What are the natural and cultural heritages in Lu 'an?

Lu 'an local literature and art has a long history, profound connotation, complete categories and diverse artistic styles.

Drama: Lu Opera is the main genre in Lu 'an, and Lu Opera in western Anhui is mainly West Road Lu Opera, also known as "Shang Lu". Its singing is loud and unrestrained, and it retains more low-pitched singing methods, which is close to the charm of folk songs. 1953 "Lu' an Local Opera Experimental Troupe" (later renamed Luxi Luban) was established in the special area. Subsequently, the art flower of Lu Opera bloomed in western Anhui. Large-scale dramas "Mom" and "Cheng Hongmei" were successfully staged in Beijing.

Folk songs: Lu 'an folk songs are mainly folk songs, tea songs, lantern songs, yangko songs and labor songs, and many relaxed and happy folk tunes are also popular. During the revolutionary war years, the people of Lu 'an created a large number of Red Army songs and revolutionary folk songs, such as "Red Army to Jinzhai". Songs such as "The Moon Gone, I Gone" based on traditional folk songs are popular all over the country.

Dance: Lu 'an folk dance is widely distributed, with a wide variety, bright costumes and beautiful dances. The folk dances "Ten Little Fans" and "Kun Li's Nest" were selected for the second national folk music and dance exhibition held in Beijing at the beginning of 1957, and were filmed as special information pieces as national cultural treasures. Shouxian Elbow Pavilion and Lift Pavilion have a long history, which is a dance form of ancient social fire activities. It is thrilling and interesting for adults to carry attics and pavilions with iron frames and ironware, and hold small actors to perform the shapes of different drama characters or folk story characters.

Quyi: Lu 'an folk quyi is unique, including gongs and drums, four-stringed calligraphy, flower drums, gongs and drums and Shouzhou gongs and drums. The gongs and drums are unique to Lu 'an. In the early days, there was only one gong and one drum accompaniment. Later, he gradually joined the national orchestral instruments. Traditional plays include Hugh Lilac and Du Shiniang. The expressive force of Shouzhou gongs and drums is very rich, which is both relaxed and soft in the south, especially in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, and high-pitched and passionate in the northern Central Plains.

Paper-cut: Liu 'an folk paper-cut is characterized by smooth and smooth lines, decent artistic exaggeration and full and lifelike characters. The new paper-cut combines new techniques such as knife carving and hand tearing in traditional art techniques, and the content and form of creation have been greatly developed. The works of art are fresh and unique, and the layout is strange, especially the hand-torn paper is amazing. Its Wengdun paper-cut with local characteristics was shortlisted for the 20 10 Shanghai World Expo.

Lantern Festival: Lu 'an Folk Lantern Festival is very popular. Every Spring Festival, Lantern Festival or major festival, people have the custom of making lanterns and singing lantern songs. On the Lantern Festival, every household hangs red lights and firecrackers explode, which is very lively. "Passbook songs, colorful flowers, riddles and donkey songs" are provincial intangible cultural heritage protection projects.

Lu 'an, a folk culture with a long history, is one of the cradles of ancient culture in China. Western Anhui culture has a long history and distinctive features. From here, the light of civilization of Hao Tao culture spread to China and the world. Chu culture, which grew up in Jianghan and rooted in Jianghuai, is highly mature here. It is the intersection of Wu Chu culture and northern culture, and it is also the concentrated place of Anhui Han culture. From the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period to the mid-Western Han Dynasty, it has been an active area for the study and education of Taoism, farmhouse music and Confucianism. The musket invented in the Southern Song Dynasty was the ancestor of tubular weapons. At the end of the Ming Dynasty, Yu and Yu Benheng's "Yuan Heng Healing Horses" was later called "Compendium of Materia Medica" of veterinary medicine. The revolutionary years are in full swing, and the Red Army culture is warm, lively and unique. There are many kinds of culture and arts in western Anhui, including folk songs, folk dances, folk art, paper-cutting, lantern festivals and folk dramas, which reflect the diligence and wisdom of working people in Jianghuai area and Dabie Mountain area.

Hao Tao culture Hao Tao was born in the 2nd/Kloc-0th century BC, after Shao Hao, the son of the Yellow Emperor, and was the originator of China's judicature. He assisted Yu Xia in managing politics, controlling water and developing production, and made great contributions to the unification of Yi Xia and the later formation of the Chinese nation. As famous as Yao, Shun and Yu, Confucius praised them as "four ancient saints". Yu appointed him as his successor and granted him political power according to his moral character and merits. But he died before he succeeded to the throne, so Yu gave England and peace to his descendants. From "being made Britain and Liu" to the destruction of Liu in Tsoumou, the descendants lived in Liguo Liu about 1500, which is one of the longest countries in the history of China. Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty was proud of Li's ancestor, and in the second year of Tianbao (AD 743), posthumous title was the "Emperor Deming".

Ancient St. Hao Tao

The main content of Hao Tao culture is to carry forward the "five religions", that is, "father's righteousness, mother's kindness, brother's friendship and brother's filial piety". Set up "five rites", that is, "auspicious, fierce, guest, army and honor" Auspicious ceremony is a ceremony, and fierce ceremony is a funeral. Guest ceremony is a ceremony for hiring and enjoying between tribes and tribal alliances, and between tribes and friendly tribes outside the alliance. Military ceremony is a ceremony to organize clans and restrain the people to form an army, and it is a ceremony to "eat and drink men and women". Create "five punishments", that is, "one soldier, one axe, one saw, one drill and one whip." A soldier is to crusade against foreign aggression and internal rebellion; Axe hammer is a kind of punishment in the army and a military law; Knife saw is the death penalty and severe punishment; Drilling is a light corporal punishment; Whipping is a minor punishment for misdemeanors. Hao Tao's incorporation of "five punishments" on the basis of customary law is undoubtedly a great progress and beginning of China's criminal law. Establish "nine virtues", that is, "broad and chestnut, soft and standing, willing and respectful, chaotic and respectful, disturbing and resolute, straight and warm, simple and inexpensive, rigid and stuffed, strong and upright". The "Nine Virtues" formulated by Hao Tao contains many aspects such as humanity, temperament, morality and talent, and it is the earliest known standard for inspecting and selecting public officials in the history of China. Pro-"Jiuzu", that is, the same tribe at the core of the tribal alliance. Tribal alliance is a loose organization, and the authority of the alliance cannot be maintained without reliable backing, so pro-Jiuzu was also an important political strategy under the historical conditions at that time.

Hao Tao lived in the last stage of the transition from primitive society to class society and was at the beginning of civilization. Hao Tao has made great contributions to the reform of alliance system and culture. At that time, there were many tribes, called "nations", with different beliefs and customs. The "five religions", "five rites", "five punishments", "nine virtues" and "nine clans" advocated and implemented by him have played a significant role in strengthening the political, economic and cultural ties and integration between tribes and promoting the emergence of the country.

Law beast

Hao Tao Thought is one of the important sources of Confucian academic thought. Hao Tao culture is a treasure of China traditional culture and a precious spiritual heritage for future generations. In memory of Hao Tao, later generations built Gao Tao's Tomb and Hao Tao Temple. Gao Tao Tomb, a provincial key cultural relics protection unit, is located in the east of Lu 'an, with a chestnut tree at the top, shaped like an umbrella, and a stone tablet in front. It is the ancient tomb of Gao Tao written by Wu Kun, the Anhui ambassador in Qing Dynasty. Pi Rixiu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, Ouyang Xiu and Su Shi, great writers in the Song Dynasty, all wrote poems on Gao Tao's tomb. Hao Tao Temple, located 35 meters north of the mausoleum, was built in Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty, destroyed by fire in Xianfeng period and rebuilt in Guangxu period. In order to further promote Hao Tao culture and develop tourism resources, China Hao Tao Cultural Park is under construction.

Shouchun Chu Culture The Chu culture in China's pre-Qin period was brilliant and profound, and it was the most important part of China's ancient culture. Chu culture is the product of the combination of ancient Central Plains culture and local indigenous culture of Chu people (now Jianghan area). Its contents are rich and colorful, and its basic elements are: bronze smelting and casting technology, textile embroidery technology, philosophy of Laozi and Zhuangzi, Qu Yuan's poems and Zhuangzi's essays, art, music and dance, etc.

Shouchun Chu culture is a unique ancient culture formed by the interaction, infiltration and integration of Huaiyi culture and Chu culture. Its heyday was from 24 1 year BC to 223 BC, which lasted 19 years. Shouchun at this time was the last capital of Chu and the political, economic, cultural and military center of the late Chu Dynasty. During this period, the Chu royal family experienced the decline of the national situation and the turbulent process of "escaping from reality", and the items carried by the nobles became more and more expensive and exquisite, which eventually formed accumulation. Judging from the current archaeological situation, Shouxian County is the "underground museum" of Chu culture, and its representative cultural relics include Chu Dading, Equn Qijin Festival, Yingcheng and so on. Chu culture is famous for its profound, rich and distinctive features, which has influenced future generations.

Lu 'an Culture Lu 'an is the intersection of Wu Chu culture and northern culture, and it is the concentrated place of Anhui and Han cultures. Lu 'an State in the Western Han Dynasty embodies the form of the vassal state in the Western Han Dynasty, which has developed to a highly perfect level. The cultural relics unearthed from No.1 Han Tomb in Shuangdun, Lu 'an and the specifications of the tomb shape are of great significance to the study of Wu Chu's cultural integration and development, the history of the Western Han Dynasty and the ancient cemetery culture. Lu 'an Tomb is located in Shuangdun Village, Sanshipu Town, Jin 'an District. Shuangdun Village is named after two "mounds" standing side by side in the north-south direction. At the beginning of 2006, in order to cooperate with the construction of Hefei-Wuhan high-speed railway, Anhui Institute of Archaeology was entrusted by the Provincial Cultural Relics Bureau to carry out routine archaeological exploration, and found that the "double piers" that had been sleeping for thousands of years were actually two parallel tombs of the Western Han Dynasty.

Although this Han tomb was excavated in the Tang Dynasty, a large number of relics were still cleared around it. The royal tomb of Huang Chang Ming has a perfect and exquisite structure, including some lacquered wood, jade, gold and silver foil, agate, 22 bronzes, more than 300 wooden figurines, wooden carts and wooden horses. Unearthed so far, we still feel the glory and glory of the Han Dynasty more than 2,000 years ago, and to some extent, it reflects the political, economic, military and cultural situation in the middle and late Western Han Dynasty, which is of great significance to arts and crafts and the study of the Western Han Dynasty in China.

But the significance of Shuangdun No.1 Han Tomb goes beyond this. The excavation of the No.1 Han Tomb in Shuangdun, Lu 'an, also unveiled the mystery of the tomb of Lu 'an in Han Dynasty.

According to Records of the Historian and Hanshu, in the second year of Yuanshou (BC 12 1), Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty established Lu 'an, and named Liu Qing, the youngest son of King Liu Ji of Akang in Jiaodong, as the king of Lu 'an, which means "Lu 'an will never rebel", hence the name Lu 'an. His successor, Liu Qinghe, guarded Lu 'an. After that 130 years, the country was peaceful and tranquil. But what Lu 'an looks like in historical records, and where the tombs and capitals are, has always been a mystery. At present, some of the cultural relics unearthed from the No.1 Han Tomb in Shuangdun, Lu 'an have the relevant words of Lu 'an State or Lu 'an King. According to the comprehensive analysis of sites, laws and regulations, unearthed cultural relics and related documents, archaeologists initially identified the owner of the tomb as Liu Qing, the first generation of Lu' an Wang.

There are more than 20 piers, large and small, in Shuangdun area, which is the tomb area built by King Lu 'an in the Western Han Dynasty. They echo the ancient oriental city at a distance, which is located in the north of the development zone, that is, the seat of the king's capital of Lu' an. According to experts' preliminary exploration, there are three pairs of conjoined double piers around the Han tombs No.1 and No.2 of Shuangdun in Lu 'an, which are huge in scale and side by side. It can be roughly judged that they are the tombs of three other kings and queens. This is the only well-preserved royal tomb of princes in the Western Han Dynasty in China, with a core area of about 5 square kilometers. The cultural relics and information contained in the tomb of Lu 'an is a rare and precious cultural heritage in China.

Red Army Culture West Anhui is a famous old revolutionary base area in China. As early as 1920, the progressive intellectuals in Lu 'an, represented by Zhu Yunshan, a veteran of the Revolution of 1911, organized the "China Revolutionary Corps" to engage in Marxist propaganda and anti-imperialist and anti-feudal activities. 1923, Xiaodian, Shouxian county integrated and established the special branch of China * * * Production Party, which was directly under the leadership of the CPC Central Committee and was the earliest party organization in Anhui. 1929, the Long Summer Festival Uprising and Liuhuo Uprising broke out one after another, giving birth to the 32nd and 33rd Divisions of the Eleventh Red Army and establishing the revolutionary base area in western Anhui. Western Anhui is one of the cradles of the Red Army and an important part of the revolutionary base areas in Hubei, Henan and Anhui. 1in March, 932, Xu commanded the battle of Sujiabao, which lasted for 48 days and nights, crushed the "third encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang army and won an unprecedented victory in the Hubei, Henan and Anhui Soviet areas. At the beginning of the Anti-Japanese War, Lu 'an was once the capital of Anhui Province because of its important geographical position, and important institutions of the Kuomintang and the Communist Party were located here. 1938 February, Anhui Anti-Japanese General Mobilization Committee was established in Lu 'an, where Dong had guided and promoted the anti-Japanese national salvation movement. 1June, 947, Liu Bocheng and Deng Xiaoping led the main force of Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan Field Army and leapt thousands of miles into Dabie Mountain, which became a major turning point in China's revolutionary war.

Dabieshan revolutionary martyrs monument

During the war of blood and fire, the people of Lu 'an made great contributions to national liberation and the birth of new China. 300,000 outstanding sons and daughters gave their precious lives and trained a large number of outstanding heroes. Only among the surviving PLA officers and men, there are 108 outstanding founding generals, two general counties of Jinzhai (59) and Yu 'an (32), and Dushan Town with "one town 17 generals".

The Red Army culture in the Soviet area in western Anhui is rich in content and lively in form, which vividly shows the revolutionary life in full swing, and educates and publicizes the vast number of Red Army officers and soldiers and the people in the Soviet area to devote themselves to the fiery revolutionary struggle. The main artistic forms of the Red Army culture in the Soviet area of western Anhui are ballads, dramas and paintings. There are more than 300 ballads recorded in the cultural history of the Soviet area in western Anhui, covering all aspects of military and civilian life in the Soviet area in western Anhui, such as the bitterness of the old society, anti-Kuomintang ballads, sending Lang as the Red Army, the party being my parents and the Red Army being heroes. The dramas in the Soviet area in western Anhui are all newly edited around the central task of revolutionary struggle. The performances are lively and varied, all of which are fashion dramas with simple equipment, or dramas, or local dramas, or live dramas, or singing and dancing. Paintings in the Soviet area in western Anhui are mostly found in pictorial, newspaper illustrations, large posters, cartoons, murals, small wooden signs and so on.