What is the traditional division of four seasons in China? What are the first and second seasons in early spring?

China's traditional method of dividing the four seasons emphasizes the astronomical significance of the four seasons. It takes four solar terms as the starting point of the four seasons, and dichotomy and dichotomy as the midpoint. For example, in spring, Li Chun is the starting point, the ecliptic is 365,438+05, the spring is the midpoint, the long summer is the end point, the ecliptic becomes 45, and the sun runs 90.

The division of four seasons in the west emphasizes the climatic significance of the four seasons, taking the bisector of the sun as the starting point of the four seasons, such as spring as the starting point and summer solstice as the end point. The four seasons are one and a half months later than those divided by China.

Astronomically speaking, it is more scientific for China to divide the four seasons with four stands.

In spring and autumn, the length of day and night and the height of the sun around the world are equal to the annual average, which has the typical characteristics of transition from maximum (or minimum) to minimum (or maximum). Therefore, it is very reasonable to regard the vernal equinox as the midpoint of spring and the autumnal equinox as the midpoint of autumn. In summer, the day is the longest, the night is the shortest, the day with the highest sun height is the summer solstice, and the surface gets the most solar energy. Therefore, it is very reasonable to take the summer solstice as the midpoint of summer. Similarly, the winter solstice as the midpoint of winter is also very scientific.

However, from the actual climate, the summer solstice is not the hottest time, and the winter solstice is not the coldest time. The extreme temperature should be delayed by 1 ~ 2 months respectively. In China, there is a saying that it is hot in dog days and cold in dog days. Therefore, arranging summer solstice and winter solstice as the start dates of summer and winter respectively can better correspond to the actual climate. So the four seasons in the west are divided.

Whether it is the division of four seasons with astronomical significance in China or the division of four seasons with climatic significance in the west, it is an astronomical division method. This is because dichotomy, dichotomy and quartering have exact meanings in astronomy, and they all divide a year into four roughly equal seasons. Each season lasts for three months, and the sun runs 90 degrees on the ecliptic. They can't reflect the actual situation of local climate. The seasons divided in this way are the four seasons in astronomy.

Astronomical seasons are unified in the hemisphere. In the hemisphere, every season has a unified starting and ending moment. In the hemisphere, there are four seasons everywhere, and each season is of equal length.

In order to accurately reflect the actual climate situation in various places, climate methods are often used to divide the four seasons. For example, the seasonal average temperature is used to divide the four seasons. It is also stipulated that the period when the seasonal average temperature is greater than or equal to 22℃ is summer, the period when it is less than or equal to 10℃ is winter, and the period between 10℃ and 22℃ is spring or autumn. According to this standard, the four seasons are divided into mid-latitude areas. The temperature changes in low latitudes and near the polar regions are not obvious. At the same time, the length of each season is different in mid-latitude areas. These are four climatic seasons. For example, Beijing has 55 days in spring, 0/03 days in summer, 50 days in autumn and 0/57 days in winter.

Astronomical seasons are of theoretical significance, while climatic seasons are of practical value. Astronomical seasons are the basis for dividing climatic seasons. Astronomical seasons are unified in the hemisphere. It is summer in the northern hemisphere and winter in the southern hemisphere. The climate in some areas (mid-latitude areas) is unified in four seasons. The division of astronomical seasons depends on the change of astronomical phenomena, and the division of climatic seasons depends on the change of temperature. No matter where in any hemisphere, there are astronomical seasons of equal length. The four climatic seasons are not necessarily equal in length in the same place, which is the main difference between astronomical season and climatic season.