can be no bending, deformation, scratches, rotten wood skin, stains or glue overflow.

Step 3 cut.

1). Put the plate near the push plate, align the edge of the plate, first saw the edge of the plate straight once, and saw off the veneer with a width of 5mm;

2) Adjust the machine according to the quantity and size of the bill of materials. The thickness of the plate on the machine should not exceed 8cm at a time. After opening, indicate the parts, names and quantities, and put them in the specified location.

3) The difference between the two diagonal lines is less than 2mm, and the tolerance of length, width and dimension is1mm; ; The difference between the two diagonal lengths is less than 1mm, and the tolerance of length and width is 0.5mm；;

4, solid wood edge sealing. Prepare the finished board and edge-sealing wood, process tenons and grooves on the side of the board, process tenons and grooves on the side of solid wood, apply glue evenly, and then clamp it with a fixture. After the glue solidifies, take off the fixture and remove the glue from the furniture. You can also make the edge strips into small wooden square tenon springs, process tenons and grooves on wood and plates, embed the wood strips in the slate with glue, and then carry out milling decoration and plane sanding after the glue is dried and cured. The edge sealing of solid wood should use the same or similar tree species as the veneer of the board, and the color and texture should match to ensure that it can be integrated with the board after edge sealing.

5, veneer edge sealing. Adjust the machine according to the size and thickness of the parts. After the machine is adjusted, try to seal two pieces to meet the requirements before batch operation. Cover plate and decorative panel should be firmly combined and sealed, and the surface should be smooth, clean, without glue marks and cracks. The sealing angle should be smooth, and there should be no broken edges or damage to ensure the accuracy of size and shape.

6. Fine sand. Use 120# abrasive belt to polish the surface material of the plate, so that the surface of the plate is smooth and smooth, and the smoothness is improved.

Fourth, the product coating process

1, rub the color. The colorist should try to wipe the toner after mixing it, and then hand it over to the production supervisor after confirming that the preparation is correct and appropriate (subject to the color sample and appropriate adjustment). Before work, stir the colorant evenly without precipitation, clean the brush and wipe it with an indelible cloth. Brush the product evenly with a brush, without any leakage. Then use a cloth strip to quickly wipe the decolourant clean. Check the product for unclean colorant residue, sagging, uneven coloring, etc.

2, hand-polished. Polishing is divided into two parts: wood grinding and oil grinding. First, fill all scratches in the assembled product, then polish the burr of the product with sandpaper, and then spray the primer. After the primer is sprayed dry, use sandpaper to smooth the burrs on the coated products, then spray the primer, and deliver the topcoat after repeated times.

3. Mechanical polishing. In order to improve work efficiency, mechanical polishing is adopted for parts with large plate product area. Some board surfaces have been treated by suppliers before carpentry, and need no polishing. Check that there are no quality problems, and directly hand over the surface oil process.

4, spraying primer, before spraying, dust should be blown clean, check the grinding effect and quality. The concentration of the first primer is 16 seconds, the concentration of the second primer is 18 seconds, and the concentration of the third primer is 16 seconds, and the thickness is cross. The natural drying time after each spraying is 6-8 hours.

5. Color modification. Check whether the product is good or not before changing color, and the dust and pollutants on the product need to be cleaned up. Use a paint mixer to color, then repair a prenatal sample according to the color sample, and the on-site supervisor will determine the color before operating.

6. Oil grinding. The color-chan product is naturally dried for 4-6 hour, and then that surface of the product is polished by 800# sandpaper. Attention should be paid to prevent paint leakage and colored paint from being played out during grinding.

7. Top coat. Before painting, check whether the product is in good condition, whether the product surface is smooth, and the dust and attachments on the surface must be cleaned up. The topcoat concentration is11-12s, and the thickness is cross.

8. The spraying times of furniture primer and topcoat will be different due to the process and customer requirements, and the specific situation will be operated according to the construction requirements of this batch. The spraying times of open paint, semi-closed paint and fully closed paint are basically kept between three bottoms and two sides and five bottoms and three sides.

Five, flexible packaging production process

1, nail the wooden frame. The fully flexible bedstead is made of plywood and the fully flexible sofa frame can be nailed with miscellaneous wood. The moisture content of wood should be controlled within 12%- 18%, and there should be no live insects or termites in the wood. The hardness of the selected wood is suitable, and there is no special requirement for pattern and color. After the sofa frame is nailed, cover it with plywood on the cracked wood square to prevent the sponge and other materials from collapsing under pressure. Parts that need to be painted, such as bedsteads, sofa handrails or sofa feet, are processed by the woodworking department according to the materials and colors of this batch of products, polished and painted, and then handed over to the soft packaging process.

2, bargain-hunting. After the nailed wooden frame passes the inspection, fix both ends of the spring on the sofa cushion and place the horse nail. The performance of spring steel is not lower than that of 65Mn or 70th steel, and then a cloth belt is nailed on the spring. Chair products don't need nail springs, and the cloth belt is nailed into a tight Tian Zige with a cloth width of 50-70 mm and a proper tightness. Finally, cover the sofa underframe with a layer of base cloth.

3. In the process of forming. Make templates according to the different shapes of software products, cut sponges according to the required size or template, and glue them on the chassis with a little spray glue. Fabric (cloth, leather or genuine leather, etc.). ) cut according to the required size or template, and then sewn into jacket cushions by sewing station. Then sew the sewn fabric on the sofa frame with sponge.

Six: packaging production process

1, test. Visual inspection: check whether the overall color matching of the product is consistent, and observe whether the paint surface of the product is flat under natural light, and whether there are sagging, uneven spraying, orange peel, missed spraying and white fog. Touch by hand: Touch the paint surface by hand to check whether the surface is smooth and whether there are particles. Feel the texture and feel of the paint by hand, and repair the slight defects on the surface of the product.

2. Accessories. Drawer guide rail installation, hardware, such as handle disassembly parts, are specially packaged into small bags to ensure that they are fixed inside the product with adhesive tape without damaging any part of the product. Large stainless steel hardware can be packaged separately, and the number of boxes can be marked on the packing box.

3. When packing, use pearl cotton or foam rubber pad for the bottom plate, laminated plate and other parts to ensure that it will not come loose during transportation, which will scratch and wear the painted parts of the product. Where the corners of finished furniture are easy to bump, wrap them with pearl cotton, protective strips and corner protectors before putting them into the packing box.

Seven. Flow chart of production process