What is bottom-up reform?

What is top-down reform?

Top-down reform: The direction is from the top politics downwards.

The Communist Party of China is the leading force in China's political reform and an important driving force in China's political reform.

The party can guide the development of democratic politics in other fields or serve as a model for the development of democratic politics in other fields by actively developing intra-party democracy.

At the same time, in the process of advancing political reform, special attention must be paid to institutionalizing the empirical measures that have achieved results in the reform and turning them into effective long-term mechanisms.

For example, the current anti-corruption and work style transformation work has achieved good results. The reform of government agencies and the transformation of their functions have also formed clear ideas. If they can be fixed through systems or laws and regulations, they can be more effectively implemented.

Consolidate the results of the reform and promote the further development of the reform.

Bottom-up reform: from grassroots construction to political construction.

The achievements made in China's grassroots democracy construction can also play a bottom-up role in promoting China's political reform.

Over the past thirty years of reform and opening up, China's grassroots democracy has made great progress and has increasingly become an important manifestation and component of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics.

At present, China has established a grassroots democratic system with rural villagers' committees, urban residents' committees and enterprise employee congresses as its main contents. Many places have also explored local government innovation and grassroots political management innovation.

In the process of reform, we must also carefully refine the good experience of grassroots political practice and raise it to the institutional level, or promote it within an effective scope.

Extended information: Reform directions: First, adjust the relationship between the state and society and promote the healthy development of social organizations.

Since the reform and opening up, the relationship between the state and society has undergone certain changes, highlighted by the fact that the state can no longer completely monopolize various social resources, and social organizations have achieved greater development.

However, the problem of imbalance between China's state and social structures still exists. The situation that the state is too strong and society is too weak has not completely changed.

Second, strengthen the constraints and balance of power and promote political integrity.

Political integrity means that public power operates in a standardized, fair and healthy manner, and that public power obeys and serves public interests and public interests, rather than being a tool for individuals to seek personal gain.

It is necessary to establish an effective restriction mechanism and supervision mechanism for the operation of power, to ensure institutionally that the subjects who exercise power are honest and serve the public, to govern for the people, and to prevent power corruption from the source; it is necessary to formulate a reasonable resource allocation system to prevent public officials from abusing power for personal gain and public power.

For private use, prevent public officials from enjoying privileges and special treatment, and eliminate various corruption phenomena such as power-for-money transactions, corruption, and degradation of life.

It is necessary to ensure that the exercise of decision-making, execution and supervision powers are relatively independent and mutually restrictive.

At the same time, it is also necessary to establish and improve the balance and restriction mechanism of power to prevent the abuse of power and power corruption.

Third, strengthen the construction of political culture and promote the formation and development of citizen culture.

China's traditional political culture has a strong concept of unity and monarchy. This culture has serious conflicts with modern political concepts.

After the founding of New China, many negative factors in traditional culture still have a profound impact.

Some leading cadres have serious personal dictatorship and paternalistic styles. They are accustomed to speaking out and cannot listen to negative opinions.

Ordinary Chinese people also feel that concepts such as democracy, freedom, and human rights are imported. Many people even think that these things have little to do with them.