Four Courtyard Travel Guide Four Courtyard Travelogue

This is a travelogue about walking into the ancient city of Pingyao. All I could see was the moat outside of the old city of Pingyao and the old city wall inside. Once inside the ancient city, it was bustling with activity. There are big and small stores and a dazzling array of goods. More travelogues about the ancient city of Pingyao at Giant Essays.

Our family took a day's bus ride to Pingyao Ancient City in Shanxi Province. Pingyao Ancient City, located in the center of Shanxi Province, is one of the four well-preserved ancient cities in China, and is also the ancient county in China where the whole ancient city was declared as a world cultural heritage.

It's already past seven. Here is the clock. Our coach can can't drive into the city, we have to park in the parking lot outside the city. We took a sightseeing bus to stroll into the city. I saw the moat outside Pingyao ancient city and the ancient city wall inside. Once inside the old city, it was bustling with activity. Stores of all sizes and a dazzling array of goods. The sightseeing bus took us through many hutongs to an inn. The inn is a wooden courtyard with a strict and symmetrical layout. The courtyards are usually separated by ornately decorated hanging flower gates. Most inns are beautifully decorated.

The next day, we went to the ancient city wall. At present, the ancient city basically retains the prototype of the county town from the Ming and Qing dynasties, and is known as the Turtle City. Its square walls are said to be turtle-shaped: there are six gates in the north and south, and two gates in the east and west. The south gate is the head of the turtle, the north gate is the tail of the turtle, and the east and west gates are the limbs of the turtle. The city's four main streets, eight side streets and seventy-two hutongs make up the eight trigrams pattern on the turtle armor. Warp and weft intertwined street pattern, well organized, the main and secondary. More than 50,000 residents now live in the ancient city!

2. Appreciation of the Courtyard

The compartments are located on both sides of the main house, symmetrical from east to west, close to the main house wall. There are a few two-room rooms with a small layout, like two ears hanging on either side of the main house, so they are called compartments. They are usually used as auxiliary rooms or storage rooms, but can also be used as studies or bedrooms. Quadrilateral compartments of larger size also have similarly laid out compartments.

The compartments are generally the same as the main house. There is no porch under the eaves, and there is a small courtyard consisting of the north wall of the compartment and the fence. There is a moon or screen door connecting it to the main room. Currently, many homeowners decorate the small courtyard in front of the compartment with rocks and trees. Whether the compartment is used as a study or a guest room, they can enjoy the quiet mountains and flowers in front of the window.

3. Quadrangle Residence

The so-called quadrangle, four refers to east, west, south and north, as well as one-piece meaning four houses surrounded by one another to form a mouth-molded structure. Beijing courtyard house after hundreds of years of construction, from the plan layout, internal structure to the detailed decoration has formed its unique Beijing style.

The typical features of the courtyard are regular appearance, symmetrical center line and extremely flexible usage.

4. Life in the Courtyard

The novel is The Courtyard: From Dislike. Introduction to the novel: at this time.

The second uncle (Liu Haizhong):Niu Daqiang, what are you doing? Do you want to be fired?

Say it.

The official is a big man, not to mention that Niu Daqiang is not an official.

In an instant, Niu Dajiang Yan, a 1.97-meter tall Niu Dajiang Yan.

Niu Zhuang said with a face of aggrieved Liu team leader, I I just have a toothache!

At this moment.

Workers have discussed:

Isn't Li always with He Yuzhu Don't deal with it? The Office of Exemptions has only one person, that is, Director Li. The name is a research decision of the removal office, but not is it really what Director Li said?

5. Memories of the courtyard

The courtyard, a traditional type of Chinese architecture, is an iconic residence in Beijing. The courtyard, China's most familiar building type, has a history of thousands of years, according to relevant sources. The architectural prototype of the siheyuan existed as early as the Western Zhou Dynasty, more than 3,000 years ago.

There is always endless talk about siheyuan. At that time, Lao She's famous novels, such as "Teahouse" drama, "The Four Courts" and "Camel Xiangzi". Setting the scene for the characters the life in the story of the courtyard house. If the author of the courtyard is not enough to vividly show the charm of the courtyard, then one of the iconic buildings in Beijing's Forbidden City, the world-famous courtyard complex, which is known as the largest courtyard in Beijing, fully demonstrates the beauty of the courtyard.

Ahead we mentioned the styles and types of ancient Chinese architecture. Today, let's talk about the Beijing courtyard house, a type of architecture full of national memories.

Looking at Chinese culture from Chinese ancient architecture, we talk about the characteristic styles and types under Chinese ancient architecture.

First of all, about the formation of Beijing courtyard houses

Both historical and geographical factors.

1)Historical Factors

Beijing is a famous historical and cultural city, and it is a gathering place of world cultural heritage. Today, we see many famous monuments such as Badaling Great Wall, Temple of Heaven, Forbidden City and Summer Palace are cultural outputs of Beijing's business cards. As early as more than 3,000 years ago, the state of Yan during the Warring States period first established its capital in Beijing. Later dynasties such as Liao, Jin, Yuan, Ming and Qing also built their capitals here.

Beijing, the ancient capital of Chinese culture, is a city with a long history and culture. Influenced by historical factors, Beijing has been a city with a diverse population since ancient times. In a multi-population and multi-ethnic living environment, it is natural that there will be different ideas and cultures, so the courtyard, a relatively independent and closed single-family house, has been born.

2)Geographic Factors

Beijing is located in North China, with high terrain in the northwest and low terrain in the southeast. It has a typical warm temperate semi-humid continental monsoon climate, with hot and rainy summers, cold and dry winters, and is often affected by the north wind and sand. Restricted by the geographical location and climatic conditions, most of the roofs of residential buildings in Beijing are designed in the form of slopes to facilitate drainage. In addition, in order to protect against cold and sand, the walls are designed to be thick and multi-layered, and the windows facing outward are usually not too large. In addition, roofs were not designed to be fully enclosed so as not to interfere with ventilation, lighting and sunlight.

Finally, the design concept of pursuing independence without losing spaciousness and brightness resulted in the courtyard architecture we see today.

II. Architectural Layout and Form of the Beijing Courtyard (Architectural Features)

1) Sitting facing south.

Beijing's siheyuan embodies looking at the walled village and searching for the door. In addition, the architectural characteristics of Beijing's siheyuan are also related to the urban planning requirements set by the Yuan Dynasty when the capital was built. The urban planning pattern of most cities in the Yuan Dynasty was north-south streets and east-west alleys, which was a checkerboard pattern. The main functions of the streets were transportation, commodity trade, etc. Lane refers to hutongs, so naturally it is more appropriate for a house door to open on the southeast side. With the development of the times, after this, Beijing's courtyard houses basically retained the architectural style of the Yuan Dynasty, from north to south.

2)Layout of the Central Axis

The courtyard is mainly composed of the following parts: the main gate, the main house, the inverted seat, the rooms, and the fences.

Before we talk about the layout, let roughly pencil in these terms:

What is the first room mean? The main room (also known as the upper room) within the building is the room in the middle of the entire house, opposite the compartment. ; Wing the house on either side of the main room. Compared to the compartments, the main room is naturally better located. The main room was well lit, warm in winter and cool in summer, and the general had a high status. Older people lived in the main room. ; Upside down refers to the first courtyard after the gate, with a row of north-facing houses on the south side. Upside-down houses are generally used as utility rooms or for servants, etc. to live in.

Specifications of the quadrangle building: the main room in the north, the east and west compartments, the inverted seat in the south, houses in the east, west, north and south, the center patio, and the whole corridor.

Through the description in the previous paragraph, we can clearly think of the layout structure of the courtyard building. The main building and the inverted seat of the courtyard are located on the central axis, and the main building is the main body of the whole building. Its depth, width and other specifications are the primary considerations of the whole building. The main house and the inverted seat are opposite to each other from north to south. The main house is in the first place, often with three rooms, and the center is called the bright room. It is located where the central axis passes through. There are many shrines here, which is the regional space for public **** activities, while the second room on either side is where individuals live. In addition, the compartments in front of the main building are symmetrical from east to west and opposite each other. So, in general, the architectural layout of the courtyard is centered on the central axis and symmetrical to both ends.

3)Courtyard Space

What comes to your mind when you mention Beijing courtyard house? Green bricks and tiles, red lacquer gates, exquisite reliefs? Yes, in addition to these, I think you can also use the winding alleys. The ancients said how deep the courtyard is, and clearly understood the architectural characteristics of the courtyard in terms of image and location.

For example, "Dream of Red Mansions" year, Daiyu third first entered the Jia House, the article reads:

Daiyu help her granny s hand into the hanging flower door: on both sides is a carefully selected corridor, in the middle of the hall, and locally there is a marble screen and rosewood shelves. Turning the screen, there were three small halls, behind which was the main courtyard. There are five upper rooms on the front side, all carved beams, both sides of the mountain promenade has wings, hanging parrots, painted eyebrows and other colorful bird cages . Just see a group of daughter-in-law maids holding a beautiful woman, came in from the inner room.

Here, we can analyze the courtyard space of the courtyard from four key information points, namely, the pendant door, the hand-crafted veranda, the compartments and the back room.

First of all, the Hanging Flower Gate refers to the door inside the courtyard of a siheyuan, which is the only passageway between the outer house and the inner house, in short, the division between the inner and outer houses. In the courtyard architecture, this door is quite exquisite. In ancient times, it was often said that the front door does not go out, but the second door does not go out. The second door is referred to here as the hanging flower door.

It is well known that the layout of the courtyard in a large family in ancient times was elaborate. The inner courtyard was mainly the place where the family lived in their daily life, and outsiders could not come in and out casually. The outer courtyard was the place to receive guests.

So from this hanging flower door alone, you can see that the house building of the courtyard is different from the general intuitive architecture, and the courtyard of the courtyard has a more obvious sense of space.

ps:Why is it called Hanging Flower Gate? It is named because the carving structure of the inverted column head at both ends of the front gable column is generally in the shape of beads and lotus petals.

Secondly, the Shoushou veranda is a common form of corridor in siheyuan, connecting the hanging flower gate, the main room and the compartments. This kind of auxiliary building is not only practical, such as for people to sit and rest, but also convenient for walking on rainy and snowy days. It also has a strong ornamental value. From the word handwritten veranda, we can see that the layout of the courtyard is zigzag.

Third, the compartments have been mentioned before, and will not be discussed here.

Fourth, the secret room is the place where women live.Wing and secret rooms, different activity areas in the courtyard, Daiyu entered the Jia House. She just walked through the hanging flower door, then walked through the handwritten gallery, then went to the hall to see the main room, the compartment, the back room. Finally she saw the girls in a big circle, so she could see how deep the courtyard was. Finally, she had to sigh. How deep was the courtyard?

Third, on the humanistic art and sentiment of Beijing courtyard architecture.

Soviet aesthetician Pauliev once said: People are accustomed to call architecture the chronicle of the world; when the songs and legends fall silent, and nothing reminds one of the ancient peoples who have gone away, only the architecture still speaks. The era of human history is

In China in the traditional Chinese cultural concepts, man and nature are connected, so people should follow nature and live in harmony with nature.

Influenced by this, China's ancient architecture also hit the harmony between man and nature. In addition, the ancients believed that the sky is like a lid, the place is like a chessboard, and there are four in the quadrilateral there are four squares, symbolizing the place, in which the harmony is closed, symbolizing the sky and the design of the quadrilateral, reflecting a beautiful concept of the sky is round, the place as well as the harmony between man and nature.

2) It embodies the Confucian ideology and culture of three-three-three-five-four view of family etiquette.

Traditional Chinese homes generally have courtyards, mainly influenced by traditional Confucian culture.

055-79000 said, so if enabled Shangxian, the Lord will respect you. Cheap and so on, do not flow; if they are close to each other, it is executed, there is no contradiction; young and orderly, successful career, rest and rest.

ChinaThe traditional Chinese concept of family etiquette is manifested in the order of the young and the old, respect and inferiority, men and women, which is fully reflected in the design and layout of the courtyard.

The distribution of houses in Beijing's courtyard houses is extremely elaborate. For example, the main room is for the head of the family, the old man, and people of noble status; the east room and the west room are the residence of the younger generation, and the east room is honorable, while the west room is inferior. The eldest son and daughter-in-law lived in the east wing, while the second son lived in the west wing. The group houses, the rows of houses on the east or west side of the courtyard, were often occupied by servants.

Thus, the distribution of housing accommodations fully reflects the idea of family rituals of orderly aging and order of respect and inferiority.

In addition, there are also the Hougai Houses and others. The back cover room is located in the innermost courtyard, generally as the owner of the residence of the daughter. The old saying boudoir, that is, the boudoir where the girls of rich families live, usually refers to the innermost courtyard. In ancient times, the scope of women their activities were usually limited to the courtyard, that is, they stayed indoors and they had to follow the rules front door does not go out, the second door does not go out. The design of the back-covered house reflects a kind of man on the outside, woman on the inside.

Tags

The siheyuan is a building made up of four sides: east, west, south and north, meaning the world is round and so are the places. Siheyuan . Beijing siheyuan, the representative of ancient Chinese architecture, its emergence and development are in line with the historical and geographical conditions of Beijing, permeated with the traditional concepts of Chinese Taoism and nature, Confucian etiquette and aesthetic art, full of ancient China.

With the development of modern urbanization, the Beijing courtyard house architecture has suffered a certain impact, but these are not enough to shake its position in the history of architecture. Beijing courtyard house, a building hidden in the city, close the door, have their own world, open the door, are people.

6. The Journey Begins in the Courtyard

"Xunzi"

Author: Lord of the Heavenly Palace

Introduction

Every movie is a marvelous journey, the gentle maiden of Jade Pope, the fear of the difference between life and death in Resident Evil, the magic of Hogwarts, the zombies of Lin Zhengying, the heroes of Marvel Comics .

Now, when Wang Jie stumbles upon this system, it will begin this marvelous journey.

Book Excerpts

[Ding, the system suggests that the traveler s first world is The Traveler in the Heavenly Films and Television, and his mission is to get the best ten altars of sorghum wine.

Please, has the traveler begun his journey?

Wang Jie did not t imagine that he had just accepted the system, and as a result a mission came.

Fortunately, I get to decide whether or not to accept the quest, and when to start.

Even though this is a 1987 movie, thirty years on, it still looks the part. However, Wang Jie also found that there were certain dangers in this movie, including bandits and eventually the Japanese devils.

System, accept the mission.

7. Four Courtyard Former Residence

Functions of the Four Courtyard:

The two courtyards are divided into the front courtyard and the back courtyard, also called the inner courtyard. The front yard consists of a gatehouse and an inverted house. The front yard is usually connected by a hanging flower g

The southernmost part of the siheyuan is known as the inverted house, which is usually used by servants or overnight guests. It was also a teaching space if one was in a position to consult a book teacher. The northernmost house is called the main house, and is the house where the highest and oldest person in the family lives. If a friend visits, in the small quadrangle, the guest is usually received in the main house, while the large quadrangle is concerned with privacy. Generally, a reception room is set up in the inverted room in the outer courtyard, where guests are received. The houses on the east and west sides are called the East Chamber and West Chamber, which are the houses where the other members of the family live according to the principle of the East is expensive and the West is inferior. There are two compartments on both sides of the main house, both of which are small in size and are generally used as the master bedroom exists the study or the bathroom. The quadrangle is planted with flowers and trees, so you can cool off in summer and enjoy the snow in winter.

8. Quadrangle attractions

In fact, the quadrangle of "Red Sorghum" was built in the greenhouse, 1:1 restore the scenery of the old Beijing quadrangle in the 60s. Many of the building materials with a sense of time are old items bought from the market, so the entire courtyard is free of building materials.

The location of the full courtyard is naturally in Beijing.

Font In Beijing, the courtyard used to be a status symbol. After the liberation, in order to solve the problem of large housing for Beijing residents, many siheyuan were transformed into large courtyards that could accommodate more people. Due to the increase in population, the slowly getting larger courtyards had to be built up with simple houses. The large courtyards are becoming more and more literal, with less gas, more smoke and fire, and more and more crowded living. In recent years, the state has introduced a series of vacating policies to protect the courtyard as the symbol of Beijing.