What changes did China undergo from 1949 to 1987?

(1) Ancient times: the origin of agricultural history research The Chinese nation is a nation with a long history and a strong sense of history.

Chinese agriculture has a history of tens of thousands of years, and records of agricultural history can be traced back to ancient times.

The "Shen Nong clan" and the "Lieshan clan" in ancient history legends are the personifications of the era when agriculture originated and was established; "The Book of Songs·Daya·Shengmin" also describes that the ancestors of the Zhou people gave up farming (the so-called "later").

The mythized history of "Ji teaches crops").

The description of agricultural history and the study of agricultural history in ancient China mainly include the following situations: 1. In the numerous agricultural books in ancient China, starting from "Qi Min Yao Shu", an emphasis on the collection of historical materials was formed.

In line with the tradition of quoting agricultural books from previous generations, large comprehensive agricultural books often list materials from previous agricultural books before introducing new contemporary achievements when discussing a certain topic; some agricultural books even include collections of historical materials.

became its main content.

For example, "The Complete Book of Agricultural Affairs" cites historical materials on a large scale, while "Tongkao on Time Service" is simply a compilation of historical materials on agricultural production and agricultural science and technology compiled according to a certain system.

Such books also often include compilations of agricultural history materials, the most impressive of which are the relevant parts in the Collection of Ancient and Modern Books edited by Chen Menglei.

2. Many Confucian scholars in the past dynasties have conducted research and interpretation on famous agricultural objects recorded in ancient classics, such as "Mao Shi on Grass, Trees, Insects and Fish" by Lu Ji of the Three Kingdoms, "Erya Commentary" by Guo Pu of the Jin Dynasty, and "Gouhujiang" by Cheng Yaotian of the Qing Dynasty.

"Principle Xiaoji", "Jiugu Kao" and Liu Baonan's "Shi Gu", etc.

3. In ancient China, there was a systematic description of economic history in the form of the "Food and Goods" series [2], in which the land system and agricultural production occupied a very important position.

However, the agricultural history covered in the Food and Goods series is only a part (albeit an important part) of the economic history narrative, rather than an independent agricultural history narrative.

The collection of materials in agricultural books and similar books and the scattered and unsystematic textual research and interpretation of agricultural history have indeed provided a certain foundation for future agricultural history research, but they cannot be called agricultural historiography, but are only its origins.

(2) The end of the 19th century to 1949: the germination of the discipline of agricultural history. The research on agricultural history in the scientific sense of our country, that is, the research on agricultural history guided by modern natural sciences and social sciences, was brewing in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.

It didn’t really appear until the decade.

From then until the founding of New China, agricultural history research was still spontaneous, scattered, and preliminary, and agricultural history research as a discipline was still in its infancy.

The emergence of agricultural history research is related not only to the formation and development of modern agriculture, but also to the formation and development of modern history, especially economic history.

Modern agriculture in China was introduced rather than developed naturally from traditional agriculture.

After the Opium War, especially the failure of the Sino-Japanese War of 1898-1895 and the bankruptcy of the Westernization Movement, Chinese silk, tea and other agricultural products were subject to fierce competition and impact in the international market. Many people in the government and the public felt the need to reform and revitalize agriculture, and introduced and introduced Western agricultural science.

Technology and tools and facilities gradually established China's modern agronomy.

This raises the question of how to combine the introduced Western agronomy with China’s actual conditions, and how to correctly summarize and inherit China’s traditional agricultural heritage.

Luo Zhenyu, who has made outstanding achievements in the introduction of Western agronomy, has studied ancient agricultural books such as "Essentials for Elevating the People", "Agricultural Administration Complete Book", and "Tongkao on Timing", visited relevant ancient agricultural books, and explored the relationship between Chinese empirical agronomy and Western agronomy.

Similarities between experimental agronomy.

Gao Runsheng, a beginner in the late Qing Dynasty, proposed a plan to comprehensively sort out and inherit the ancient agricultural heritage in order to prevent the disadvantages of cutting one's feet to fit the shoes when introducing Western agricultural science. He still adopted the textual research method of "using the classics to explain farming and using farming to prove the meaning."

method, but in the compilation plan, it partially absorbed the classification of modern agricultural disciplines and proposed the concept of "paleontology"; unfortunately, this plan was not implemented.

The above can only be regarded as the preparation of agricultural history research.

However, the desire and action to sort out traditional agricultural heritage and study agricultural history, stimulated by the introduction of Western agronomy, became a driving force and a source of agricultural history research.

At roughly the same time, Liang Qichao advocated the "historical revolution" and used the modern evolutionary historical perspective to study history, and the social economy entered the historian's field of vision.

However, the new historians of this period have not systematically considered the issues of economic history.

Until the 1920s and 1930s, with the spread of Marxist historical materialism and the opportunity of the social history debate, the first upsurge in the study of Chinese economic history was launched, forming the modern Chinese economic history; agricultural history was

its important content.

This is another source of agricultural history research.

The research on agricultural history in the 20th century was generally produced after the intersection of the above two sources.

The number of works on agricultural history research gradually increased after the mid-1920s.

By 1949, there were about a hundred articles on agricultural history research. Although the number was small, it covered a wide range of topics, including the agricultural economy, such as the land system, agricultural policies, agricultural production, rural organizations, farmers' status and living conditions, etc.

, agricultural science and technology include soil, seasonality, agricultural tools, water conservancy, crops, forestry, animal husbandry and veterinary medicine, fishery, etc.

Most of the works related to agriculture are on the land system and land issues, such as "History of China's Land System" by Wang Guoding. Others with greater influence include "History of China's Water Conservancy" by Zheng Zhaojing (The Commercial Press, 1939), Deng Yunte's

"History of Disaster Relief in China" (The Commercial Press, 1937), "History of Chinese Fisheries" by Li Shihao (The Commercial Press, 1937), etc.