What is the historical evolution of the management mode of public utilities?

Its evolution has gone through three stages: protection mode, intervention mode and market mode. Details are as follows:

I. Introduction:

Historical development shows that from modern times to contemporary times, from classical free market economy to modern market economy, the whole public affairs management, including public affairs management, has undergone a historical evolution from protection mode to intervention mode and then to market mode. The change of public affairs management in western countries, especially social affairs in a narrow sense, typically reflects this historical process.

Second, explain in detail the three stages of development:

1, the protection mode of public enterprise management, also known as the conservative mode of public enterprise management, is a public enterprise management mode that appeared in the period of classical liberal economy. The basic feature of this model is that the government co-ordinates social public affairs, but its function is extremely limited. Limited public goods are basically provided by the society itself, and the market does not intervene in this field.

2. The intervention mode of public enterprise management, also known as bureaucratic mode and bureaucratic mode, is a mode or way for the government to fully intervene in social life and monopolize the management of public enterprises by relying on huge bureaucratic organizations. In this mode, the market produces and supplies public goods indirectly rather than directly, and the participation of social forces is extremely limited. From a global perspective, this model was formed after the 1930s, reached its peak around the 1960s, and became the object of reform after the 1980s, and was gradually replaced by a new management model.

3. The market model of public enterprise management is a model in which multiple subjects participate in the production and supply of public enterprise products under the leadership of the government. The basic feature of this model is that the government, market and society are all responsible for the production and provision of public goods, and the government is decentralized from the market and society. The government no longer monopolizes the supply process of public services, and the market and society participate in the production and provision of public goods directly rather than indirectly. This model was formed after 1980s, and it is the product of the reform of management intervention model of public enterprises.