Who knows what the top ten monsters in Shanxi are?

There are no eighteen eccentrics in Shanxi and ten eccentrics in Shaanxi.

As the saying goes, the top ten monsters in Shaanxi: one side of the soil and water raises one side. It is the people who live and multiply in one side, creating an ancient and splendid culture and gestating the local customs of one side. For the time being, regardless of the difference between the beautiful southern dialect of Wunong Soft Language in the south of the Yangtze River and the rugged and bold northern tune of the northern country where the mountain dances with silver snakes. From the perspective of daily life alone, all kinds of customs are really strange, each with its own flavor. When you listen to them, you can't help laughing, and you will feel the infinite charm of local cultural characteristics.

I grew up in Chang 'an, Shaanxi, and Qinchuan, 800 miles away, is the place where the roots of my life are deeply rooted. I grew up in that ancient land, and my life was deeply branded with yellow marks. Only then did I know that I was descended from Qin people. The vast 800-mile Qinchuan has nurtured generations of sons and daughters of Sanqin, and at the same time, it has created miracles that amaze the world. The custom of "Ten Monsters in Shaanxi" makes you infatuated with and intoxicated with that ancient land.

The first monster: "Noodles are like belts"

Folk songs prove that Sanqin noodles are really delicious, thick and wide like a belt. Noodles are fragrant, thin and white, refreshing and too hungry.

Since ancient times, the state of Qin has been rich in wheat. Therefore, people here have always been based on pasta since ancient times. They have three meals a day and can't live without pasta every day, especially noodles and steamed bread. Shaanxi noodles are not ordinary noodles, just like Shaanxi people. Every aunt in Shaanxi is an expert in rolling noodles. If you can't even cook a bowl of noodles at home, the chances of such a girl getting married will drop by at least 50 percentage points. Generally speaking, in rural Shaanxi, when a girl grows up, she will not sew a dress or embroider a flower at first, but roll a table of noodles to let her daughter get the appreciation of her husband's family after marriage.

Compared with other places, Shaanxi noodles can be called real noodles, and other noodles can only be called "noodles", especially those with foreign descent.

The face of Shaanxi is reality. Its thickness, width and length are beyond people's imagination, and its shape is like a belt tied around the waist. But don't be intimidated by its bold appearance. When you hold a bowl of old authentic Shaanxi noodles, mix with red pepper oil, red-brown soy sauce vinegar, white salt, sprinkle with green coriander and chopped green onion, and then spread golden poached eggs. Then, this bowl of noodles is simply a work of art, and you can't bear to ruin this wonderful bowl of noodles.

You see, this bowl of noodles served is red, white, green and yellow, which means spring, summer, autumn and winter, and it is beautiful; It smells good, even the gods in the sky will shake it three times; It tastes soft as glutinous rice and chews like cowhide. As long as you eat this bowl of noodles, you will definitely lose your appetite after seeing the delicacies.

The second monster: Guo Kui is like a pot cover.

The ballad is: the cake is two feet in diameter and as thick as a pot cover. Shaanxi called the cake Guo kui, which was crispy inside and crispy outside.

Speaking of this second monster, it has a long history. Legend has it that during the Qin Dynasty, Qin Jun unified the six countries and fought everywhere. The dry food carried by soldiers in the army was easily moldy and deteriorated. So, the cooks in the army invented today's pot helmet.

What does a pot helmet look like? The size of the pot helmet is beyond the imagination of ordinary people. The whole helmet is round, with a diameter of about 10 foot, a thickness of 1 inch and a weight of 5 kg. The material is wheat flour, pressed into stalks and flour, and baked in a shallow pot with slow fire. The helmet is yellow in appearance, white in incision, crisp and palatable, and can be carried for a long time. In Shaanxi, the pot used to make helmets is not an ordinary small pot, but a large pot used to cook meals for more than a dozen people. The diameter of this pot is about seventy or eighty centimeters, and the lid used on this pot is also convex, so the branded helmet is as big as the lid and looks like it.

Guo Kui is famous for his exquisite craftsmanship, which is "dry, crisp, white and fragrant" in Xifu. The pot used to make the helmet must be a cauldron made of pig iron, and the flour used to make the helmet must be the flour ground from the best wheat harvested that year. Flour will wake up after fermentation. Then through the master's kneading, tossing, kneading, patting, twisting, pressing and rolling, the noodles are mixed very evenly. At this time, the master picked up a rolling pin the size of a duck egg and slowly rolled the dough into a pie.

This will start the next process, which is the most important process, because the temperature determines the color and texture of the helmet. Most people don't have a good grasp of the temperature, either immature or burnt. The materials used for making a fire are generally very particular. Authentic Guo kui, using the best wheat straw of the year, reminds me of Cao Zhi's seven-step poem "Boil beans and burn beans, and beans cry in the kettle." This is the same root, why rush to speculate with each other? ".Now, I think it should be changed to" Steamed bread burns wheat straw, and steamed bread cries in the pot. "This is the same root, why are you rushing to speculate with each other?" Nowadays, most people cook with coal or liquefied gas, so it is difficult to have the pure taste of wheat.

Branding the pot helmet was done by a master with many years of experience. The techniques are as follows: "one turn, two turns, three twists", that is, the pot helmet keeps turning in the pot; Double flip means turning one side and then turning the other side; Three bruises. Just scratch the helmet when it is ripe and listen to the movement. If it makes a crisp sound with white spots on it, it's fine, otherwise it's unfamiliar. When it is almost ripe, sprinkle fresh sesame seeds and you can cook it. After cooking, it is yellow and burnt inside, crisp to bite and sweet to eat, which is worthy of the reputation of Shaanxi Eight eccentrics.

Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, Guo Kui has set up postal shops in many places in Anshi. Foreign businessmen from east to west, from north to south, Guo Kun, as a businessman carrying dry food, has gone a long way. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, pot helmets have been sold all over the county, including Zhang Cong and Liu Youxue in Guangxu period; Xing nerd, Zhao Gan and Zhang Guangshan in the Republic of China; After liberation, both Pang He and Jin You are experts in this field.

Another function of Guo kui is that grandma gives gifts to her grandson. In our place, when the child is full moon, grandma will carefully make a small pot helmet for her grandson, then tie the money with white thread, pass through the hole in the middle and wear it around her neck. Best wishes to foreign grandchildren!

The third monster: spicy seeds are also vegetables.

Folk songs as evidence: Planing (not) said that Sichuan and Hunan can eat spicy food, and Laoshan is scary to eat spicy food. Stir spicy noodles with salt and hot oil, mix noodles, and put steamed bread under the rice.

When it comes to places where you can eat spicy food in China, I'm afraid everyone will unanimously recommend Sichuan and Hunan. However, it is also incumbent on Shaanxi people to eat spicy food. Moreover, Shaanxi people eat spicy food carefully and eat culture, which is probably impossible for Sichuan people and Hunan people. Generally speaking, Shaanxi people's love for spicy food is inseparable from Shaanxi people's clear personality of love and hate.

I am a descendant of farmers and grew up in the countryside. I remember when I was a child, when people harvested peppers in autumn, they put them on one by one with needle and thread and hung them under the dry and ventilated eaves. Therefore, after autumn, there will always be a string of red peppers hanging under the eaves of every household in rural areas. If more peppers are hung, it proves that this family is destined to have money. Sometimes, girls who go on blind dates always like to take a look at the peppers under the eaves to judge their husbands' future situation.

If in normal times, there are guests at home and there is no good wine and meat to entertain, this is understandable. But if you don't eat Chili, you will inevitably be dissatisfied and ridiculed by the guests. They are bound to complain to everyone: "This family is so stingy! I really lived, and I didn't even eat a pepper. "

In Shaanxi, the authentic way to splash pepper with oil is as follows: first, air dry the pepper, then cut it into small pieces of about 1.5 cm, and then put it in a pot with a little hot oil to dry it. At this time, it is particularly important to master the temperature. If the heat is too large, the pepper will turn black and taste bitter. If the calories are low, it is not crisp, difficult to mash and has no fragrance. After the pepper is out of the pot, put it in an iron pot and beat it hard with a pestle until it becomes very thick powder. Of course, it should not be too thin, which will affect the taste. Nowadays, in the street, it is often seen that vendors use stuffing mixers to stir Chili noodles, which makes them feel boring, because such peppers have long lost their original color.

Wait until the peppers are all noodles, then seal them in a glass bottle. If you want to eat, first mix the pepper with a little salt noodles, and then heat the rapeseed oil to 70% to 80% heat with an iron pot. Take advantage of this effort, while stirring, pour the hot oil on the Chili noodles. The oil temperature is very strict, too high or too low will affect the effect of Chili oil. Chili oil can be eaten when it is cold.

Pure Shaanxi people, not only can't eat noodles without Chili oil, especially directly eat Chili with pot helmets and steamed bread. This method is only done by Shaanxi people, and it can be said that it is a patent for Shaanxi people to eat. When steaming white steamed bread, put a few spoonfuls of red pepper oil on it after breaking it. Close your eyes, take a bite, a spicy feeling, straight at the top of your head, what a "cool" word!

The fourth monster: bowls and basins are not divided.

Folk songs prove that Laoshan Lengwa's bowl is really big, and when it is filled, it sticks to the point. A bowl of interesting things will be passed on at the old bowl party.

Shaanxi people call rice bowls old bowls, not rice bowls. It can be seen that the word "old" does not mean how long the history of the old bowl is, but the meaning of "boss" in the bowl. In fact, the old bowl is in the rice bowl, and the old bowl is definitely the well-deserved "big brother" of the bowl family.

Speaking of this old bowl, it comes from Yaoxian County and belongs to blue and white coarse porcelain. Although, at first glance, the surface of this old bowl is a bit dull. But there is a simplicity and simplicity in the bones, just like the nature of Shaanxi people. Authentic Shaanxi Big Old Bowl is deep and round, with a capacity of at least seven or eight small bowls. People in Shaanxi eat old bowls, whether they are young adults, old people, children or women. Such a bowl is absolutely easy to use. You can fill it once and never come again.

People in Shaanxi eat for fun. They like to eat together. People call it the "Old Bowl Party". Sometimes, whoever has a delicious meal will not hesitate to give other children a bowl. Compared with those southerners who secretly enjoy food in their own homes with their doors closed, Shaanxi people are generous and free. When a group of people squatted outside the gate in twos and threes, each holding his own old bowl, chatting in the warm sun while chatting all over the world, that is to say, chattering. Living a leisurely and comfortable life, in fact, who does not say that this is a gift from God to the children of Sanqin!

Nowadays, with the improvement of life, there are more snacks and non-staple foods, and people's appetite is not as big as before, and their rice bowls are getting smaller and smaller. Therefore, the old bowl in Shaanxi has gradually become history. However, I miss the old bowl party who returned to the countryside from the bottom of my heart.

The fifth monster: a handkerchief on your head.

Ballad as evidence: an old lady in rural Shaanxi, wearing a plaid on her head. Sun protection, dustproof and rainproof, and wiping hands with sweat are more practical.

When you stroll along the rural roads in Shaanxi, you can see an old lady with a handkerchief wrapped in her head coming slowly with a cane. The handkerchief on the top of the head has become the most striking feature that distinguishes the old lady in Shaanxi from the old lady in other places.

It is not a day or two to say the history of the handkerchief on the old lady's head, which is a long-standing custom of Shaanxi people. Because Shaanxi is located in the northwest loess plateau, with strong sunshine, drought and little rain, and more sandstorms. Therefore, rural women should wear handkerchiefs on their heads when doing heavy work.

Speaking of the function of this small handkerchief, it's really great. Handkerchiefs can not only prevent strong sunlight from hurting the skin, but also prevent dust from entering the hair, and the hair will not be blown by the wind. When working outside, if you don't carry a towel with you, a handkerchief can be used to wipe sweat and put on a plaster, which is both economical and beautiful.

In fact, the handkerchiefs of old ladies are also related to their past lives. Because of poor life, people have no money to sell beautiful hats. Therefore, cheap and affordable handkerchiefs have become an inevitable choice for hardworking and simple rural women. Today, when people are rich, various hats gradually replace handkerchiefs. Handkerchiefs have also become a landscape in ancient history.

Sometimes I accidentally see young people with angry yellow hair and colorful headscarves in the street, as if the world were upside down at once.

The sixth monster: the house is half built.

Folk songs as evidence: rural houses are half covered and half covered, saving labor, materials and wood. Keep out the wind and rain, keep out the cold, warm in winter and transport in summer.

Half-built houses can be seen everywhere in rural Shaanxi. However, you must not think that this is a "bean curd residue" project. In fact, this is the unique living environment of Shaanxi people, which is inseparable from the local customs and habits in Shaanxi.

Because Shaanxi is located inland and belongs to a typical continental arid climate, the weather in Guanzhong generation is dry and windy, and local wood is scarce. As a result, people adapted to local conditions and invented a half-built house. To build such a house, of course, the materials used are all local materials. Mud embryo made of local loess and soil, 40 cm high, 50 cm long and 10 cm thick. After drying, they are used to build walls. If the conditions are good, it will be burned into blue bricks. Shaanxi people call this "paste repair", which actually means "laying bricks or stones". However, such a house not only saves a lot of wood and bricks, but also saves labor. Half a house that saves labor and materials is definitely not synonymous with bean curd residue project. In fact, every house is the result of years of hard work and sweat of the owner. At the same time, it is also the shelter for future generations.

When I was a child, I always lived in a half-hidden house. Because the room area has shrunk, the warmth and breathability are better, which is warmer in winter and cooler in summer than the big tile house. Therefore, affordable half-houses have become the first choice for rural areas in Shaanxi.

Today, half the houses built in Shaanxi have become history. With the improvement of people's life, local farmers have also lived in cement-reinforced buildings. Whenever I go back to my hometown and see those half houses, I will think of the past years.

The seventh monster: the girl is nothing more than.

Folk songs as evidence: Chang 'an has built its capital for more than ten generations. Good weather and good life, Shaanxi girls are not foreign.

Shaanxi Guanzhong has been outstanding since ancient times, and the land is vast and fertile. Therefore, people living in this land have no worries about food and clothing, so Shaanxi people's long-term sense of closure and conservatism is well-known throughout the country.

Shaanxi people are famous for their conservative awareness of their own girls. Since ancient times, there has been a tradition that Shaanxi girls are not foreigners. Shaanxi people never let outsiders take advantage, so strictly speaking, Shaanxi people's own girls are limited to Shaanxi people's internal exchanges and rarely marry foreigners. Since ancient times, girls from Henan, Sichuan, Hubei, Gansu and other places have been married to Shaanxi, but it is rare to see Shaanxi girls married to other places.

In our country, only those families with poor families and many brothers can't find suitable girls locally, so they have to find wives in other places. In this case, it will also make neighbors look down on it for a while.

Because Shaanxi has been a treasure trove of geomantic omen since ancient times, eighteen emperors built their capitals here and abused feudalism for many years. So girls in Shaanxi are generally more traditional and conservative. At the same time, because the 18th Emperor of Chang 'an built the capital here, the subjects at the foot of the Emperor of Heaven were more bullish and emboldened. In addition, hard farming on weekdays is enough to have ample food and clothing and enjoy the happiness of his wife and children. Therefore, Shaanxi people prefer to enjoy a free life in a self-enclosed small circle, rather than leaving their hometown for business.

Girls in Shaanxi live in such a relatively closed environment. Therefore, marriage is the fate of parents and the words of matchmakers. Generally speaking, we all ask around on the basis of the relationship between seven aunts and eight aunts, and then choose a more satisfactory family to marry our daughter, which is also knowing the roots.

As the saying goes: fat water does not flow to outsiders. Of course, girls in Shaanxi will not go abroad. However, that period of history is already an old yellow calendar. In the new era, young people have their own choices. Young people who break the old marriage cage actively strive for their own free and happy marriage, go out of Shaanxi to the world, and also talk about marriage with foreigners with blue eyes and yellow hair.

After leaving my hometown for more than ten years, when I reached marriageable age, my parents and I insisted that I should be a Shaanxi girl and let me find a fellow villager as my wife. However, I finally chose the local daughter-in-law in Northeast China.

It seems that this "strange" Shaanxi girl's long history of not being a foreigner is normal and not surprising to me!

The eighth monster: don't squat in your seat.

Ballad as evidence: Laoshan has a really strange temper, and he squats up whether he sits or not. Asked why he didn't sit down, he said it was very comfortable.

Shaanxi people like to sit on stools, eat, smoke and chat, which is painful to others, but in the eyes of old Shaanxi people, it is their own enjoyment.

In rural Shaanxi, in their spare time, the old people usually like to wear cloth shoes without socks, squat down on a stool with a cigarette bag in their mouth, hold a radio in their hands, drink tea and smoke. In such an atmosphere, they feel a sense of freedom and pleasure, which is much happier than those who sit still and show dignity. Therefore, Shaanxi people who are naturally casual are more willing to squat freely and be a happy and carefree Xialiba person. I don't want to sit on a stool at home and enjoy the elegant life in Chun Xue.

Perhaps Shaanxi people are born in close contact with the yellow land, which makes them more willing to approach and get close to the yellow land.

The ninth monster: the pillow stone

Ballad as evidence: Sanqin Lengwa plowman doesn't like soft pillows, but likes stones. Too cold and too solid, refreshing.

Shaanxi people don't like soft pillows, so they choose wooden pillows and stone pillows. This is inseparable from the straightforwardness of Shaanxi people.

In Shaanxi. When the summer heat is unbearable, farmers prefer to put a brick or stone as a pillow and sleep soundly on it when they sleep at night. Moreover, Shaanxi people affectionately call it "gold does not change", which means that the treasure that is not exchanged with gold is enough to see how the real Shaanxi people are attached to and obsessed with this pillow with stones and stones under their heads.

Of course, people in Shaanxi are generally flat-headed. After careful study, the author doubts whether their flat heads are related to their ancestors' love of sleeping with pillows.

When I was a child, it was very hot in summer, and my family wanted to enjoy the cool in the open space outside. Sometimes I sleep outside at night. Pawnshop a mat, put your head on a cold stone, and listen to grandpa telling ancient legends. After a while, I seemed to be the protagonist of that story. When I woke up, I saw the stars in the sky blinking naughtily, and the dew had soaked my quilt.

The tenth monster: Qiang Qin growled.

Folk songs as evidence: the folk customs are simple and tough, and the Shaanxi opera is full of throat. The audience was so happy that they were not afraid that the stage shed would turn over.

Among the top ten monsters in Shaanxi, the strangest is the rising throat of Shaanxi opera. Shaanxi Opera was born among the people, which vividly reflects people's wishes, love and hate, pain and joy, as well as their lives and struggles. Many plays of Shaanxi Opera are important or interesting themes that show the struggle against aggression, traitors and oppression in Chinese history.

Because the simple and frank Shaanxi-Gansu music reflects his cheerful, generous and upright character, as well as his simple, honest, hardworking and brave folk customs. Therefore, Shaanxi Opera has a deep foundation. In rural Shaanxi, for those who have worked hard for a year, the greatest enjoyment is to listen to a Shaanxi opera during the Spring Festival. If an old man is celebrating his birthday, his children and grandchildren will be honored to invite a troupe to sing well for that time, which will at least make the villagers in Shiliba Village nag for several months.

Shaanxi Opera is not Chun Xue, but an art that everyone in Xialiba can get close to. People are working hard, and when they are happy, they can let go of their voices and shout for a while. The loud roar echoed in the sky and fields, which made people feel very heroic. If you shout a section of Shaanxi opera in grief, it will be desolate and sad, low and tactfully, mountains and rivers will move their faces, and plants will be sad. Shaanxi Opera is like an umbilical cord, with one end connected with the future of Qin people and the other with the past of Qin people, providing people living in this yellow land with the milk of their thoughts.

Shaanxi Opera has its own system of singing, sketching, luban, facial makeup, characters and roles. Shaanxi opera, also known as "random play", has a high-pitched and passionate tone and requires singing with real voice, so it maintains the original and bold characteristics. It is best to choose an open-air venue for the performance of Shaanxi Opera, which not only has the flavor of Shaanxi Opera, but also can appreciate its essence. It is precisely because of its unique artistic style that it attracts people in this land. The singing of Shaanxi Opera is wide and loud, straight up and down, giving people a high-pitched, violent and rough feeling. When you look at the Shaanxi Opera, especially when you see the "blackheads" roaring and trembling in the Shaanxi Opera, you will truly realize the boldness of the Shaanxi Opera at this moment, which is also the bloodiness of the Qin people. If you are graceful and restrained in the beautiful south of the Yangtze River, you will never have such a rich voice. In the desolate night, when the exciting melody of Shaanxi Opera reverberates in the vast sky, at this time, as a pure Qin person, how can there be no * * * sound in my heart? In that Fiona Fang world, the audience cheered, which aroused the performance desire of the actors on the stage, especially the level of the actors was unanimously recognized by the audience. The audience would spontaneously shoot at the audience and give the actors red silk, which was the highest praise for the actors, so in such a warm atmosphere, one climax after another continued. ...

After the liberation of the whole country, in addition to the musical instruments used in this play for a long time, Shaanxi Opera also absorbed some other national musical instruments and western musical instruments to enrich the expressive force of its music. The roles of Shaanxi Opera are divided into thirteen categories: old students, bearded students, young students, Lao Dan, Zheng Dan, Xiao Dan, Hua Dan, Wu Dan, Media Dan, Dajing, Mao Jing and ugly women. The performance of Shaanxi Opera is simple, rough, delicate and profound, touching and full of exaggeration. It has its own unique style in facial makeup (such as the golden face of Qin Shihuang with a beard) and figure (such as riding a horse, pulling a shelf, picking firewood, carrying water, etc.). ), make-up (such as changing the head to comb your hair), stunts (spitting fire, blowing fire, walking on stilts), and language rhymes (Qin opera has fourteen rhymes, and there are tones in it). I remember that in the depths of my childhood memories, clowns fascinated me the most. The performer lights an oil lamp and puts it on his head to perform various actions. Chang Tianbao, a clown among the three scholars of Shaanxi Opera, was punished by his wife for gambling. Always put the oil lamp on your head, kneeling, walking, lying on your back, drilling chairs, drilling tables, serving tables, etc. , are very comfortable, can let the oil lamp not drop, not spill, not go out. It all depends on the balance skill of the actor's neck. Liu Shengsan, Jin Fuchang, Wang Banjie, Zhao, and Cai, the clown of Han opera, are all good players in this field. King board can also blow out the overhead lights by itself. At that time, I envied these famous artists of Shaanxi Opera. My biggest dream is to be a Shaanxi opera artist, but now I can only hum a few tunes to comfort myself.

Qin opera is also the originator of many operas. Shaanxi opera can be divided into two ways: east and west, and the west is exposed into Sichuan to become a bangzi; East Road is Shanxi Opera, Henan Opera and Hebei Opera. Therefore, Shaanxi Opera can be regarded as the originator of Beijing Opera, Henan Opera, Shanxi Opera and Hebei Opera. Most of the repertoires performed by Shaanxi Opera are the legend of heroes's or tragic stories, as well as myths, folk stories and various case-solving dramas from the departments such as Country, The History of the Three Kingdoms, Yang Jiajiang and Yue Shuo. There are more than 0/0000 plays/kloc-,ranking first among more than 300 operas in China. Due to the long history, there are many scattered plays.

Now back to my hometown, I can never see the prosperity of Shaanxi Opera. Nowadays, young people envy those handsome men and women who have been carefully packaged. Their whining reminds us of mosquitoes on summer nights and makes us feel very uncomfortable.

With the rapid development of the times, some of the top ten eccentrics in Shaanxi have long since disappeared, while those handed down from generation to generation are gradually decreasing. But as pure Qin people, they don't understand this historical custom, and they are not real Qin people.