The introduction of blue and white porcelain shows the characteristics and charm of different dynasties.

Blue and white porcelain has always been an important exhibit in our art exhibition hall and museum exhibition hall. Blue and white porcelain is beautiful and exquisite, and always presents us with a noble and elegant gesture. From the moment when blue-and-white porcelain was produced, the ancients demanded more and more perfection in the manufacture of blue-and-white porcelain, and their skills were superb, but the blue-and-white porcelain of each dynasty always showed its historical characteristics. Therefore, the blue-and-white porcelain in each dynasty is very different, so today I will focus on introducing the texture and production methods of blue-and-white porcelain in different dynasties to show the different charm of blue-and-white porcelain.

Blue and white porcelain was in its infancy in the Tang Dynasty. Its green matter is rich in color, speckled, low in manganese and iron, and contains copper and cobalt, so it should be imported from Central Asia and West Asia. The fetal quality is coarse and loose, grayish brown and the sintering degree is poor. The bottom glaze is white and yellow, and the enamel is thick. Apply makeup soil between fetal glazes. The types of containers are mainly small pieces, such as complex, bowls, cans and lids. The decorative patterns are all flowers and plants except the fish and algae tanks collected by Copenhagen Museum in Denmark. Among them, flower patterns are divided into two categories. One is typical traditional flowers in China, especially carnations, plum blossoms and other small flowers. The other is the typical Arabic pattern, with geometric figures such as diamond-shaped loose-leaf patterns. From this point of view, combined with the place where blue-and-white porcelain was unearthed in the Tang Dynasty (Yangzhou was an important port in the Tang Dynasty), it can be proved that blue-and-white porcelain in the Tang Dynasty was mainly exported.

After the initial stage, the blue-and-white porcelain in the Tang Dynasty did not develop rapidly, but declined. The fetal quality of blue-and-white porcelain in Song Dynasty is coarse and fine. Decorated with chrysanthemum patterns, circle patterns, chord patterns, line stripes and so on. Blue and white hair color is thicker and darker in the previous place; The latter is lighter. If the hair color is dark, it should be because the transparent glaze of the cover is too thin. Zhejiang province itself is rich in cobalt clay minerals, and these blue-and-white porcelain wares should use local cobalt materials. They are not directly related to Tang Qinghua.

The most striking feature of the decorative pattern of blue-and-white porcelain in Yuan Dynasty is its full composition and many layers without disorder. The brushwork is good at one stroke, smooth and powerful; The contour rendering is heavy and steady. Lotus petals are shaped like "braces", and Taoist treasures are mostly painted on lotus petals; In ruyi cloud pattern, eight monsters in the sea, lotus flowers with broken branches and flowers with tangled branches are often painted, and third-order clouds are often painted; The stalk in the middle of banana leaves is solid (filled with green matter); Seawater line is a combination of thick line and thin line.

Blue-and-white porcelain reached its peak and declined in Ming and Qing Dynasties, but the blue-and-white porcelain of Yongle and Xuande (1403- 1435) showed a high level of craftsmanship. The green material used in this period is mainly Suniboqing, and "rust spots" are common. There are also some domestic green materials. But even if it is made in China, the hair color is quite good. There are plates, bowls, pots, cans, cups and so on. In particular, some non-China cultural utensils, such as Buddhist monk's hat pot, ribbon flat pot and flower watering device, reflect the cultural exchange and integration with outlands and foreigners in this period. Ornaments are common in all kinds of flowers and fruits, dragons and phoenixes, seawater, sea monsters, swimming fish and so on. Fetal mass is finer and denser than before. The enamel is rich and moist, and orange peel lines are common. Compared with the artifacts of the two dynasties, Yongle's wares are lighter and more beautiful, with blue and white fur, heavier rust spots, looser decorative patterns, more delicate decorative patterns and white bottom glaze.

After reading the characteristics of blue-and-white porcelain in different dynasties and their similarities and differences, I think you all feel the charm of blue-and-white porcelain. Many well-made blue-and-white porcelain have been preserved to study the new culture. There are also many blue-and-white porcelain in our market, but most of them are imitations. Whether in the exhibition hall or in our own home, I think they will show the unusual beauty and characteristics of blue and white porcelain.

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