Water Margin Q tells the story of the god beast.

Water Margin is also one of the four classical novels. China's novels in Ming Dynasty. Also known as "Loyalty and Righteousness Water Margin", the current version is called "Water Margin" for short. It is generally believed that this was written by Shi Naian. There are different records about its author in Ming Dynasty. Lang's "Seven Manuscripts" said: "The Chronicles of the Three Kingdoms, edited by Song Jiang, Hangzhou people Robben view. Give meaning to the old, there must be books, so it is called compilation. " "Sung River" is also a book of Shi Naian in Qiantang, and Gao Ru's "Hundred Rivers Record" contains: "The Legend of Loyalty and Righteousness has a hundred volumes. When the author is mentioned in Shi Naian Ben of Qiantang and The Water Margin of Loyalty edited by Li Zhi by Luo Guanzhong, it is said to be "Stone and Luo Gong". In addition, Tian Rucheng's Notes on the West Lake and Chen Shi both contain Luo Guanzhong's writings. Hu Yinglin's "Shao Shi Shan Fang Bi Ji" is said to be "compiled by a historian in Wulin" and "passed down from generation to generation in the name of Naian". To sum up, there are three viewpoints in Ming Dynasty: the theory of "Zhi", the theory of Luo Guanzhong and the theory of history, and the theory of Romania's cooperation. Now, most academic circles think that Shi Naian wrote it. Shi Naian, whose life experience is unknown, is generally considered to be from the late Yuan Dynasty to the early Ming Dynasty. Wu Mei's Gu Qu Tan records that Shi Naian was a favorite of the playwright at the end of Yuan Dynasty, which is not very reliable. Since the 1920s, some materials have been found in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, such as epitaph, biography in Shi's genealogy, Shi's genealogy and the Continued Records of Xinghua County. However, there are many contradictions and obvious unbelievability in these materials, so the academic circles have different opinions on the authenticity of these materials, and most researchers are skeptical and need further study.

Shi Naian (about 1296 ~ 1370)

China was a writer in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty. The child's name is an ear. Xinghua (now Xinghua County, Jiangsu Province) was born in Suzhou. According to legend, Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin. In the 19th year of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty (1540), Gao Ru's "Hundred Rivers Records" contained: "Loyalty and righteousness are all around you 100. Qiantangben Edited by Luo Guanzhong. " In the 45th year of Jiajing, Lang Ying called this book "The Book of Qiantang Shi Naian" in Seven Manuscripts. During the Wanli period, Hu Yinglin pointed out in "Shao's Mountain House Pen Collection": "The Water Margin compiled by Zhongshi in Wulin is particularly popular." Today, people agree that Shi Naian is the author of Water Margin.

There are few materials about Shi Naian's life story, and some records collected are quite contradictory. Since the 1920s, some related materials have been found in Xinghua, Jiangsu Province, including Shi's Genealogy, Shi's Genealogy and the Continuation of Xinghua County Records. The thirteenth appendix contains 65,438+0 biographies of Shi Naian, and the fourteenth appendix contains 65,438+0 epitaphs of Shi Naian written by Wang Daosheng in the early Ming Dynasty. According to the analysis of these materials, Shi was a scholar in Shunshun two years (133 1) and served as an official in Qiantang for two years. Because of disagreement with the authorities, he abandoned his post and went back to Suzhou to write about the Water Margin, tracing back the old news and writing behind closed doors, but failed to fulfill his ambition. There is also a legend that he had contact with Zhang Shicheng, the general of peasant uprising at the end of Yuan Dynasty.

The Water Margin is the result of the collective creation of unknown folk authors and literati writers, and its book has experienced a long process of circulation and evolution. The peasant uprising, headed by Song Jiang, described in Water Margin, took place in Xuanhe period of Song Huizong (119 ~1126). Because of its huge momentum, it has produced many anecdotes among the people, and it has been constantly processed and decorated by unknown authors. Shi Naian wrote a book on the basis of long-term folklore, folk speaking art and Water Margin Opera in Yuan Dynasty.

The book Water Margin is based on the story of Sung River Uprising in the late Northern Song Dynasty. According to the biography of Hou Meng, "Thirty-six people run amok in the river, and tens of thousands of loyal ministers in JD.COM dare not resist." According to "History of Song Dynasty Hui Zong", "Song Jiang, a thief from Huainan, and others committed crimes against Huaiyang Army, and sent them to beg for arrest, commit crimes, and enter the border between Chu and Haizhou, so that the prefect Zhang Shuye surrendered them." Zhang Shuye Biography of the History of the Song Dynasty: "Sung River started in Xinhe and turned to ten counties, so the loyalists dared not take it. When the word came, the uncle sent an envoy to the sea at night, and the thief approached the sea, robbed more than ten giant boats and carried them. So he raised thousands of dead people and ambushed near the city to resist the temptation of light soldiers from the sea. First, he hid by the sea, waited for the soldiers to meet, and then set fire to his boat. Hearing this, the thief had no fighting spirit. He ambushed him and caught his assistant thief. Jiang Nai surrendered. " In addition, Li's Outline of Ten Dynasties, Chen Jun's Chronology of Song and Nine Dynasties, and Xu's Compilation of Three Dynasties and Northern Alliance also have similar records. There are also records that Song Jiang took part in the battle of Fang La after he surrendered. From these records, we can know that this rebel army, with a small number (but never more than 36 people), has strong combat effectiveness and great influence among the masses, which once posed a certain threat to the Song Dynasty. Sung Jiang and other uprisings took place in the first year of Xuanhe (119) to the third year of Xuanhe (1 12 1), more than three years before and after.

The story of 36 people, including Song Jiang, which flourished in the Song Dynasty and spread among the people, was quickly adopted by storytellers as the material for writing stories. The titles of the novels recorded in The intoxicating Tales of the Southern Song Dynasty, such as The Green Beast, The Flower Monk and The Warrior, should be regarded as the stories of Yang Zhi and Lu He. In addition, the story of Sun Li in the Stone Story may also be. This is the earliest record of the script of Water Margin. At the end of the Southern Song Dynasty, there was Gong Kai's "Thirty-six people praised Song Jiangxu": "The story of Song Jiang can be seen in the street." He also said that before Gong Kai, there was an art academy to write to Song Li, and he painted portraits of Song Jiang and others. But Gong Kai's praise didn't tell a story. Now, the earliest work to write the story of the Water Margin is the Legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty (see the Legacy of Xuanhe), which is either from the Yuan Dynasty or the old books of the Song Dynasty, but it has gained something. Some researchers think it is a basic book for storytellers. The synopsis of the story of the Water Margin recorded in it, from Yang Zhi selling knives to killing people, after outwitting the birth outline, Song Jiang killed Xi, and Xuan Nv granted a sealed book for nine days, is basically the same as the water margin now. At this time, the water margin story has developed from many scattered and independent single articles into a systematic and coherent whole. Yuan Zaju was popular, and a large number of Water Margin plays appeared. The Water Margin recorded in Yuan Zaju is roughly the same as the characters' names in Xuan He's posthumous works in Da Song Dynasty, but the location of gathering righteousness is different. The drama talked about Liang Shanbo, and the heritage talked about Taihang Mountain. There are already "108 leaders" in the zaju, and the "legacy" only mentions the names of 36 generals posthumous title; Among the heritages, Li Kui jy ranked 14, Yan Qing ranked 28th, Li Kui jy ranked 13, and Yan Qing ranked 15 in zaju. All these can be seen that before the publication of Water Margin, the content and details of Water Margin stories were quite similar. This may also be related to the spread in different regions. It is these stories that spread in different regions that were collected by Shi Naian, selected, processed and recreated, and this excellent classic "Water Margin" was written.

The ideological content of Water Margin reveals some essential aspects of the occurrence, development and failure of peasant uprising in China feudal society with its excellent artistic description means. The social significance of Water Margin firstly lies in profoundly exposing the darkness and decay of feudal society and the evil of the ruling class, indicating that the root cause of peasant uprising is "officials forcing the people to rebel". At the beginning of work, Gao Qiu, the black sheep who has always been rejected by people, was attracted by Duan Wang who played football. Later, Duan Wang became emperor (Hui Zong), and Gao Qiu was promoted to Qiu, the palace master. The emperor was just a wandering dude who knew how to escape. His cronies include Cai Jing, Tong Guan and Yang Jian, forming a supreme ruling group. Cai and higher people take their relatives and friends as their henchmen, such as Cai Jiu, Murong and He Taishou. Below them, there are some corrupt officials and local tyrants, who are in a mess from top to bottom, killing loyalty, bullying kindness and treating the people. "Water Margin" tells the story of Gao Qiu persecuting Wang Jin when exposing the crimes of these corrupt officials, local tyrants and bullies, because Wang Jin's father knocked over Gao Qiu with a stick in his early years, and Gao Qiu retaliated against the officials on the first day of his appointment, punishing Wang Jin for no reason, causing Wang Jin to escape overnight under the service of his mother. The author also wrote that Gao Qiu tried every means to murder Lin Chong in order to let his son occupy his wife. As one of the representatives of the ruling group, Gao Qiu embodies the vicious and insidious power characteristics and the ugly and decadent nature of the feudal ruling class. In addition, "Water Margin" also wrote all kinds of evil deeds of landlords and bullies, such as Zheng Tu occupying Jin Cuilian, Ximen Qing killing Wu Da, Taigong colluding with the government to frame Orion Jie Zhen, Jaguar and so on.

The artistic achievement "The Water Margin" has made outstanding achievements in art ... The shaping of characters can write complex characters, and the formation of characters has an environmental basis and develops with the changes of living environment. The characters are full of ideal colors and deeply rooted in the soil of life. "Water Margin" not only wins by the vivid tension of the plot, but also has rich and true details. The novel creates a popular, concise, vivid and expressive literary language on the basis of folk spoken language. Adapting to the content, the artistic structure of the first 70 cycles is also unique.

The Water Margin is one of the best novels in ancient China, which is widely circulated and has great influence on later generations. Its version has two systems: simplified version and complex version. Since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there have been many versions, and the differences between them are obvious. Among them, 70 copies, 100 copies and 120 copies are more popular.

In a word, Water Margin describes the oppression of the people by the feudal ruling class from top to bottom. There are upright elites among the oppressed, such as Chai Jin and Yang Zhi. Where there is oppression, there is resistance. It is of typical significance to write "Water Margin" in which Lin Chong is caught up with Liangshan, which shows the truth of "top-down insurrection". The ill-gotten wealth left by Chao Gai and others who robbed Beijing in Liang Shijie in Water Margin shows the people's resistance and attack on the exploitation of corrupt officials, which is also of typical significance. Relying on this kind of resistance, Classical and others also embarked on the road of rebellion. Bai Sheng sang a folk song in "The Plan of Intellectual Life": "The sun is like fire, the wild Tian He rice is half burnt, the farmer's heart is like soup, and the son Wang Sun shakes the fan." It also sang the injustice of the oppressed people in past dynasties and reflected the sharp contradiction between classes.

Heroes in the Water Margin took to the road of resistance, each with its own reasons and circumstances, but many people are * * * at this point. For example, Ruan Sanxia rebelled because he could not live. They were dissatisfied with the government's exploitation and actively participated in the action of robbing the "family planning", thus going to Liangshan. Jie Zhen and Jebel rebelled because they were plundered and persecuted by landlords. Lu is an officer. He hated evil and liked to fight against injustice, so he clashed with the government and was forced to go up the mountain and become an outlaw. Song Wu was born in a poor city. In order to avenge his brother, he was repeatedly framed, and finally rose up and bravely attacked the ruling class. He woke up from the lesson of blood. Lin Chongyuan was the head coach of the 800,000 imperial army in Tokyo. He is a man of status, family background and official life. He is law-abiding. However, he was forced to rebel after all. This shows that in the case of sharp and complicated class contradictions and extremely dark politics, the ruling class will inevitably split. Some of them fought back because they were excluded by the establishment, and they will also join the torrent of peasant uprisings. Angry killing Ximen Qing is selected from the illustrations in Yuan edition of Water Margin in Chongzhen period of Ming Dynasty. Wu Yongzhi took The Outline of Birth from the Book of Heroes in Chongzhen.

The Water Margin reflects the law of the occurrence and development of peasant uprising, which is gradual, step by step, and finally launched in an all-round way. Heroic uprisings are from small to large, from individual resistance to collective action, from unorganized to organized, from small hills to big hills, and finally merged into a mighty uprising. Struggle activities of Shandong, Japan and other countries. At first, most of them were forced, or fought against injustice, or out of personal retaliatory resistance. Later, they became an outlaw in Erlong Mountain, and then took part in Liangshan Uprising. At first, the "outwit the birth program" was an organized rebellion, but after Chao Gai and others came to Liangshan, they rebelled against the government on a larger scale. The armed forces of the uprising also developed from small stocks to large stocks, and finally they all gathered on the huge water margin.

Shi Naian, the author of Water Margin, fully affirmed and enthusiastically eulogized these heroes, praising their rebellious spirit and just action, as well as their superb martial arts and noble character. Some heroes from the lower classes, such as Li Kui jy, San Ruan, Song Wu, Shi Xiu, etc. , the exploitation and oppression of the ruling class have the deepest feelings, so once they rebel, they have the strongest resistance, and the laws and regulations of the ruling class have no constraints on them, like Li Kui jy, even the emperor does not care. They went through fire and water for the just cause of the uprising, and the author's praise for these heroes is completely heartfelt love. The work eulogizes such a group of court robbers and traitors who are regarded by the ruling class as "killing and setting fire" and some so-called "unforgivable" sinners. It is so incisive and affectionate that the author's courage and righteous feelings can be seen. On the contrary, the author describes the figures of the ruling class as ugly, in sharp contrast with Liangshan heroes. Thereby inspiring people's love and hate. Jin Shengtan commented that "Water Margin" "No beauty does not return to the green forest, and no evil does not return to the court." Regardless of Jin Shengtan's subjective motivation, this sentence really illustrates Shi Naian's ideological tendency and the profound social significance of Water Margin. Countless peasant uprisings have taken place in the history of China, and farmers in China have rich traditions and experiences in armed struggle. The only one that eulogizes the peasant war in the form of literature and makes a full-scale artistic reproduction truly and vividly is Water Margin. The Water Margin pays more attention to the summary of war experience when describing and praising the armed struggle of the rebels. The insurgents defeated the enemy not only by courage, but also by wisdom. There are many examples in Water Margin, among which "Three Zhujiazhuang Villages" is a prominent example. Mao Zedong once praised "Sanda Zhujiazhuang" as the best case in line with dialectics. In this campaign, Liangshan Rebel Army was able to pay attention to investigation and study, divide and disintegrate the enemy, and adopt the method of internal and external wars, and finally won the war. The description of war in Water Margin is comparable to that in Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Liu Luan's "Five Stones" in the Qing Dynasty said: Zhang of the peasant uprising army in the late Ming Dynasty "made people say every day that any ambush or attack was effective."

Although the political views of the insurgents described in Water Margin are not very clear, we can see that they all have the ideal of "four directions, one family with different surnames", and no matter how they come from, they are called "brothers and sisters, regardless of seniority". Linked with their action of "killing the rich and helping the poor", it shows that the people oppose the disparity between the rich and the poor in feudal economy and the polarization between the rich and the poor in politics, and oppose class exploitation and political oppression in feudal society. This is a declaration of war against the ruling ideology of the feudal landlord class and reflects the will of the oppressed people.

The ideological basis of organizing and uniting the masses in Water Margin is "loyalty". The righteousness mentioned here has injected the thoughts, feelings and moral concepts of the oppressed class to a certain extent, which is realized by some intellectuals of the landlord class. Lang Ying, an Amin, once said: "I didn't expect that there was an indecent gift at that time. Ginger must have a sense of injustice." This actually means that the meaning in the Water Margin is not exactly the same as that of the ruling class. In the feudal society of China, the lower classes often gave lectures. In order to protect their own interests and avoid being bullied by violence, they naturally have the desire to unite against aggression. This desire is particularly evident in some vagrants who are forced by life to live in different places. They are very loyal to their friends. Seeing the bumpy road, drawing a sword to help each other, and then "helping the poor" and "killing the rich to help the poor" are all manifestations of "righteousness." Therefore, the meaning written in Water Margin is anti-feudalism and anti-oppression under certain circumstances, which is different from the "righteousness" in Confucian ethics. But "the thought of the ruling class is the dominant thought of every era." Therefore, the "righteousness" in Water Margin can't replace the position and function of the old ethics. The "loyalty" in Water Margin has the content of being loyal to Liangshan, but it also has the idea of being loyal to the monarch. On many occasions, the feudal ethical festival of "loyalty and filial piety" was put in the first place, and "righteousness" was put in a secondary position. This is a manifestation that the loyalty of the rivers and lakes has not broken through feudal morality. Some of Liang Shanbo's most combative and revolutionary figures will eventually accept Song Jiang's call with loyalty.

The author of "Water Margin" praises Liangshan Rebel Army, but opposes Fang La Uprising, which actually shows that he sympathizes with and praises an incomplete peasant uprising, that is, an uprising that does not overthrow the feudal dynasty and "claim the king". Therefore, the slogan of "doing good for heaven" appeared in Water Margin. "Doing justice for heaven" has its rebellious significance, but it can't break through the concept of monarch just because it obeys destiny, because in feudal society, it is the ruling class who deceives the people by destiny, and the so-called "relying on the emperor to make princes" has always ruled the people by destiny. "Doing justice for heaven" in the Water Margin means that these heroes will do justice for heaven when the imperial court has no choice, and the reason for the darkness of the imperial court is that "I blinded the saints", so their rebellion was only aimed at corrupt officials, not at the emperor, so they finally had to surrender to the emperor's feet, and the banner of "Doing justice for heaven" was finally changed to ". This is also one of the reasons for the tragic end of the heroes of the Water Margin.

The book Water Margin can be divided into two parts. In the first half, heroes from all walks of life gathered in the mountains to fight against the government and were supported. The second half consists of five parts: collecting Liao, Ping, Ping Wangqing, Ping Wax and ending. Among them, tian hu and Wang Qing joined later, and the earlier Baihui seen today is the square wax that appeared after Liao Dynasty. However, some researchers believe that it may also be a supplement to Liao Zheng, because, firstly, Liao Zheng is different from the peaceful Fang La in Zhao 'an, and there is no trace in history. Secondly, peace, the Qing army in Rainbow, in Liangshan, central Liaoning, recruited one hundred single eight people, and none of them died. This view is still controversial. In terms of ideological content, the first half of Water Margin is that people oppose the government, reflecting class contradictions, while the second half is that loyal ministers oppose ministers, reflecting the contradiction between loyal ministers within the ruling class. The author writes that Song Jiang's acceptance of peace shows serious ideological limitations, but it also embodies national patriotism. Lu Xun said: "Accepting peace was the thought of the late Song Dynasty and the early Yuan Dynasty, because at that time, social unrest, officers and men suppressed civilians, peaceful people among the people endured, and those who were not peaceful separated and stole ... But when soldiers came in and could not resist, the people wanted to use it better than officers and men because they hated foreigners. This statement is well founded. The age when the story of the Water Margin spread was the age when ethnic contradictions were sharp. In the second half of the Water Margin, it was written that Song Jiang and others were hugged, which was related to this background. The appearance of Liao Dynasty is the continuation and development of this thought. As for loyal ministers, it is also related to this idea. At the end of the novel, it is written that "the historian has two poems mourning the death of the Tang Dynasty", and Song Jiang and other Liangshan figures, among which, it is said: "There is no need to seek the original, but to talk about loyalty and goodness. The author of Water Margin described Song Jiang as a loyal minister. In the eighty-fifth time, Ouyang, assistant minister of Liao country, recruited Song Jiang, and Wu Yong offered a plan to Song Jiang: to be rich, surrender to Liao country; Be loyal and serve the Song Dynasty. Song Jiang said, "We should serve our country faithfully until death do us part. "The' loyalty to the country' here is actually the national position under specific historical conditions.

After Song Jiang surrendered, the hero of Water Margin has been excluded, attacked and framed by the ministers, and finally Song Jiang and others were killed by the ministers. Such a tragic ending is also of positive significance for exposing the sins of the rulers and warning the popular people.

In a word, the phenomenon of "officials forcing the people to revolt" in the artistic image of Water Margin profoundly reflects the true colors of history, and the vigorous uprising of heroes in Liangshanpo strongly impacted the rule of the feudal landlord class, which is rare in the history of literature. It describes the Liangshan Uprising Army, which, after being called up, ended in a tragic ending despite its loyalty, fighting against foreign enemies and quelling civil strife, and also profoundly conveyed a historical lesson.

The artistic features of Water Margin The author of Water Margin tells many fascinating stories and creates many lovely and distinctive heroic images with his superb artistic expression and vivid literary language.

The Water Margin inherits and develops the traditional features of China's ancient novels and stories. The story is legendary, with ups and downs. The climax of each story is close to the reader's heartstrings. For example, Boxing Town in Kansai, Intelligence and Birth Outline, Song Jiang Killing Cherish, Song Wu Killing Tiger, Blood Splashing in Yuanyang Building, Jiangzhou Snatching Court and Sanda Zhujiazhuang have been popular for hundreds of years. However, Water Margin does not cater to the public simply for pursuing the strangeness of the story, but closely revolves around the idea of "officials forcing the people to rebel" and integrates the story with the characters. Song Wu, Lin Chong and Lu Junyi are all heroes with high martial arts, and they are the first-class heroes of Liangshan. These three men were framed and enlisted by the government, but Song Wu, Lin Chong and Lu Junyi were completely different. Lin Chong and Lu Junyi were at the mercy of policemen on their way to exile, and sometimes they begged for mercy from policemen. Both of them were cheated, tied to a tree and bowed their heads and died. On the other hand, Song Wu expelled Manjusri for the first time, but two policemen served him along the way. The second banishment of Zhou En, two policemen who sent him were bribed, and two apprentices of Jiang Menshen conspired to kill him on the way. Four murderers with knives, dealing with a prisoner with a cangue, were easily cleaned up by him. He doesn't feel avenged. He rushed back to Mengzhou in one breath and killed Zhang Dujian, Ying and others. Only then did he work out the demon. Neither Lin Chong nor Lu Junyi is bad at martial arts. The reason is that one of them is the richest man in Beijing and the other is the 800,000 imperial coach in Tokyo. They are people with status and status, and they all have their own families. Unfortunately, they were wronged. They just want to serve their sentences and regain their prestige. They are people who know the law but have fantasies. They are angry in public and bear a sigh of relief. However, Song Wu has been wandering for a long time and has developed a strong character, with no scruples and no fear. In addition, he has been bullied, falsely accused, and constantly countered by others, so he is vengeful and ruthless. The performances of Lin Chong, Lu Junyi and Song Wu are completely different, but there are also some differences. Lin Chong's resistance is stronger than Lu Junyi's.

Shuihu language is a literary language based on spoken language and created by processing and refining. Its language features are distinct, refined, accurate and vivid. No matter the description language of the author or the language of the characters in the works, many places are vivid and full of life. Writing about landscapes, objects, narratives and expressions is extremely clever and vivid. Shuihu's narrative is good at sketching, concise and lively, without dull narrative and tedious scenery description. Occasionally writing landscape words is extremely wonderful. For example, Song Wu didn't listen to the hotel's advice, went up the mountain drunk and read the notice on the temple gate, only to know that there really was a tiger. He hesitated a little, but he went to the post anyway. Here, the author only used two sentences to contrast the atmosphere and mood at this time: "Looking back on that day, it gradually fell" and Song Wu "stumbled through the chaotic forest", which not only wrote the time of tiger activities, but also wrote the environment where tigers appeared. Two sentences tell the whole story in a horrible and sad atmosphere and mood, which makes people feel that a live tiger will suddenly jump out here and now. The narrative of Water Margin should be simple, just right and vivid. Song Wu Da Hu is a good article that has been praised all the time. Very vivid, describing the tiger's ability to win people with a jump, a lift and a chop, and the roar of shaking the mountain. A live real tiger jumped out of the paper. After several struggles, the tiger's prestige gradually decreased. Finally, how to be suppressed by Song Wu, how to struggle and how to be killed by Song Wu are all vividly written. Through these descriptions, the heroic image of Song Wu has been better highlighted.

The description of characters' language in Water Margin has reached a high level. Through the characters' language, not only the characters' personality characteristics are expressed, but sometimes their origins, status and cultural habits are accurately expressed. The so-called "people have their own temperament. ..... everyone has his own voice. " For example, when Li Kui jy first met Song Jiang, he asked Mr. Dai, "Brother, who is this man in black?" Dai Zong accused him of rudeness, but he refused. When Mr. Dai introduced the situation to him, he also said, "It's raining in Shandong!" He says what he thinks in his heart. He's a clown. When he sees people who don't know manners and social intercourse, he is not bound by etiquette. As soon as he went to Liangshan, he boasted: "If he rebelled, he was afraid that somehow, Brother Chao Gai would become the Emperor of the Song Dynasty, and Brother Song Jiang would become the Emperor of the Song Dynasty ... and kill Tokyo and seize the bird seat." Only Li Kui jy can say such words as Emperor Da Song and Emperor Xiao Song, which is a highly personalized language. Others, such as Ruan's frankness, Wu Yong's resourcefulness and Song Jiang's humble servant, were all heard through their conversations. Mr. Lu Xun once pointed out: "There are some places in the Water Margin and a Dream of Red Mansions that enable readers to see people from their speeches."