Li traditional dress

What are the characteristics of Li nationality? Although Li nationality has no mother tongue, it has created rich and colorful oral literature. Its form is lively, with a wide range of subjects and rich content, which has been passed down from generation to generation. It mainly includes stories, legends, myths, fairy tales, religious genealogy and so on. The more famous ones are The Origin of Man Gong, The Great Fairy of Wuzhishan, The Legend of Flood, The Dry Palace Bird, The Deer Turn Back and so on. It not only reflects the social history, summarizes the life experience, spreads all aspects of knowledge, enriches people's spiritual life, but also entrusts the good hopes and pursuits of the Li people.

Lizu musical instrument

Li musical instrument originated from life.

Traditional musical instruments of Li nationality are closely related to life. According to the data, the earliest musical instrument was the wooden drum. According to the ancient folk songs of the Li nationality, in ancient times, because Lei Gong cut down the big trees and burned them into holes, the ancestors of the Li nationality made wooden holes to attract people to hunt. Later, people covered the big hole with cowhide or deerskin and tapped it to make it sound, so as to recruit people, sacrifice and use musical instruments.

Ding Dong Mu is also an early percussion instrument. In ancient times, Li people cut down mountains to plant orchids, and mountain pigs often came out at night to spoil orchids. In order to protect Shanlan rice, Shanlan watchers hung two wooden poles in the hut on the mountain, and after hitting them, they tinkled away the wild pigs, which later developed into percussion instruments for dance and entertainment.

Li nationality has eight musical instruments.

Li traditional musical instruments are recorded sporadically in history books. In the early Song Dynasty, Taiping Yuhuan Ji said, "Qiongzhou gathers drums and songs." According to the legend of old artists, the traditional musical instruments of the Li nationality were the most popular during the reign of Qing Kang Gan.

Li people say: the song never stops, and the flute never stops. This proverb reflects that Li folk musical instruments have a long history as folk songs.

According to Fu Cechao, president of the Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage Research Association, there are at least 40 kinds of Li musical instruments, and the traditional musical instruments mainly include 8 kinds, such as wooden drum, jingle wood, mouth bow, Maitreya, beep, mouth worship, nose flute and burning stick.

Wang Haichang, deputy director of the Provincial Intangible Cultural Heritage Protection Center, has been deeply studying Li's musical instruments. He said: "Li's traditional musical instrument is made of all kinds of bamboo skins and animal skins in nature by hand, which exudes the life breath of primitive society." Li musical instruments are a vivid manifestation of people's respect for nature and a legacy of original ecological music. "

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The appearance of Li people is 20 points. At present, only some people keep the traditional costumes and tools of production and life of the Li nationality. Cotton and linen products include men's and women's tops, women's skirts, headscarves, kapok fabrics, linen fabrics, linen quilts, sacks and so on. Li women's clothing mainly includes tops, skirts and headscarves. Li's blouse is 6 1 cm long and 55 cm around the waist. Linen is 3.08m long and 25cm wide, and kapok is 4m long and17cm wide. Linen blouse is gray, copper pattern, black and light green, 76 cm long, 57 cm waist, and sleeve length 1 15 cm. The earliest ornaments include copper earrings, silver earrings, silver collars, copper bells, silver bracelets, silver robe buttons, silver rings and so on. Tools for production and daily life include wood, bamboo and rattan products, brocade tools, single wood, hat weaving and pressing tools, spinning tools, garden flat harrows, rattan baskets, single wooden benches, fishing tools, hunting tools, baskets, hats, single wooden cowbells, men's and women's knife baskets, ceramics, pottery pots and so on. Barnacle dome, brown, height 16 cm, diameter 10 cm, bottom diameter 12 cm. Fishing tools are made of hemp, with a diameter of 58 cm. These ceramics are made and fired by the Li people themselves. They are brown and have a completely flat surface. There are 7 breast enhancement needles on the shoulder, with a diameter of 23 cm, a height of 38 cm and a base diameter of 22 cm.

Women's shirts, skirts, cotton fabrics, linen fabrics, headscarves, belts, ribbons, etc. Chinese characters are embroidered on both sides of the scarf, and the scarf is 155cm long and 23.5cm wide. The style of Li's blouse is long at the front hem and short at the back hem, with embroidery patterns on both sides of the chest, with a length of 55cm, a waist of 40cm, a sleeve length of 106cm, a tube skirt of 50cm, a waist of 38cm and a cotton ribbon of 4m and 20cm. This ribbon was used by Li people to wrap around the bed when they got married. Clothing styles are characterized by diversity. The earliest ornaments include copper earrings, lead bracelets, silver buttons, beads, ear bells, anklets, necklaces, hair accessories and so on. Copper earrings have a curved buckle at the top and a curved hook at the bottom, which is orange. Lead bracelet: the bracelet body is forged into a circle of lead pieces, which are smooth inside, and the two protruding lead pieces are bent into hooks outside, with rope patterns and chord patterns on the surface. Production and living tools include rattan boxes, vines, bamboo hats, fish cages, exposed leaves, hunting tools, fishing tools and various wooden utensils.

Li traditional culture 10. Li nationality has not formed a unified religious belief. Ancestor worship is the main form in all regions, and there is also nature worship. There are still traces of clan totem worship in some areas. Li people believe in ghosts, especially those of their ancestors. Sacrificing ancestors is an important religious activity of Li people, in order to protect the safety of their families. In order to remember the great achievements of Li mother in the reproduction of Li nationality, Li people warned future generations that female embroidery and tattooing were the rules set by their ancestors. If women don't embroider tattoos, their ancestors won't recognize each other after they die-offering sacrifices to their ancestors.

Li nationality's clothing style is unique, and there is no season. Generally speaking, Li people wear linen clothes, without collars or buttons on their chests, with a long linen cloth hanging around their waist and red or black cloth wrapped around their heads, which is angular and discoid. Women usually wear double-breasted or partially-breasted shirts with straight collars or round necks. The edge of the shirt is embroidered with ornaments such as shells, copper coins and beads. Li women are used to wearing floral towels and skirts, and their hair is tied into a ball. Li women used to have the traditional habit of tattooing, but now it is rare. Plus insert a silver hairpin or a bone hairpin. On March 3 every year, Li people will put on their unique costumes to show their unique charm.

Li people have long known how to use kapok as textile raw materials. By the 5th century, the textile processing of the Li nationality had reached a fairly high level. Li Jin's color scheme is mainly black and brown, and blue, red, white, blue and yellow appear alternately. There are 120 patterns, including figures, animals, plants, landscapes and mascots. In addition to tube skirts, handicrafts made by Li Jin, such as flower patterns, wall hangings, flower ribbons and bags, are also very popular among the people.

What are the customs of the Li nationality? Li nationality is a nation that advocates etiquette, and etiquette plays an important role in Li society. Rites are rich in content and involve many aspects of production and life.

Banquet Etiquette Li people in Hainan Province have a set of food etiquette for their guests. When having a meal, give it to the male guests first, and then to the female guests. The host and the guest sat opposite each other. When inviting wine, the host first raises the wine bowl with both hands, indicating to the guests that he is inviting wine, and then drinks the wine himself. Then, rice wine was presented to the guests one by one. After the guests finish drinking, the host sends a bite of meat and vegetables to everyone's mouth to show respect. Usually, the host only drinks with the guests, but does not accompany them to eat, for fear that the guests are embarrassed to eat.

Reconciliation Etiquette In the Li nationality area of Hainan Province, there is a reconciliation etiquette, which is called "Richa" in Li language, which means "giving lust". If both warring parties want a truce, they will each send a widow to act as a mediator. At the same time, both sides also have a representative. The widow first put some copper coins into a basin of clear water, and the representatives of both sides took the copper coins out of the water and wiped their eyes. Then, take each other's money and throw it away. Finally, propose a toast to each other to show reconciliation.

Sowing etiquette Li people in Hainan usually plant early rice around the vernal equinox in February of the lunar calendar and late rice around beginning of autumn in July. Before transplanting rice seedlings in each season, Woodenhead should first pick shoots with green leaves and hang them at home. Then Wood's wife puts on new clothes and a new skirt. Early in the morning, she planted 100 seedlings in the field corner, with leaves and rattan leaves beside them, indicating that the rice soul had been taken. After that, ordinary women in the village can plant rice seedlings in the fields. On the first day of transplanting rice, Wood and his wife can't rest in bed during the day, and they can't talk when they meet others on the road. It is believed that staying in bed during the day will slow down the speed of women transplanting rice; Talking with outsiders will leak news and take away good luck, which is not conducive to rice growth.

Funeral etiquette in Hainan Li nationality, when the patient is dying, the family still has to feed water and rice to show filial piety. After the death of a loved one, a gun was fired to mourn, and relatives and friends discussed the funeral ceremony together. Relatives and neighbors in the village carry pigs and pick wine to help. Wash the dead and put on new clothes. You must wear them backwards. If the deceased is a woman, she should also put black ash on her face to show her diligence before her death, which will be welcomed in the underworld.

The custom of Li nationality is that it is unlucky not to make a coffin before death. After death, the two brothers went up the mountain to cut down trees to make coffins. According to Li's habit, coffins are divided into four classes. The first-class coffin is made of fine wood, such as litchi, black ink and mountain silk. The user's funeral is to kill cattle, and the other three are to kill pigs. The second kind is made of bark, the third kind is a bamboo coffin made of bamboo, and the fourth kind is an open bag cushion coffin.

Li people in Hainan hold folk ancestor worship activities on the 14th day of the seventh lunar month every year. On this day, every family kills chickens to buy meat, and cuts five-color paper into paper clothes to sacrifice to their ancestors. In the evening, every family put a few sticks of incense in front of the door by their children to pay homage to their ancestors who were not sacrificed.

Sacrificial ceremonies for rice, male rice and female rice. Every year, when the rice is ripe, Li people hold ceremonies to sacrifice rice, male rice and female rice. Starting from the "fear of elegance" (the person who takes the lead in ploughing), each field is tied with four grains of rice, symbolizing the rice man and the rice woman, and a small rice ball is placed on the table, begging the rice man and the rice woman to eat enough and take care of the rice on their behalf, so as to bless the bumper harvest and the safety of all villagers. Rice men and women are generally kept by Weiya and placed on the lower floor of the barn. After the harvest in the second year, they can make wine and give it to everyone.

Brief introduction of Li nationality's customs, gathering places and major festivals;

Banquet Etiquette Li people in Hainan Province have a set of food etiquette for their guests. When having a meal, give it to the male guests first, and then to the female guests. The host and the guest sat opposite each other. When inviting wine, the host first raises the wine bowl with both hands, indicating to the guests that he is inviting wine, and then drinks the wine himself. Then, the valve rice wine was presented to the guests one by one. After the guests finished drinking, the host gave everyone a bite of meat and vegetables as a sign of respect. Usually, the host only drinks with the guests, but does not accompany them to eat, for fear that the guests are embarrassed to eat.

Reconciliation Etiquette In the Li nationality area of Hainan Province, there is a reconciliation etiquette, which is called "Richa" in Li language, which means "to give a good face". If both warring parties want a truce, they will each send a widow to act as a mediator. At the same time, both sides also have a representative. The widow first put some copper coins into a basin of clear water, and the representatives of both sides took the copper coins out of the water and wiped their eyes. Then, take each other's money and throw it away. Finally, propose a toast to each other to show reconciliation.

Sowing etiquette Li people in Hainan usually plant early rice around the vernal equinox in February of the lunar calendar and late rice around beginning of autumn in July. Before transplanting rice seedlings in each season, Woodenhead should first pick shoots with green leaves and hang them at home. Then Wood's wife puts on new clothes and a new skirt. Early in the morning, she planted 100 seedlings in the field corner, with leaves and rattan leaves beside them, indicating that the rice soul had been taken. After that, ordinary women in the village can plant rice seedlings in the fields. On the first day of transplanting rice, Wood and his wife can't rest in bed during the day, and they can't talk when they meet others on the road. It is believed that staying in bed during the day will slow down the speed of women transplanting rice; Talking with outsiders will leak news and take away good luck, which is not conducive to rice growth.

Funeral etiquette in Hainan Li nationality, when the patient is dying, the family still has to feed water and rice to show filial piety. After the death of a loved one, a gun was fired to mourn, and relatives and friends discussed the funeral ceremony together. Relatives and neighbors in the village carry pigs and pick wine to help. Wash the dead and put on new clothes. You must wear them backwards. If the deceased is a woman, she should also put black ash on her face to show her diligence before her death, which will be welcomed in the underworld.

The custom of Li nationality is that it is unlucky not to make a coffin before death. After death, the two brothers went up the mountain to cut down trees to make coffins. According to Li's habit, coffins are divided into four classes. The first-class coffin is made of fine wood, such as litchi, black ink and mountain silk. The user's funeral is to kill cattle, and the other three are to kill pigs. The second kind is made of bark, the third kind is a bamboo coffin made of bamboo, and the fourth kind is an open bag cushion coffin.

Li people in Hainan hold folk ancestor worship activities on the 14th day of the seventh lunar month every year. On this day, every family kills chickens to buy meat, and cuts five-color paper into paper clothes to sacrifice to their ancestors. In the evening, every family put a few sticks of incense in front of the door by their children to pay homage to their ancestors who were not sacrificed.

Sacrificial ceremonies for rice, male rice and female rice. Every year, when the rice is ripe, Li people hold ceremonies to sacrifice rice, male rice and female rice. Starting from the "fear of elegance" (the person who takes the lead in ploughing), each field is tied with four grains of rice, symbolizing the rice man and the rice woman, and a small rice ball is placed on the table, begging the rice man and the rice woman to eat enough and take care of the rice on their behalf, so as to bless the bumper harvest and the safety of all villagers. Rice men and women are generally kept by Weiya and placed on the lower floor of the barn. After the harvest in the second year, they can make wine and give it to everyone.

Li people mainly live in seven counties and two cities, such as Qiongzhong County, Baisha County, Changjiang County, Dongfang City, Ledong County, Lingshui County, Baoting County, Wuzhishan City and Sanya City, in the south-central part of Hainan Province, and the rest are scattered in Wanning, Tunchang, Qionghai, Chengmai, Danzhou and Ding 'an cities and counties in Hainan Province.

Introduction of major festivals: March 3rd (the third day of the third lunar month) is the largest traditional folk festival of Li nationality in Hainan province, and it is also a beautiful day for Li youth. Also known as love story and love story day, it is called "Fu Nian Fu" in Li language. It is held on the third day of the third lunar month every year. It is a traditional festival for the Li people in Hainan to mourn their hardworking and brave ancestors and express their yearning for love and happiness.

We want to make Li costumes and give them a nice name: 100 Chinese school, Chinese school.

Are Li and Miao ethnic groups the same? If it hadn't been earlier! Want to know about them? Please! They're not family. Li nationality is one of the Lingnan nationalities in China. They are mainly distributed in seven counties and two cities in south-central Hainan Province, including Qiongzhong County, Baisha County, Changjiang County, Dongfang City, Ledong County, Lingshui County, Baoting County, Tongshi City and Sanya City, and the rest are scattered in Wanning, Tunchang, Qionghai, Chengmai, Dan County and Ding 'an County of Hainan Province. Because of the differences in distribution areas, dialects and costumes, they call themselves "companions", "Qi", "Mobil" and "local". According to the statistics of the fifth national census in 2000, the population of Li nationality is 12478 14. Mainly based on agriculture, women are good at textiles, and "Li Jin" and "Li Dan" are famous all over the world. The use of Li language belongs to the Li branch of Zhuang and Dong language family of Sino-Tibetan language family, and there are different dialects in different regions. There are also many people who speak Chinese at the same time. 1957, the case of the Latin alphabet was created.

Li nationality originated from a branch of ancient Baiyue. Luo Yue, Li and Man were used in the Western Han Dynasty, slang and Liao were used in the Eastern Han Dynasty, and some ethnic minorities in the South were used in the Sui and Tang Dynasties. The ancestors of Li nationality in Hainan Island are also included in these general terms. The proper name of "Li" began in the late Tang Dynasty and was not fixed until the Song Dynasty, and it is still in use today.

Although Li nationality has no mother tongue, it has created rich and colorful oral literature. Its form is lively, with a wide range of subjects and rich content, which has been passed down from generation to generation. It mainly includes stories, legends, myths, fairy tales, religious genealogy and so on. The more famous ones are The Origin of Man Gong, The Great Fairy of Wuzhishan, The Legend of Flood, The Dry Palace Bird, The Deer Turn Back and so on. It not only reflects the social history, summarizes the life experience, spreads all aspects of knowledge, enriches people's spiritual life, but also entrusts the good hopes and pursuits of the Li people.

Li people are good at singing and dancing, and their music and dance have a distinct national style. Folk music has its own traditional musical instruments: nose flute, oral bow, jingle board, wooden drum, frog gong and so on. There are mainly two kinds of folk songs: one is called "China Ci" with Hainanese as lyrics and the rhythm of Li folk songs as aria; One is to use Li language as lyrics, which is called "Li tune". The content is diverse, including labor songs, life songs, love songs, carols, ritual songs, narrative songs, miscellaneous songs and so on. The singer improvised lyrics and sang heart songs, which was fascinating. There are different forms such as solo, duet, rap, chorus and lead singer. Melody The melody in different areas is slightly different.

Where there is a song, there is a dance. Li people are not only good at singing, but also love dancing. Their dance comes from production and life, and from the worship of their ancestors. The content mainly includes production dance, life dance and religious ceremony dance. The more famous dances are "auspicious dance", "firewood dance" (bamboo dance) and cooking dance. When dancing, singing, percussion and shouting are often combined, and the scene is cheerful.

The plastic arts of the Li nationality are most famous for their brocade techniques. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the textile technology of the Li nationality was more advanced than that of the Central Plains. Li Jin and Li Dan are famous all over the world. They use all kinds of textile tools, from cotton ginning, cotton elastic, spinning, dyeing, warping, weaving and embroidery, until they produce colorful brocade, quilts, quilts, skirts and ribbons. , and formed a set of systematic production technology. So far, the famous "Asian quilt" and "Shuang Mianxiu" are famous for their exquisite craftsmanship, gorgeous colors and rich characteristics. In addition, Li's unique wood production and bamboo and rattan weaving technology are also very famous.

At present, only some people keep the traditional costumes and tools of production and life of the Li nationality. Cotton and linen products include men's and women's tops, women's skirts, headscarves, kapok fabrics, linen fabrics, linen quilts, sacks and so on. Li women's clothing mainly includes tops, skirts and headscarves. Li's blouse is 6 1 cm long and 55 cm around the waist. Linen is 3.08m long and 25cm wide, and kapok is 4m long and17cm wide. Linen blouse is gray, copper pattern, black and light green, 76 cm long, 57 cm waist, and sleeve length 1 15 cm. The earliest ornaments include copper earrings, silver earrings, silver collars, copper bells, silver bracelets, silver robe buttons, silver rings and so on. Tools for production and daily life include wood, bamboo and rattan products, brocade tools, single wood, hat weaving and pressing tools, spinning tools, garden flat harrows, rattan baskets, single wooden benches, fishing tools, hunting tools, baskets, hats, single wooden cowbells, men's and women's knife baskets, ceramics, pottery pots and so on. Barnacle dome, brown, height 16 cm, diameter 10 cm, bottom diameter 12 cm. Fishing tools are made of hemp, with a diameter of 58 cm. These ceramics are made and fired by the Li people themselves. They are brown and have a completely flat surface. There are 7 breast enhancement needles on the shoulder, with a diameter of 23 cm, a height of 38 cm and a base diameter of 22 cm.

Blouses, skirts, cotton fabrics, linen fabrics, headscarves, belts and ribbons ... >>

What are the living habits of the Li nationality? Li nationality is a nation that advocates etiquette, and etiquette plays an important role in Li society. Rites are rich in content and involve many aspects of production and life.

1, banquet etiquette

Hainan Li nationality has a set of food etiquette for entertaining guests. When having a meal, give it to the male guests first, and then to the female guests. The host and the guest sat opposite each other. When inviting wine, the host first raises the wine bowl with both hands, indicating to the guests that he is inviting wine, and then drinks the wine himself. Then, rice wine was presented to the guests one by one. After the guests finish drinking, the host sends a bite of meat and vegetables to everyone's mouth to show respect. Usually, the host only drinks with the guests, but does not accompany them to eat, for fear that the guests are embarrassed to eat.

2. Reconciliation etiquette

In the Li nationality area of Hainan Province, there is a kind of reconciliation etiquette, which is called "Richa" in Li language, which means "to give a good face". If both warring parties want a truce, they will each send a widow to act as a mediator. At the same time, both sides also have a representative. The widow first put some copper coins into a basin of clear water, and the representatives of both sides took the copper coins out of the water and wiped their eyes. Then, take each other's money and throw it away. Finally, propose a toast to each other to show reconciliation.

3, sowing etiquette

Li people in Hainan usually plant early rice around the vernal equinox in February and late rice around beginning of autumn in July. Before transplanting rice seedlings in each season, Woodenhead should first pick shoots with green leaves and hang them at home. Then Wood's wife puts on new clothes and a new skirt. Early in the morning, she planted 100 seedlings in the field corner, with leaves and rattan leaves beside them, indicating that the rice soul had been taken. After that, ordinary women in the village can plant rice seedlings in the fields. On the first day of transplanting rice, Wood and his wife can't rest in bed during the day, and they can't talk when they meet others on the road. It is believed that staying in bed during the day will slow down the speed of women transplanting rice; Talking with outsiders will leak news and take away good luck, which is not conducive to rice growth.

4. Funeral etiquette

In Hainan Li nationality, when the patient is dying, his family still has to feed him with water to show filial piety. After the death of a loved one, a gun was fired to mourn, and relatives and friends discussed the funeral ceremony together. Relatives and neighbors in the village carry pigs and pick wine to help. Wash the dead and put on new clothes. You must wear them backwards. If the deceased is a woman, she should also put black ash on her face to show her diligence before her death, which will be welcomed in the underworld.

The custom of Li nationality is that it is unlucky not to make a coffin before death. After death, the two brothers went up the mountain to cut down trees to make coffins. According to Li's habit, coffins are divided into four classes. The first-class coffin is made of fine wood, such as litchi, black ink and mountain silk. The user's funeral is to kill cattle, and the other three are to kill pigs. The second kind is made of bark, the third kind is a bamboo coffin made of bamboo, and the fourth kind is an open bag cushion coffin.

5. Ritual etiquette

Li people in Hainan hold folk ancestor worship activities on the 14th day of the seventh lunar month every year. On this day, every family kills chickens to buy meat, and cuts five-color paper into paper clothes to sacrifice to their ancestors. In the evening, every family put a few sticks of incense in front of the door by their children to pay homage to their ancestors who were not sacrificed.

Sacrificial ceremonies for rice, male rice and female rice. Every year, when the rice is ripe, Li people hold ceremonies to sacrifice rice, male rice and female rice. Starting from the "fear of elegance" (the person who takes the lead in ploughing), each field is tied with four grains of rice, symbolizing the rice man and the rice woman, and a small rice ball is placed on the table, begging the rice man and the rice woman to eat enough and take care of the rice on their behalf, so as to bless the bumper harvest and the safety of all villagers. Rice men and women are generally kept by Weiya and placed on the lower floor of the barn. After the harvest in the second year, they can make wine and give it to everyone.