Origin of the Surname Xia

Xia: In ancient times, Dayu was so successful and respected that Emperor Shun gave the throne to him. Yu later gave the throne to his son. Yu's son was named Qi, who founded the Xia Dynasty. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Yu's king, Donglou Gong, was sealed in Qiyi. Some of the royal families who were not sealed took the Xia character of Xia Dynasty as their surname and passed it down from generation to generation. There is another Xia surname, which is a descendant of a duke named Zixia of the state of Chen in the Spring and Autumn Period, and Zixia's grandson was named Xia Zhengshu. The ancestors of the Xia family name are also as follows: [Xia Wu and] the doctor of Emperor Qin Shi Huang, when someone wanted to assassinate Emperor Qin, Xia Wu and stood up to protect him and made a merit. Xia Tong] was a man from the Jin Dynasty who was poor since he was a child, but he was filial to his elders. He looked down on officials and the singers around them. [Xia Yin] Ming Dynasty scholar, he said a lifetime of people do not read a pity. It is a pity to be idle, and it is even more of a pity to be corrupted.

One, there are three sources

1, from Si surname. According to legend, when Emperor Yao was a father, Jiu Ji, the wife of Yuxin's daughter, was born as Yu because she ate Job's tears in her dream, so Emperor Yao gave Yu the surname of Gui. Later, Yu cured the floods, guided the people to build ditches and develop agriculture, and led the army to pacify the Three Miao Rebellion, so that the people could live and work in peace and happiness. In recognition of his great achievements, Shun Feng Feng (east of present-day Dengfeng County, Henan Province) placed him in Xia (present-day Dengfeng County, Henan Province), and later passed on the throne to him. After Xia Yu's death, his son Qi succeeded him and established the Xia Dynasty, the first slave state in Chinese history. Xia was established for more than 400 years and *** passed on for 13 generations with 16 kings. Later, because of the Xia Emperor Jie tyrannical and overthrown by the Shang Tang, the Xia royal family will have the country for the clan, known as the Xia. 2, from Si surname. In the 11th century B.C., at the beginning of the Zhou Dynasty, the feudal lords were divided, and Donglou Gong, a descendant of Xia Yu, was sealed in Qiji (now Qixian County, Henan Province) as Marquis of Qiji. At the time of Duke Jian, he was destroyed by the state of Chu. Duke Jian's brother, Tuo (originally surnamed Gui), ran away to the state of Lu, and Duke Lu, as he was a descendant of Xia Yu, gave him the title of Marquis of Xia, and called him Xia Hou (a compound surname), and his descendants took Xia as their family name, and were called the Xia Clan. 3、From the surname of Gui, which was derived from the name of the king's father. In the early years of the Western Zhou Dynasty, King Wu conferred the title of Gui Man on Chen after Emperor Shun, and established the State of Chen, with its capital at Wanqiu, in order to worship the Emperor Shun's ancestors. He was called Hu Gong Man and Chen Hu Gong. In the Spring and Autumn Period, when the 16th ruler, Duke Xuan of Chen, had a concubine son named Zixi, with the character Zixia. His grandson Zhengshu took the name of the king's father (grandfather) as his clan, and was called Xia Zhengshu, and the Xia clan followed.

Second, migration distribution

The Xia Clan, because of the early acquisition of the family name, with the constant change of the times, the diaspora is particularly widespread. Generally speaking, before the Qin Dynasty and Qin Dynasty, the Xia family name mainly in the Central Plains, and moved to Shaanxi, Shandong, Anhui, Shanxi, Hebei and other places. For example, Xia Zhengshu passed down to the 4th grandson Xia Dufu served as a doctor in Chen (now Henan), and his grandson Xia Yukou served as a doctor in Qi (now eastern Shandong). Qin Shi Huang You imperial physician Xia Wu and (roughly from Shaanxi Xia). At the time of the Qin and Han dynasties, there is a generation (today's northwestern Hebei, central and northern Shanxi and other places) phase Xia said; Anhui Xia from with the king Jie fled to the South Nest part of the descendants of the Xia royal family. Before the Wei Jin and North and South Dynasties, the Xia surname is still mainly active in the northern part of China, especially in the Central Plains. Summer south began in the Han Dynasty, such as the Western Han Dynasty, there is Xia Huang Gong, Yin (now Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province); East Han Dynasty, there is Xia Fang, Jiujiang (now in Jiangxi). Large southward migration for the time of the Wei and Jin dynasties, after a long period of reproduction, making the distribution center of the Xia family name, moved to the south of the Yangtze River area. After the Tang and Song dynasties, the Xia family name is mainly in the vast area of Jiangnan for its reproduction, widely distributed in today's Anhui, Zhejiang, Hunan, Hubei, Jiangsu, Fujian, and Guangdong, Guangxi and other provinces, especially in the distribution of Zhejiang is the most centralized, so that the Xia family name eventually became a more typical northern family name in China.

Three, the county hall

Tang "Ping Shui Tang": Xia Yu 13 years outside the water, three times over the door and not enter, the flood was finally cured, Shun gave him the throne. The Xia family name is also known as "Huiji". County Prestige Huiji County: In the 25th year of Emperor Qin Shi Huang (222 BC), the county was established in Wu and Yue, with its seat in Wu County (present-day Suzhou City, Jiangsu Province). During the Western Han Dynasty, it was located south of the Yangtze River and east of Maoshan Mountain in present-day Jiangsu Province, as well as most of Zhejiang Province (with the exception of Tianmu Mountain and a small part of the area west of Chun'an County) and the whole of Fujian Province. This branch of the Xia Clan, for the Western Jin Dynasty high priest Xia Tong's family is located. Qiao County: At the end of Jian'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Qiao County was set up as part of Pei County, with its seat in Qiao County (now Huxian County in Anhui Province). Gao Yang County: The county was established by Emperor Huan of the Eastern Han Dynasty, with its seat in Gao Yang (present-day Gao Yang County, Hebei Province). In the beginning of the Jin Dynasty, Gao Yang County was established, with its seat in Bolu (now south of Li County, Hebei Province). The Northern Wei Dynasty changed it to a county and moved its seat to Gaoyang. Lu County: At the beginning of the Western Han Dynasty, Xue County was changed to Lu County, with its seat in Lu County (present-day Qufu, Shandong Province).

Fourth, historical celebrities

Xia Chang: a famous painter in the Ming Dynasty. He is not only good at painting, but also good book can poetry; its poetry is beautiful, the book is regular, its painting is good at writing bamboo and stone, at that time pushed as the first, there is a rumor that "zhong zhao a bamboo, jiangnan ten ingots of gold". After the Song Dynasty, it was the most glorious period for the Xia surname in the field of literature. Xia Gui: an outstanding painter of the Southern Song Dynasty. In his early years, he worked on figure painting, and later became famous for landscape painting. Later, he became famous for his landscape paintings. He was known as "Ma Xia" at the same time as Ma Yuan. His style of painting was free and unrestrained, combining the painting methods of Li Tang, Fan Kuan and Mi Fu, and he used bald brushes with water to make big axe chops, and his compositions were mostly made for half or a corner of the scene, which was then called "summer half side". Xiahou Xuan: Minister of Wei during the Three Kingdoms period. He was one of the founders of metaphysics and was known as one of the "Four Congs". Xia Yuanji: Minister of the Ming Dynasty, for the Yongle, Hongxi, Xuande three dynasties of the Ministry of Revenue, presided over the financial 27 years, the support should be correct, in the detailed determination of servitude, clearing the barn field, wide Tuen planting, repairing water conservancy and other aspects of the political achievements. Xia Gong: A highly respected scholar during the reign of Emperor Guangwu of the Eastern Han Dynasty. According to historical records, Xia Gong was the most prestigious professor of Yixue at that time, having taught more than 100 students and pupils, which can be said to be full of plums. Xia Wugang: The doctor who served Jing Ke when he was trying to assassinate the King of Qin, he was famous for "catching Jing Ke with a medicine bag", which was published in the "Biography of Assassins" in the Records of the Grand Historian (史记). Xia Yu (夏 育), a famous warrior of Wei, was said to have lifted a thousand pounds and pulled the tail of an ox.

Xia, as the name suggests, is a descendant of Xia Yu; Xia Hou, as history shows, is also a descendant of this ancient sage. The two surnames, one single and one double, are in fact an indistinguishable family.

The Surname Codification records say, "After Xia Hou's, the country is the last name."

The Genealogy of Surnames says, "Xiahou, a compound surname, was originally Si, a descendant of Xia Yu. King Wu of Zhou was established, and sealed the summer descendants in the ritual; after the ritual for the Chu destroyed, Duke Jane's brother Tuo ran to Lu, Duke Lu M悼公以佗为夏后，爵为侯，因以夏侯为氏".

Tang Shu Zaizi lineage table also pointed out that: "from the Si surname, Xia Yu descendants of the grandson of Donglou Gong Feng as Qi Hou, to Jane Gong, for the Chu destroyed, his brother Tuo ran to Lu, Lu M悼公以其夏禹之后，给以采地为侯，因以为氏焉，后去鲁之沛，分沛为谯，so for the county people."

These two records clearly point out that the Xiahou family is divided from the early Zhou Dynasty "to serve the summer sacrifices" of the Qi state, and the Xia family name and Qi's friendship with the brotherhood, all are Xia Yu's descendants, then the Xiahou and Xia's lineage of kinship with the source, can be said to be a clear, clear, clear, clear, clear, clear, clear. The only difference is that Xia's family name was given earlier, and Xiahou's family name was given a little later.

Over the past two to three thousand years, the Xia clan's history is quite a lot of celebrities, their outstanding performance, is indeed worthy of the descendants of Yu, so that the reputation enjoyed by this big family has never ceased to exist, but also for a Chinese history, the more light.

Summer's fame as early as the pre-Qin period, at that time, the State of Wei had a famous Hercules Xia Yu, it is said that he lifted a thousand pounds, can pull the tail of the ox! In addition, at the time of Jing Ke's assassination of the King of Qin, there was also a doctor named Xia Wu and, because of "lifting Jing Ke with a medicine bag", was famous in the "Biography of the Assassin" of the "Records of the Grand Historian". According to the book, after saving his life, Emperor Qin Shi Huang rewarded him with two hundred taels of gold.

After the Han Dynasty, Xia's performance was even more outstanding. For example, Xia Gong, who was born during the reign of Emperor Guangwu, was a famous and highly respected scholar. According to historical records, Xia Gong was one of the most prestigious professors of Yijing at that time, who once taught more than a thousand students and pupils, and his reputation spread all over the world.