Guava (fruit name) complete information

Guava Trees of Myrtaceae, up to13m; The bark is smooth, gray and flaky; The shoots are angular and hairy. Leaf blade leathery, oblong to elliptic, apex acute or obtuse, base nearly round, slightly rough above, hairy below, lateral veins usually depressed, reticulate veins obvious; The petiole is 5 mm long. Flowers solitary or 2-3 arranged in cymes; The calyx tube is bell-shaped and hairy, and the calyx cap is irregularly cracked; Petals white; Stamens 6-9 mm long; The ovary is inferior, connate with the calyx, and the style is as long as the stamens. Berry is spherical, oval or pear-shaped, with persistent sepals at the top, white and yellow flesh, hypertrophy of placenta, fleshy and red; There are many kinds of seeds.

Native to South America. Cultivated in all parts of South China, the common species is Yi, which reaches Anning Valley in southwest Sichuan in the north and is born in wasteland or low hills. Fruit eaten; Leaves contain volatile oil and tannins. Used as medicine, it has the effects of stopping dysentery, stopping bleeding and strengthening stomach. Boil the leaves to remove tannins and dry them in the sun to make tea, which is sweet and has the effect of clearing heat.

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Chinese name: Guava Latin scientific name: Psidium guajava Linn. Other names: Psidium guajava, Psidium henryi, Psidium cornutum Kingdom: Plant kingdom: Angiosperms: Dicotyledonous Subclass: Rosaceae Subclass: Myrtaceae: Myrtaceae: Psidium guajava: Psidium guajava: Distribution: names and years of China, Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi and Fujian. 1753 English name: Guava morphological characteristics, growth habits, geographical distribution, propagation mode, grafting, looping, cutting, cultivation techniques, planting, pruning, fertilizer and water, pest control, main value, edible, nutritional, medicinal, tree morphological characteristics, The bark is smooth, gray and flaky; The shoots are angular and hairy. Leaf blade is leathery, oblong to oval, 6-12cm long and 3.5-6cm wide, with acute or blunt apex, nearly round base, slightly rough upper surface, hairy lower surface, lateral veins 12- 15 pairs, frequent subsidence and obvious reticulate veins; The petiole is 5 mm long. Flowers solitary or 2-3 arranged in cymes; Calyx tube bell-shaped, 5 mm long, hairy, calyx cap nearly round, 7-8 mm long, irregularly dehiscent; Petal length1-1.4cm, white; Stamens 6-9 mm long; The ovary is inferior, connate with the calyx, and the style is as long as the stamens. Berry is spherical, ovoid or pear-shaped, 3-8 cm long, with sepals at the top, white and yellow flesh, large placenta, fleshy and red; There are many kinds of seeds. Growth habits are born in wasteland or low hills; Suitable for tropical climate, afraid of frost, young trees will freeze to death when the temperature is-1℃-2℃. The suitable growth temperature in summer should be above 65438 05℃. The requirements for soil are not strict, and sandy loam and clay loam with good drainage are more suitable for cultivation and growth. Soil pH 4.5-8.0 can be planted. Geographical distribution Guava is a tropical fruit tree with strong adaptability. Originated in tropical America, it spread to tropical and subtropical regions of the world in 16- 17 century, such as North America, Oceania, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, Indonesia, India, Malaysia, North Africa and Vietnam. /kloc-introduced to China at the end of 0/7. Taiwan Province, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Jiangxi, Yunnan and other provinces are all cultivated, and some places have escaped into wild fruit trees. The propagation methods of guava can be seedling raising, cutting, ring branch (air layering) and grafting. Because the root system can produce tillers, the method of dividing plants can also be used. However, seedling propagation is variable, so it is best to use nutrition bags for propagation. This kind of rootstock is generally selected for grafting. When the diameter of the seedling reaches 0.7 cm, it can be grafted. Bud grafting or branch grafting can be used. The best time is winter and spring. The scion should not be too old or too tender, and the newly peeled branches are suitable. The best effect is to pick leaves when the buds are about to germinate 10- 15 days before scion collection. Rootstocks are strong and accumulate more nutrients, which is beneficial to the survival of grafting. Generally, after bud grafting, it will be untied 1 month. After the bud heals and survives, the anvil will promote the scion to sprout and grow. After 1 year, it can be planted in the nursery. 2-3-year-old branches with a diameter of 1.2- 1.5 cm were selected for round branches, girdled at a distance of 40-60 cm from the top of the branches, with a width of 2-3 cm and covered with rooting medium. Before wrapping the rooting medium, applying IBA aqueous solution or lanolin can promote early rooting, increase the number of roots and improve the survival rate. Two months later, when the new roots grew densely, they were sawed off from the roots of the mother plant. Grow new buds twice and turn green before planting. In order to improve the seedling rate of ring branches, four points should be paid attention to: first, when taking three new roots, the roots should be sawed off; Second, it is best to use a nutrition bag followed by culture; Third, cut off most of the branches and leaves that follow, but don't cut off all of them, so as to avoid the rapid germination of new buds, which will lead to the withering of new buds and the death of seedlings; The fourth is proper shading and moisture regulation. Cutting 2-3-year-old branches with stem diameter of 1.2- 1.5cm and length of 1.5cm for 2-4 months. Treating the base of cuttings with 0.2% indolebutyric acid can promote rooting, and adding 2% sucrose is better. It can also be treated with 0.2% NAA and leaf shears, and the effect is better under spraying conditions. After treatment, it is planted in bed at 28-32℃, which takes root quickly and well. Cultivation techniques for planting guava varieties with early maturity and poor soil can be planted with row spacing of 4m× 4m; Middle-late maturing varieties, fertile soil, can be planted with row spacing of 6 m× 4 m or 5 m× 5 m, combined with soil improvement, dig 80 cm wide planting holes and bury weeds, green manure, organic fertilizer and lime in layers. After backfilling, it should be more than 20 cm above the ground. It is best to apply base fertilizer 1 month in advance and backfill the planting hole, which is beneficial to the soil settlement of the planting hole and avoids the settlement after planting, resulting in overgrowth. After planting, cover the trees with grass and water them thoroughly. When there are too many sharp leaves, some leaves can be cut off to reduce water consumption. After planting, erect columns to prevent the wind from shaking and breaking the branchlets. Guava has been pruned, trimmed and reshaped, and its crown is dwarfed. After planting, cut off the seedlings when they are 50-60 cm high to promote the growth of new buds. Select 3-4 oblique branches with uniform distribution and suitable branching angle as main branches, cut the main branches by 30-40 cm, and select 2-3 branches as auxiliary main branches. Then the bearing branches are cultivated on the main branches and auxiliary main branches. This can form a round crown with short trunk and many main branches, short tree shape and many effective branches. The fruit quality of Feishui Guava is closely related to fertilization, and the fruit with organic fertilizer is obviously different from the fruit with chemical fertilizer. Therefore, it is necessary to use organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer reasonably. In 1 year, 2 kg of ternary compound fertilizer (the contents of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are all 15%), 0.2 kg of soybean bran 1 kg (or equivalent organic fertilizers such as chicken manure and pig manure), 0.2 kg of potassium sulfate and 0.5 kg of shell ash are applied to each plant; In the second year of planting, the amount of fertilizer applied in the previous year increased by 1 times; In the third year of planting, the amount of fertilization does not increase, but it can also increase according to the tree potential and yield. Young tree application: topdressing is based on the principle of diligent application and thin application. Generally, new shoots are fertilized twice for every 65,438+0 times of culture, and 65,438+0 times for new shoots sprouting and when the new shoots are 40 cm long, respectively, mainly available nitrogen. 2.5-5.0 kg of 0.3% urea liquid fertilizer or 25 g of urea and 50 g of potassium fertilizer are applied to each plant. Results Fertilization of trees: ① Fertilizer for promoting shoots and flowers: after each shoot cutting and flower promotion, ternary compound fertilizer (nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents are all 65,438+05%) was applied, accounting for 30% of the annual fertilization, and lime powder was 65,438+0 kg; ② Applying ternary compound fertilizer and potassium sulfate during the fruit growing period, accounting for 30% of the annual fertilization; ③ Before fruit picking, decomposed livestock manure, farmyard manure or peanut bran should be applied, accounting for 40% of the annual fertilization, and chemical fertilizer should be stopped at this time; ④ foliar fertilizer should be sprayed with 0.5% magnesium sulfate, 0. 1% boric acid or 0.2% borax solution 1-2 times at an interval of 7- 10 days, or topdressing outside the roots according to the lack of nutrients. Pay attention to drainage in rainy season and irrigation in dry season. In winter, deep ditches in orchards store shallow water. After winter, the frame can be covered with plastic film to keep warm and moisturize. Pests and Pests The main pests and diseases of guava are canker, damping-off, nematodiasis, anthracnose, soot disease, fruit rot, mealybug, cotton aphid, peach moth, whitefly, aphid and yellow thorn moth. Applying Bordeaux solution (1 part copper sulfate, 2 parts hydrated lime and 3 parts cow dung to make a paste) to the wound can prevent ulceration and collapse. Anthracnose, scorch rot and soot disease can be controlled by 50% zineb, 50% thiophanate-methyl 1000 times solution or 75% chlorothalonil 800 times solution. Guava and guava. Amp nematodiasis is the vector of damping-off disease. Once infected, it is very difficult to treat it. In order to control this disease, healthy seedlings should be selected as potted seedlings. Potted nutrient soil should be disinfected with phoxim and lime. Once the diseased plants are found, they should be pulled out or cut off and burned in time to prevent the spread. 2.5% Kung Fu EC 2000 times solution can control peach fruit borer. Aphids, whiteflies, etc. 25% chlorpyrifos 1000 times solution or 40% chlorpyrifos 1000 times solution should be used for control. The main value of edible guava is that it is sweet and juicy, with smooth pulp and few seeds. Regular consumption can supplement the nutrients that the human body lacks, strengthen the body and improve the physical quality. Compared with apples, guava has 38% lower fat content and 42% lower calories. Guava Guava is also widely used in food processing industry, the main purpose is to increase the content of vitamin C in food, so that the nutrition of food can be strengthened and improved. Guava can be eaten raw or cooked as fresh fruit, and the cooked guava can be made into various sauces such as water jam, jelly and hot and sour sauce. Guava can also add flavor when making sauces, fruit salads, pies, puddings, ice cream, yogurt and some drinks. Guava can be eaten with or without skin. Before eating, the fruit should be divided into two parts, which can be added according to cooking needs. Nutritional Guava itself is rich in nutrients, especially protein and vitamin C, and also contains vitamins A and B and trace elements such as calcium, phosphorus, iron and potassium. Guava is also rich in dietary fiber, carotene and fat. In addition, guava also contains nutrients such as fructose, sucrose and amino acids. Medicinal leaves and fruits: sweet, astringent and flat. Astringe, stop diarrhea and stop bleeding. Can be used for treating infantile diarrhea, dysentery and dyspepsia. Fresh leaves: for external use for traumatic injury, traumatic bleeding and scabies.