On the fracture of the ancients

The essentials of bone-setting

The bone-setting experience of traditional Chinese medicine of Zhao Zheng Zheng

New fracture treatment

I. Why treating fracture with the combination of Chinese and Western medicine

There are two kinds of medical science in our country, and there is a set of methods of treating fracture with Chinese and Western medicine. Western medical treatment of fractures advocate "extensive immobilization", "complete rest". The use of including the fracture of the upper and lower joints of the plaster external fixation, long-term continuous bone traction and surgical incision internal fixation and other methods.

China's traditional Chinese medicine treatment of fractures has a unique theory and method. Relying on the rich clinical experience accumulated over a long period of time, it applies skillful techniques to fix the fracture, only applies splints to the fracture locally, encourages the patient's early activities, and advocates the combination of "static and motion". As a result, the fracture heals quickly, the function recovers well, the patient suffers less pain, and the medical cost is low. However, for some fractures that are difficult to fix, it is not easy to fix the fracture, the fracture is poorly aligned, often resulting in deformity healing.

Fixation and activity, bone and muscle, local and overall. Internal and external factors are four important and long-standing conflicts in fracture treatment that have not been well resolved. There have always been differences between Chinese and Western medicine, and between Western medicine and Western medicine. The four new principles of fracture treatment, namely, "combination of motion and static" (combination of movement and immobilization), "simultaneous emphasis on tendon and bone" (functional recovery and fracture healing go hand in hand), internal and external treatment (taking into account both the whole and the local), and cooperation between doctor and patient (close cooperation between medical measures and the patient's subjective initiative), have been put forward to find a way to embody the principles of fracture treatment mentioned above. The new principles of fracture treatment have found a new combination of Chinese and Western medicine fracture treatment that embodies the above principles, characterized by correct manipulation, local fixation with small splints and conscious functional exercises.

This method is not a simple addition of the methods of Chinese medicine and Western medicine, nor is it a localized improvement of certain fracture operations, but it is an organic combination of the best parts of Chinese and Western medicine in fracture treatment, which has been improved on this basis and has been developed in a new way. It has the advantages of faster fracture healing, shorter treatment time, less pain for patients, lower medical cost, better functional recovery, and fewer complications and sequelae.

Second, the key to fracture repair techniques

The limb is the body's organ of motion, it is the joints as the hub, the skeleton as a support, and muscle contraction as the driving force for movement. When the limb is subjected to strong violence or fracture caused by strong muscle contraction, the fracture broken end is displaced by the external force and muscle pulling, and the limb loses its ability to move due to the loss of skeletal scaffolding. Therefore, when treating a fracture, the first thing to do is to realign the displaced fracture ends to restore the scaffolding effect of the bones. The better the fracture ends are aligned, the more stable the scaffolding is, the sooner the patient can move around, and the fracture can heal quickly. Therefore, every fracture case should be carefully realigned to a satisfactory degree, some requiring anatomical alignment, some requiring functional alignment. In order to realize the purpose of anatomical correction and strong fixation, some western medical scholars have widely adopted the method of surgical incision and metal internal fixation to treat the fracture, and this method has certainly treated many cases that cannot be treated by manipulation or traction, but it also brings new troubles to the fracture patients. Surgery for fracture patients is equal to the injury on top of the injury, the closed fracture into an open fracture, increase the chance of wound infection, aggravate the tissue damage, reduce the healing ability of the fracture, so the fracture delayed healing or non-healing rate instead of increasing.

Inspired by the reasoning of "bone-splitting manipulation" and "bone-splitting pads" used in fixing forearm fractures in Chinese medicine, we realized that the special nature of the forearm is rotation, and rotation is the main deformity in the four deformities appearing after a fracture. As long as the rotational deformity is solved, the other deformities will be solved. When the fracture is restored, the force of "bone splitting" from the metacarpal dorsal side of the fracture can separate the close fracture segments, increase the ulnar-flexor gap, and tense the interosseous membrane, the interosseous membrane hanging between the flexor and ulnar bones pulls the interosseous ridge when it is tense, so that they are confronted with each other, and the distal and proximal segments of the fracture are rotated to the neutral position. Under the action of the "bone-splitting force", the two bones of the distal and proximal segments stabilize each other, the width between the two bones is naturally equal, and each of them becomes a unit, so that a complex double fracture can be restored together as a single fracture. Under the splint fixation, the "bone-splitting pad" continues to play the role of "bone-splitting", which can effectively control the rotational activities that are unfavorable to the healing of the fracture, so that the fracture is kept in the position after the revision until the fracture heals, and the patient's elbow and wrist joints are able to move as usual, and the fracture heals in a few weeks, and the function of the limb is also improved. The patient's elbow and wrist joints can move as usual, and the fracture heals in a few weeks, and the function of the limb is restored. Such a simple solution to a problem that used to be difficult to solve with a complex approach shows the superiority of combined Chinese and Western medicine therapy. This is true for forearm fractures, as well as other fractures. Combination of Chinese and Western medicine therapy from simple to complex, from the backbone to joints, from the limbs to the trunk, from fresh to old, from closed to open fracture, and gradually developed, and from the practice of modeling a new set of fracture restoration techniques: hand touching the heart will be, pulling, stretching and traction, rotating flexion and stretching, end of the extrusion and lifting and pressing, rocking and touching, massage massage; pinch and squeeze the bone, folding the top and rotating. The eight techniques can be used flexibly for different types of fractures, and the misaligned fracture can be corrected through the skin. This approach seems simple, in fact, the technical requirements are higher, need to repeatedly practice, can be mastered.

China's traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years, relying on manipulation of the bones, has accumulated a wealth of experience, and has a deeper understanding: "Manipulators, that is to place the injured tendons and bones of the two hands, so that they are still restored to the old. ---- Therefore, we must be aware of its physical appearance, recognize its location, once the clinical opportunity to touch the outside; skillfully born in the inside, the hand with the heart to turn, the law from the hand, the law of the implementation of the patient does not know its suffering, the party said manipulation also." These highly generalized scientific summaries should still be followed by people today. Therefore, before the rehabilitation, first of all, carefully analyze the process of fracture, understand the reasoning, in order to develop a correct rehabilitation program, with the program can choose the appropriate rehabilitation techniques, with specific techniques to determine the orientation of the two hands and the size of the force, with the strength of the material basis, you can skillfully will be a fracture rehabilitation. Successful accumulation of experience, failure to learn from the lessons. After repeated practice and repeatedly summarize the positive and negative experience, you can gradually reach the ancient saying: "cover the bone, must be clear and skillful, both know its condition, but also make good use of the technique, and then the treatment from the more effective" degree.

Three, the small splint fixation force from where

Fracture repair must be fixed, in order to maintain the position of the fracture after repair, to prevent re-displacement. And the re-displacement of the fracture after revision is mainly affected by two kinds of intrinsic limb force.

1. Gravity of the limb: the weight of the limb cannot be changed, but its center of gravity moves with the extension and flexion of the limb. The center of gravity is far away from the fracture line, the greater the tendency to shift due to gravity.

2. Muscle pulling force: fracture re-displacement is passive, muscle contraction activity is active. Muscle contraction activity, can cause fracture redisplacement, is its negative side; but the fracture only through the coordinated activity of the muscles, can maintain fixed in the position after the restoration.

Any external fixation is a kind of external force, which can maintain the position of the fracture after the reduction and minimize the activity of the fracture part, but can not make the fracture broken end not move at all. Before the fracture is healed, the activity of the broken end of the fracture is absolute, while the immobilization is only relative. There are two types of movement of the broken end of the fracture: movement that is detrimental to fracture healing and movement that is favorable to fracture healing. The crux of the matter is what method of immobilization can be used to control the unfavorable activities that make the broken end of the fracture (rotation, angulation, and separation) while preserving the activities that are favorable to fracture healing (opposing compression).

Splinting only fixes the fracture locally, it is very light and adds little weight to the limb, the upper and lower joints of the fracture can be moved, the gravity of the limb below the articular surface of the distal segment of the fracture is absorbed by the joints that can be moved, and the tendency to displacement of the fracture is greatly reduced. Splints are tied to the limb with cloth straps, maintained at the proper tightness, and the fixation device is always close to the surface of the limb, moving with the limb. When the circumference of the limb thickens during muscle contraction, the pressure on the splint increases. The pressure on the part of the paper pad is greater, the splint then deforms, the fracture will not be dislocated; on the contrary, when the muscle relaxation, the circumference of the limb becomes thin, the pressure of the splint on the limb decreases, and the elasticity after the deformation of the splint focuses on the part of the paper pad, which not only maintains the fracture in the position of the repair, but also corrects the fracture which is not ideal for the original reset gradually.

Therefore, we believe that splinting local external fixation is a kind of positive dynamic fixation, which is a kind of power balance, is a dynamic braking, adapting to the physiological requirements of the limb, in line with the mechanics of external fixation. Splint is bundled on the outside of the colloid, and its fixation force comes from the inside of the limb, which is the external force acting through the internal force. Splinting local external fixation can also be the fracture correction, fixation and functional exercise three steps closely together, correction that is, fixation, fixation can continue to correction, in the fixation of the limb can be active, basically eliminating the joints ankylosis, muscle atrophy, osteoporosis, fracture delayed healing and non-healing and other comorbidities occurring.

Four, functional exercise can accelerate fracture healing

Chinese and Western medicine combined to make the fracture healing significantly faster, the whole process of treatment is significantly shorter, osteoporosis, fracture delayed healing and non-healing nearly eliminated, the reason lies in the fracture in the splinting of the fixed limb can move. Splinting local fixation. -Kind of can move the fixation, if the patient does not closely cooperate, dare not move, not only the splint fixation effect is poor, the fracture healing is slow.

Chinese and Western medicine combined treatment of fracture

(A) local treatment and overall treatment of both

Fracture is caused by external causes, but after the fracture will cause a series of changes in the whole. Chinese medicine believes that "limb injury in the outside, then the blood injury in the internal, Ying and Wei have not been consistent, the internal organs by the discord". This clearly illustrates the relationship between the local and the whole. Local injuries, can not only start from the local, but should be considered from the unity of the relationship between the local and the whole.

The Chinese medicine treatment of bone fracture has the doctrine of "removing blood stasis and generating new ones", and the treatment of bone fracture "must be preceded by the activation of blood circulation and elimination of blood stasis; if the blood is not activated, the blood stasis cannot be removed, and if the blood stasis cannot be removed, the bone cannot be connected". The meaning of "blood stasis" in TCM is broader, including overall "qi and blood" disorder and local hematoma. Hematoma is not the basis of fracture healing, but when hematoma is too large, it will play a role in hindering fracture healing. From the recent clinical materials and animal experiments, it has been proved that the formation of bone scab mainly relies on the proliferation and differentiation of the periosteal cells and endosteal cells at the fracture end, and the hematoma is too large for the osteoclasts at the two ends of the fracture to extend towards the center of the "meeting"; it can play an obstructive role, which is consistent with the doctrine of the motherland medicine, which is "removing blood stasis and generating new ones". This is consistent with the doctrine of "removing blood stasis and generating new blood" of Chinese medicine. In order to achieve early "activation of blood stasis", Chinese medicine advocates the use of internal and external drugs. According to animal experiments, it is proved that the internal medicine has obvious effect of activating blood circulation, and the external medicine has better effect of dispersing blood stasis.

(II) Combination of fixation and activity

In the treatment of fracture, in order to keep the fracture in alignment, so that the fracture broken end healing fixation is necessary. Activity is an important factor in maintaining the limb's ability to live, promoting blood circulation, and enhancing material metabolism, which is favorable to the healing of fractures. However, fixation will inevitably affect the limb activity, thus in the process of fracture treatment, there is a contradictory relationship between motion and static, fixation and limb activity, is the key to promote fracture healing and maintain joint function.

The local bandage fixation method of traditional Chinese medicine embodies the principle of combining "motion and static" required for fracture healing. Because it only fixes the injured part, but not the upper and lower joints of the fracture. The use of elastic paper pads and small splints, the fracture localization fixed up, not only can maintain the position of the fracture after repair, limit the activities of the broken end of the fracture, especially for the healing of the fracture is not favorable to the activities can be effectively controlled; but also allows the limbs and muscles to carry out the necessary physiological activities. When the limb moves, the external fixation moves with the limb piece. Due to the pressure of the paper pad and the elasticity of the fixed splint, the intrinsic power generated by the muscle contraction activity is transmitted to the fracture end, which produces a kind of opposing compression between the fracture ends. This action maintains and promotes the repositioning of the fracture and is a physiological stimulus that is favorable to fracture healing.

In immobilizing a fracture, the duration and extent of immobilization should be reduced to a minimum, while allowing movement to be extended to a maximum without impeding the immobilization necessary for fracture healing. In the course of treatment, the movement and immobilization should be given appropriate cooperation according to the pathologic characteristics of the various stages of different types of fractures in different parts of the body, and the patient's different specific responses to the treatment. Generally speaking. Upper limb fracture from the beginning of treatment, should be active activities, the earlier the activity, the faster the fracture healing, functional recovery is also good; Lower limb muscle-rich, long limb, heavy weight, fracture shear force. Therefore, no matter purely local bandage external fixation or at the same time with bone traction, there should be a 2 to 3 weeks of fixation maintenance period, in addition to passive activities during this period, the patient can take the initiative to exercise the muscle contraction, and then you can gradually practice limb extension and flexion activities.

Before the fracture is not healed, no matter what kind of external fixation is used, it can only minimize the activity of the fracture, but not make the fracture absolutely immobile. The use of local bandage external fixation is to make the internal dynamics of the limb by the fracture caused by the imbalance to achieve balance, in order to maintain the fracture reset, as well as in the limited conditions of fixation, but also can be sufficient to carry out the limb activities of the fixation method, it is a kind of active active fixation, in line with the physiological law of the limb, can promote the healing of the fracture, so that the function of the limb to return to normal.

(C) fracture healing and functional recovery at the same time, mutual promotion

The purpose of fracture treatment is to restore the function of the limb, and the key to restore the function of the limb is to get reasonable treatment of both bone and soft tissue. Thus, in the treatment of fractures, it is necessary to promote the early healing of fractures, but also to maintain the function of the limb. Local bandage immobilization can combine immobilization and activity to accelerate fracture healing, and it can also make the three stages of fracture correction, immobilization and functional recovery closely linked together to ensure the recovery of limb function. If we simply consider rehabilitation, immobilization or functional recovery in one period, not only the treatment process is long, the patient suffers a lot, and it is easy to cause the limb function to be difficult to recover. In the treatment of fracture, the fixation is taken care of in the correction, and there is partial correction in the fixation; at the same time, the functional exercise is carried out from the beginning of the fixation. In this way, the combination of correction, fixation and functional recovery is organic, and as the fracture heals, the function of the limb is basically restored. In the early stage of fracture treatment, the swollen limb end, massage, in order to help the swelling subside, in order to prevent joint stiffness, daily activities of the fracture part of the upper and lower joints, encourage the patient in the limb does not move, constantly practicing muscle contraction activities in order to prevent muscle atrophy, tendon adhesion, as long as the fracture localization is stable, the pain of the affected limb disappeared, the functional exercise from the passive to the patient's automatic activities, and advocate that if you can move, you can move, walk, take this kind of Chinese medicine, and then walk, and then walk, and then walk. The combination of traditional Chinese and Western medicine treatment method, because there is no need for functional recovery period, the whole process of fracture healing will be significantly shortened, greatly reducing the patient's pain.

Developing a complete set of fracture treatment methods

An ethical way to set the fracture, immobilize the fracture without affecting the limb's movement, and let the patient live like a normal person during the healing period of the fracture, is said to be an ideal fracture treatment method. Now we through the top ten maneuvers, in the case of not increasing the patient's pain, not to aggravate the local damage can be the fracture correction, the use of twelve forms of external fixation for fixation, not only can the fracture will be maintained in the position of the correction, but also through the reasonable functional exercise, with the healing of the fracture, the limb function is also basically restored, the original slightly poorly repositioned fracture in the activities of the fracture can be automatically corrected, the fracture can be more and more better and better alignment! The patient is physically and mentally healthy, emotionally satiated, and works closely with the doctor for early recovery.

Orthopaedic treatment

Chinese and Western medicine combined treatment of fracture is based on modern anatomy, correct understanding of the physiological and pathological laws of fracture, absorption of Chinese and Western original experience, for each different part, type of fracture, the application of different methods of restoration and immobilization, as well as effective and restrained functional activities to achieve the therapeutic purpose.

Through the treatment of the above methods, it promotes blood circulation, strengthens the material metabolism, makes the osteoblasts and chondrocytes grow rapidly and form the bone scabs, which accelerates the healing of the fracture and restores the function of the affected limb in time, and overcomes the tendency to re-displace due to the long term continual fixation of the plaster and the local nutritional deficiencies caused by the stagnation of the circulation, the contraction of the muscle, the bone decalcification, the adhesion of the tendon and the occurrence of a series of comorbidities. The development of a series of comorbidities.

To achieve a correct and smooth manipulation and fixation and drug treatment, the first condition is to have a detailed examination and diagnosis, only then can according to the type of fracture, the degree of injury and the form of displacement of the fracture end to determine the correction of manipulation and fixation and drug treatment guidelines.

The significance of fracture classification:

Rehabilitation: clarification of the type of fracture often suggests a satisfactory method of reduction.

Fixation: also provides a condition for whether the fracture break is stable after reduction.

Only by identifying the type of fracture can the correct reduction technique be applied and the appropriate external fixation device be used to achieve a satisfactory treatment result.

Traction assistant three requirements: 1, know the condition; 2, know the technique; 3, have arm strength.

Pad: an important means of maintaining reset and correcting residual displacement.

The production must be appropriate and the placement must be accurate.

Medicine Zong Jinjian

Author Wu Qian, word Liu Ji (lived in the 18th century AD), Shexian, Anhui Province, for the Qing famous medical doctor, served as the Imperial College of Physicians Journal, for the Medical Zong Jinjian, the chief repair officer (today's editor-in-chief). This book became in 1724 AD.

The Essentials of Bone-setting Methods

The General Introduction to Manipulation

Manipulation is the placement of the injured tendons and bones with the two hands, so that they can be restored to the old. However, there are serious and light injuries, and there are different ways to deal with them. The speed of healing, and the disability or not, are all related to the appropriateness of the maneuver, or the loss of the appropriate, or not exhaustive method. Cover the body of the bones of the body, is not the same, and the 12 meridians and tendons of the listing of the order of the genus, but also different. Therefore, we must be aware of its body phase, knowledge of its parts, once the evidence, the machine touches the outside, skill born in the inside, the hand with the heart to turn, the law from the hand out. Or tugging away from the composite, or push on and reset, or its slant, or complete its queue, the bone of the cut off, broken, diagonal break, tendon of the relaxation, longitudinal, curling, contracture, turn, turn, away, together, although in the flesh, to hand, since the situation, the law of the implementation of the patient does not know the pain, the party is called a maneuver also. The place of injury, more about life, such as the seven orifices on the brain marrow, close to the heart of the king, the four end of the injury, the pain into the heart. That is, or the person's vitality is strong, the blood is easy to dissipate, can be healed by the period of time, the technique can not be used indiscriminately; if the vitality is weak, once injured, the situation has been difficult to support, and set up the technique is wrong, it is difficult to undo carry forward. This is why we should be especially cautious. Covering the bone, must be clear and skillful, both know its condition, but also good use of no maneuver, and then the treatment from more effective. Honestly hand this body of flesh and blood, the use of the wonderful, can be a has been the volume of Shu, high and low speed, light and heavy open and close, can reach the patient's blood and gas stagnation, skin and flesh swelling and pain, contracture of tendons and bones, and the pain of the emotional and mental desire. Compared with the apparatus engaged in the restraints, a far cry. It is the maneuver, sincere bone of the first business.

Manual interpretation

Touch method: touch, with the hands of the injured place, or bone broken, bone broken, bone crooked, bone whole, bone soft, bone hard, tendon strong, tendon soft, tendon crooked, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, tendon, and the old and the new sufferer. First touch it or for the fall, or wrong flash, or hit, and then according to the law.

Join the method: the person, that is to say, so that the broken bones, together in one place, back to the old also. Where the bone of the wrong fall, or broken and two points, or folded and sunken, or broken and scattered, or Qi and evening protruding, phase its situation, slowly connected, so that the breakers are renewed, sunken and up, broken and finished, protruding back to the level. Or with the technique, or with the instrument, or the technique, the instrument is divided into successive and used at the same time, is also in the doctor's understanding.

The end method: end of the two hands or a hand tackled the end of the place, discretionary weight, or from the bottom to the end, or from the outside to the inside of the bracket, or straight end, oblique end. Covering the bone from its position, must use the technique of end, then not to wait for a long time, and the bone seam that is closed, but still must be impartial, and after the healing of no uneven length of the disease.

The method of mentioning: mentioning, that is, the bone under the trap, put forward as the old also. The method is not one, there are two hands to carry the person, there are ropes and silk tied to a high place to carry the person, there is to carry after the use of equipment to assist the person who is not still trapped, must be measured by the lightness of the injury, and then the depth of the treatment. If the heavy light to mention, the disease can not be healed; light heavy to mention, although the old disease to go, but also increase the new disease carry on.

Massage method: press, that is to say, the hand to the downward suppression of the also. Mo, that is, slowly kneading also. This method is covered for the skin and flesh injuries, but the swelling hard numbness, and the bone is not broken also set. Or because of the fall and flashing loss, so that the bones open wrong, stagnant blood, for the swelling for pain, it is appropriate to use the massage method, according to its meridians, in order to pass the depression of the gas, Mo its congestion, in order to dissipate the stasis of the swelling, the patient can be healed.

Push and take method: Push, that is to say, the hand down to suppress the also. Take, or two hands a pinch of the affected area, discretionary light and heavy, slowly and slowly in order to restore its position. If the swelling and pain has been removed, the wound has been healed, in which there may be tendons anxious and turn shake not very convenient, or tendons vertical and movement is not quite free, or between the bones and joints of the slightest misalignment is not seamless, is the injury is flat, while the popularity of blood is not smooth, should not be picked up, the whole, the end of the mention of the law, it is advisable to take, in order to pass the meridians of the blood and gas also. Covering the body of the meridian points, there are large meridian fine points, a push a take, depending on its strengths and weaknesses of discretion and use, then there are declared through the method of tonic and diarrhea, so the patient is not healed.

The above articles, is the eight law of the general so. As for the weighing of the evidence, a moment of ingenuity, God and the Ming, save a person carry on.

Apparatus General

Tumbling and fluttering injuries, although the manipulation of the treatment, I am afraid that not all the appropriate, so that there is a treatment such as the suffering of the untreated, it is not possible to cloud the medical science of the details. I have made the body up and down, the positive side of the elephant, the production of equipment in order to correct, with auxiliary maneuvers are not caught, in order to hope that the division of the composite, the interjection is back to the correct, high on the level, the sinking of the rise of its position, then the dangerous evidence can be turned to security, serious injuries can be on the light. And then apply the work of medicine and bait, and more show the goodness of nourishment, then the orthopedic way is complete.

Internal treatment of miscellaneous evidence method

Methods General

Today's orthopedics, that is, the ancient evidence of bruises and injuries. The blood from the theory, must first identify or stasis of blood stagnation, or for the death of too much blood, and then apply the internal treatment method, so that there is no error. If the skin is not broken and internal damage, there is more blood stasis, broken flesh injury bacteria, each resulting in too much blood. The two treatments are different. If there is stasis of blood, it is appropriate to attack and benefit, and if there is loss of blood, it is appropriate to tonify the blood. But bleeding is not much, there is no blood stasis, the rule of law outside the rule of law, but also to look at their injuries up and down the lightness of the shallow depth of the difference between the number of meridians and blood, must be the first to expel blood stasis, and the glory of the pain, and then nourish the qi and blood, since there is no ineffective. If the damage is not loaded in the theory of miscellaneous evidence, the analysis of categories are listed in detail in the door, scholars should pay attention to.

"Injuries compilation"

Author Hu Tingguang, word eye Sichuan (living in the late eighteenth to nineteenth centuries), today's Zhejiang Xiaoshan County, for the Qing Dynasty medical doctor. This book was written in 1815

Bone-setting song

Bone-setting is different from the method, and the song is organized in order to say that the whole work, if you can realize the meaning of which, the wonderful method are all under the grasp. The bones of many hands and feet are fractured, short or long or dislocated, concave or convex or crooked, so be sure to caress the hands and feet carefully. Longer off the short shrunk on the sudden concave skewed appropriate measurements, the body if the bone is broken and divided, must use three fingers when the Mo. Inside like pulsating general呵, fracture broken no different how, the whole bone first take life-preserving pills, wine under the bone soft side to move him. Hand and foot broken must be pulled and twisted well, foot broken and long to add a labor, first of all, the soles of the feet firmly bag solid, broken bones under the micro-tan high. Under the heel of the foot more high Tan, the disease is cured without suffering from the self-test, such as the bag solid bone is still long, the longer the longer the more disgusting. This is the hand work of the shrinking method, the hand is long and difficult to cure into a waste of bow, crooked from the affected bone under the support up, straighten without crooked return to the same. The joint is not protruding, the concave is twisted properly without any difference, the test hand must be flush with both hands, and the test foot must be placed side by side. The plaster is needed urgently, the light and fine cloth is spread according to the body skin, the length and width of the cloth follow the affected area, the plaster should be spread thickly and mixed with more spreads. The paste will be tightly wrapped package affixed, clamped non-fir skin power is not winning, soaking soft gradually dissected away from the thick skin, the board is long and the affected area is short square weighing. Also when the rows of tight and heavy, clip on the cloth wrapped around the cloth is not loose, wrapped around the cloth width should be two inches, from top to bottom of the best efforts to seal the cloth, and then tied on the cloth three belts, the middle of the upper and lower protection of the vitals, the first tied to the middle and then the two ends of the wide and tight is appropriate to begin to peace and security. If the hands and feet are broken diagonally, the middle is tight and the ends are wide; if the bones are broken like a bamboo, the middle is wide and the gas is gathered at the ends. Gas and blood to gather at the broken place, the hand with a band to restore the palm, feet to rice bags on both sides of the next, to be fixed immobile better than the wonderful medicine. Symptomatic soup and pills are administered every day, the medicine is washed and replaced with cream on three dates, the bone is firmly attached at the time of the three sevens, and it is not appropriate to commit sexual intercourse with oil and fish. The Zijin Dan as a collection of examples, the bone is still strong and no ills, I am now compiling this method of song, passed on to future generations must be careful.

Superior Joints

Superior joints are not the same as bone joints, it all depends on the technique and body work, it is better to be light and heavy for the masters, and it is better to be scared and cheated at the same time, so that people do not realize the suddenness of the method, and the bone has been gathered together as if the problem is already known. I'm not sure if I'm going to be able to do that, but I'm sure I'll be able to do it," he said.

To the chin song secret

Skull round said skull, under the bone off the two kinds of request, one side for the wrong bilateral fall, on the like a curved ring like hooks, the two fingers in the mouth Qi heavy press, each cheek cheeks outside the * * * * gently kneading, the chin to the inside of the Xu Tuo, Tuo on the must be used with a belt pocket.

Lifting the neck and bones

People who climbed to a high place suddenly met with a shock, the first must first fall neck bone ha, face tilted up hard to hang down but stretching continued, the head is low and can not afford to end of the engine, inserted in the cavity must be lifted, the bone on the crooked to be straightened out, the two to see whether there are other bumps, the temporary discretion degree of their feelings.

The whole back and waist bone song

The spine and waist beams are born in sections, there is no disjointing or tilting of the joints, the waist is difficult to move because of the frustration, and the back or the body is hunched and the bones are not flat. The spinal tendons have been stretching out of place, and the cracks in the bones are stretching out, so press the tendons back to their original place, and the tendons will be lighter if they are relaxed.

Shoulder Joints

The joints are like pestles and mortars. If the tip of the elbow is bent at the back, then the bones should be shrugged at the front. If you are a regular doctor or have two people pulling on your shoulder, you will have to fix it alone, but if you are a woman, you will have to cheat your way through the secret family traditions.

To the elbow tip of the song

The arm and shoulder is said to be the tip of the elbow, convex and concave up and down the bone set sticky, straight but not curved tendon disease, flexion if it is difficult to extend the bone is suspected, the bone cracks and cracks open the turnover of the support good, tendon across the longitudinal anxious take hold of peace, still should be rested hanging in the neck, flexion and bending of the time, the disease does not add.

No Wrist

Wrists are like water and bone connections in a farmer's cart, tilted up and down and curved like a joint, and should be prevented from being restored when the cart is exhausted, or turned upside down when the horse is chugging along. The hand must first meet the tendon against the wrong, palm as after the bone open bias, gently take hold of the bone back to the original place, if the bone is restored to the tendon has been healed.

The upper thigh joint song

The ring-jumping point is located in front of the cross-bone, the middle part of the pestle and mortar is like a machine spinning, the tendon is turned over and swollen and the heel tends to be knotted, the bone is wrong and oblique leg and foot limp, it is advisable to use the hand to hold and foot instead of the hand, or to apply a cloth tie and a rope to hang.

Push the knee bone song secret

Knee bone shape round cover between the knees, the original system of activities of the tendons trigger, cover to move the legs on the waist across the pain, the bones walk in the polycarbonate hard to walk, if out of the outer tendons swollen, such as away from the inner popliteal difficult to bend, push the tendons and press the bone back to its original position, hold the knee and peace, what is wrong with it.

Tugging on the ankles

The toes and heels of the feet and ankles together, injuring the tendons and moving the bones to make it difficult to walk, the toes to the back should be known to be frustrated, the ankle bone skewed is surely twisted; bone protruding bone arrears should be touched to find out, the tendons turn over the tendons to be divided into clear, tendons must be kneaded and dialed must be tugged on, tendons, if the bone is uniformly leveled also leveled.

"Immortal authorization of injury renewal secret formula"

Author Lan Daoren (lived in the ninth century), Chang'an (now Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province), for the Tang Dynasty orthopedic surgeon. This book was probably written in 841-846 AD.

Reasoning Injury Renewal Formula

Healing and organizing the mending of the next recipe

One, decoction of water to wash, two, phase degree of damage, three, pulling and stretching, four, or force to income bone, five, press the right, six, with the Black Dragon Scattered through, seven, with the wind flow of the powder to fill the sores, eight, pinch, nine, take the medicine, ten, and then washed, eleven, and then use the Black Dragon Scattered through, twelve, or then fill the sores with the Wind Flow Scattered, thirteen, and pinch, fourteen, still the previous medication to treat the wound, the wound, the sores, the wound, the wound, the wound. The first step is to take the medicine as before.

The evidence of the treatment of quasi rope

Author Wang Kentang, the word Yutai, the number of loss of an, since the name of the Nianxi Jushi (A.D. l549 a 1613), for the Ming Dynasty, a famous medical practitioner. This book was written in 1608 AD.

Injury theory

Injury theory said: the injury must seek its source, to see the severity of the disease, the loss of the depth of the review, where people all over the body, from the top to the foot, there are cuts and bruises bruises and bruises and blade injuries are all of them. All of these evidence, each has its own say, when the first table and after serving the loss of medicine, for the doctor when the treatment of its rationale. However, the intention of the doctor, do not know the intention of the person, not a good doctor. Or endowed with stupidity, can not view the evidence of the severity, the loss of the depth of the Ming, without the table of reasoning through the Lee, the first loss of medicine, more than a mistake. There is therefore phlegm and saliva on the attack, there is therefore the size of the internal organs closed, not even a fraction of a mile, the so-called medical not three times, do not serve its medicine, believe it! This is the outline of the treatment of injury. However, the medicine can not be poor, and rectify the maneuver especially can not be Menglang.

Qing dynasty court orthopedic medical institutions

Chinese class at the profile

Qing dynasty eight banners soldiers good riding, and there is a "good servant camp", "key sharp battalion", so often fall servant fall, dislocation of joints, bruises and arrow wounds. The main task of the team was to provide the best service for the students. As the main task of the team of the Court is to raise horses, horse training, soldiers are often injured, in the team of the Court has a nickel class (nickel class that is the Manchu orthopedic). At the same time, the Imperial Hospital set up nine sections along the Ming system, which has a bone and sores section (can cure arrow wounds) two institutions exist at the same time.

Jiaqing 24 years (1820), the court of the Imperial Hospital to do a reorganization of the orthopedic department canceled to the team home of the Chopan Division, became the only orthopedic medical institutions within the Palace, into the heyday of medical technology is maturing, a large number of excellent doctors of various ethnic groups of Mongolia, Manchuria, and China.

The famous Mongolian orthopedic surgeon, Jueluo Isang'a, (1736-1795) started his career as an orthopedic surgeon in the early Qing Dynasty and became a rich man. He taught his disciples the method of bamboo pipe cut into several sections, wrapped in cloth, and then let the students friction bamboo pipe, so that each section of the truncated bamboo pipe by friction on the good, as if not truncated. Then this technique was used to connect the bones, which had a very good effect. The characteristics of the Team of Teams Chopanji's techniques are: stable, accurate, correct, whole, connected, and real, which represent the Chopanji's skillful techniques in terms of academic school of thought. The method of teaching is mainly oral and physical, with fewer written records.

In the mid-Daoguang period, De Shoutian doctor long, Manchu, birth and death is ominous, Degong was trained in the team of the Institute of nickel class. Due to the treatment of fractures, joint dislocations, soft tissue injuries and other chronic illnesses have unique and famous in the capital, known as "nickel class de". In addition to the internal value of worship, but also often accompanied by the Holy Spirit. For the fifth rank imperial physician, the first son of the direct lineage Gui Zhufeng. Because of the long life of Degong, Guangxu years, but also had to personally pass the profession in Gui Zhufeng's disciple Xia Xifu.

Because of the Imperial Hospital and the team of hospitals are not set up massage specialties, so Chopan in the De Shoutian, Gui Zhu Feng and even the end of the Qing Dynasty during the Xia Xifu, at the same time, responsible for the treatment of massage, massage. Due to the limitations of the feudal system, the object and type of disease of Tui Na and massage have certain limitations. Tui Na techniques emphasize "unity of intention" and "cultivation of power", i.e., the "one-finger Zen Tui Na Law", which focuses on the thumb, and "unity of intention", i.e., the patient's spirit should be focused on the application of the technique, and the idea should be used to guide the fingers. The idea of unity refers to the concentration of the patient's spirit when applying manipulation, the use of the idea to guide the finger force, the appropriate lightness and weight, the softness of the rigidity, the rigidity of the softness, the rigidity of the softness and the identification of the evidence and the treatment. Cultivation of gong power, i.e., the forging and cultivation of finger power, is soft and penetrating when applying manipulation, heavy but not stagnant, light but not floating, and contains the gong power of qigong cultivation. Through the contact between the fingers and the patient's body and the power, the patient has a sense of "getting gas". This feeling cannot be described in detail in written language. This is the embodiment of the power of the technique. Degong and his disciple Guigong are representative of the combination of skill and power.

The famous doctor in Chopan, Jyollo Isang-ah, taught his disciples the method of bone-setting, orally and physically, with the emphasis on the word "receive". And to the Daoguang years De Shoutian in the Choban office to teach disciples from touching the word to start, "touch" for diagnosis, in the historical conditions at that time there is no X-ray machine, diagnosis of the condition of the hand touch, "touch" the importance of the method, self-evident. Degong will be "touch" skills to teach each of the disciples of the Chopan Branch, equal treatment without reservation, in order to heal the sick and save lives as