The longest canal in the world-the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal?

Canal is an artificial waterway used to communicate water transport between regions or waters, and is usually connected with natural wa

The longest canal in the world-the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal?

Canal is an artificial waterway used to communicate water transport between regions or waters, and is usually connected with natural waterways or other canals. Besides shipping, canals can also be used for irrigation, flood diversion, drainage and water supply. What is the longest canal in the world? The following is the longest canal in the world that I organized. Welcome to reading.

The longest canal in the world: the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, and China is also the longest ancient canal in the world. From Beijing in the north to Hangzhou in the south, it flows through Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, connecting five major water systems, namely Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River, with a total length of 1794 km. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has promoted the economic and cultural development and exchanges between the north and the south of China, especially the development of industrial and agricultural economy and the rise of towns along the route. 2065438+On June 22, 2004, the 38th World Heritage Conference held in Doha officially passed the application for applying for the "Grand Canal" submitted by China, and the "Grand Canal" was officially listed as a cultural heritage in the World Heritage List.

Basic information

Chinese name

Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal

Foreign name

Grand C ***

Another name

Grand Canal

starting point

Tongzhou District, Beijing

destination

Hangzhou (city)

systemic

1794 km * * 1, 1 15 miles * * *

Basic introduction

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, with a total length of 1 794 km, was built in 486 BC. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, the State of Wu fought for the hegemony of the Central Plains for the Northern Expedition of Qi, and dug a canal near Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province to bring the water from the Yangtze River to the Huaihe River. On this basis, it continued to develop and extend from north to south, especially after the second large-scale expansion and transformation in Sui and Yuan Dynasties, and basically completed the scale of today's Beijing-Hangzhou Canal.

Many sections of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal use the original natural rivers and lakes, and some sections are artificially excavated. The canal water flow is mainly replenished by connected natural rivers. Yang Di * * * Yang Guang * * *, it is said that Yang Di dug a canal from the Jinghuai section to the south of the Yangtze River, with a total length of more than 2,000 kilometers, in order to see the Qionghua in Yangzhou and the transportation of southern grain to the north. In the Yuan Dynasty, most of the capital of the Yuan Dynasty was * * * now Beijing * * *, and canals had to be dug to transport grain from the south to the north. For this reason, three sections of rivers have been dug successively, and the horizontal canal of the Sui Dynasty with Luoyang as the center has been built into a vertical grand canal with Dadu as the center and Hangzhou as the south.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is the longest man-made canal in the world, 16 times that of the Suez Canal, and it is an important north-south waterway in China. It is responsible for the transportation and exchange of a large number of materials between the North and the South, and has also contributed to the political, economic and cultural development of China. Due to disrepair, the current navigation mileage of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is 1442 km, including Zhuojun in the north to Beijing and Hangzhou in the south, connecting five major rivers, namely Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River. It runs through Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei, Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and other provinces and cities, connecting five major water systems: Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River. The annual navigation mileage is 877 kilometers, mainly distributed in Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and south of the Yellow River. [3]

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is one of the richest agricultural areas in China with developed economy. There are large and medium-sized coal mines in Yanzhou, Jining, Zaozhuang, Tengzhou, Fengxian, Peixian, Xuzhou, Pizhou and Huaibei, connecting industrial cities such as Shanghai, Nanjing, Xuzhou, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou and Hangzhou. In order to make the "golden waterway" produce "golden" benefits, Shandong, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces have renovated, expanded and channelized various sections of the Grand Canal, which has rejuvenated the Millennium Grand Canal and made it the second "golden waterway" in China after the Yangtze River. The main ports along the canal are Jining, Xuzhou, Pizhou, Huaiyin, Huai 'an, Baoying, Gaoyou, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi, Suzhou, Wujiang and Hangzhou. Jining section * * * Shandong Jining-Jiangsu Xuzhou Linjiaba * *, with a total length of about 130 km. The main channel of Jining section will be upgraded from the sixth channel standard to the third channel standard, and the bottom width will be widened from the current 16 meters to 50 meters, and the water depth will reach 3 meters. By then, 1000-ton ships can reach Jining directly from the Yangtze River, with an annual throughput of 25 million tons, and the port handling capacity will be increased by13.5 million tons, which is equivalent to building a new "beijing-shanghai railway".

In Jiangsu province

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal in Jiangsu is 628 kilometers long. The canals in northern and southern Jiangsu have been renovated and expanded. Two second-line shiplocks (Jianbi and Jietai) and three third-line shiplocks (Huaiyin, Huai 'an and Suqian) of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal were expanded, which eliminated the "bottleneck" restriction of the Jiangsu section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, realized the smooth flow of the entire line of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal in southern and northern Jiangsu, and provided a north-south rapid traffic artery for Jiangsu and eastern China.

Subei Canal * * * Xuzhou Linjiaba-Huaiyin-Yangzhou Liuweikou * * *, with a total length of 404 kilometers, crosses Xuzhou, Pizhou, Suqian, Huaiyin, Yangzhou and other counties and cities 1 1, and connects Weishan Lake, Roman Lake, Hongze Lake, gaoyou lake and other water systems. It is the busiest section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. Basically, the second-class waterway has been built, becoming the highest-ranking waterway on the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal, which can handle 2000-ton ships all the year round. At present, there are ships sailing in more than ten provinces and cities such as Jiangsu, Shandong, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Hunan and Henan, and the annual freight volume can reach more than 300 million tons. The maximum throughput of Xuzhou section reaches 55 million tons of ship tonnage, of which the cargo throughput reaches 35 million tons. The Sunan Canal * * * Zhenjiang Jianbi-Changzhou-Nanxun * * *, with a total length of 224 kilometers, runs through the most economically developed counties and cities in Jiangsu, such as Changzhou, Zhenjiang, Wuxi and Suzhou, communicates with the Yangtze River and Taihu Lake systems, and is connected with inter-provincial rivers in surrounding areas such as Shanghai and Zhejiang. At present, ships from Jiangsu, Shandong, Anhui, Shanghai, Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and other provinces and cities are sailing on this section of the canal. All navigation channels have reached the fourth-class standard and can be used for navigation of 500-ton fleet. At present, the annual freight volume has exceeded 654.38 billion tons, exceeding the traffic volume of Jiangsu Yangtze River Channel and equivalent to three times that of Shanghai-Nanjing Railway. The density of sailboats exceeds that of the Rhine River in Germany, and it is one of the sections with the largest traffic volume and the highest density on the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal. The daily average throughput of the newly-built Jianbi Shiplock is over 654.38+10,000 tons. Zhejiang section * * * Nanxun-Hangzhou * * *, with a total length of 120 kilometers, connects Taihu Lake water system and Qiantang River water system, and is divided into three lines: east, middle and west. Generally, the eastern line represents the location of the canal, and the river channel is narrow and curved, and motor boats can pass through it all the year round. At present, it can handle ships of 300 tons. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal extends to Ningbo Port in the east of Zhejiang Province, which will bring opportunities for the development of inland container transportation and even the prosperity of inland shipping in China. The planned Hangzhou-Ningbo Canal is more than 240 kilometers long. Located on the south bank of Hangzhou Bay, it runs through Qiantang River, Cao 'e River and Yongjiang River. The whole line is designed according to the standard of Grade 4-5 waterway, with an annual throughput of 40 million tons. It has become the golden waterway for transporting coal from north to south and the artery for transferring water from south to north. It also greatly improved and promoted the development of farmland water conservancy along the river, and played a very important role in ensuring stable and high yield of agriculture, with obvious comprehensive utilization benefits.

Urban areas along the way

The Grand Canal flows through Tongzhou District of Beijing, wuqing district of Tianjin, Langfang, Cangzhou, Hengshui and Xingtai of Hebei, Dezhou, Tai 'an, Liaocheng, Jining and Zaozhuang of Shandong, Xuzhou, Suqian, Huai 'an, Yangzhou, Zhenjiang, Changzhou, Wuxi and Suzhou of Jiangsu, Jiaxing, Huzhou and Hangzhou of Zhejiang.

State function

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal has played a great role in the economic and cultural development and exchanges between the northern and southern regions of China, especially in the development of industrial and agricultural economy along the route. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is also one of the oldest canals. It, together with the Great Wall of Wan Li and Karez, is known as the three ancient projects in China, and it is world-famous. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is a great project created by the working people in ancient China, a precious material and spiritual wealth left by our ancestors, and an important living and flowing human heritage. The Grand Canal originated in the Spring and Autumn Period, formed in the Sui Dynasty, developed in the Tang and Song Dynasties, and finally became the main waterway connecting the five major water systems of Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River in the Yuan Dynasty.

In the historical process of more than 2,000 years, the Grand Canal has made important contributions to China's economic development, national unity, social progress and cultural prosperity, and it is still playing a huge role. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal shows the outstanding achievements of China's ancient water conservancy and shipping engineering technology, which is ahead of the world. It has left a rich historical and cultural heritage, nurtured famous cities and towns like bright pearls, accumulated a profound and long-standing cultural heritage, and condensed huge information in China's political, economic, cultural and social fields. Both the Grand Canal and the Great Wall are symbols of the cultural status of the Chinese nation.

Significance of openness

1. Strengthen north-south traffic and exchanges and consolidate the central government's rule over the whole country.

2. Strengthen the economic construction in the south of the Yangtze River.

3. Cultural blending, the integration of Central Plains culture and southern culture.

4. Facilitate the transportation of grain from south to north.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal is a great project created by the working people in ancient China, a precious material and spiritual wealth left by our ancestors, and an important living and flowing human heritage. The Grand Canal originated in the Spring and Autumn Period, formed in the Sui Dynasty and developed in the Tang and Song Dynasties. The Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal was built in the Spring and Autumn Period more than 2,000 years ago, with a history of 2,500 years. An important river channel dug by Qin Shihuang * * * Ying Zheng * * in Jiaxing also laid the foundation for the future development of Jiangnan Canal. According to Yue Jue Shu, Qin Shihuang "ruled Lingshui Road from Jiaxing, crossed Qiantang River and crossed Zhejiang". About 2,500 years ago, Fu Cha, the king of Wu, dug a ditch, opened a canal connecting the Yangtze River and Huaihe River, and built Seoul, from which the canal and canal culture were derived.

The Grand Canal we are talking about today was dug in the Spring and Autumn Period, completed in the Sui Dynasty, flourished in the Tang and Song Dynasties, straightened out in the Yuan Dynasty and dredged in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. It was excavated in 486 BC and opened to traffic in 1293, lasting 1779. In the long years, it has experienced three major construction processes.

Especially in the Sui Dynasty, Emperor Yang Di used more than two million people to dig the Grand Canal, which made great contributions to the unprecedented economic and cultural prosperity of the country in the future! Although Yang Di was the king of national subjugation, his historical contribution is undeniable. Pi Rixiu, a poet in the Tang Dynasty, chanted in two poems in the first part of "Looking Back on the Past by the Bian River": Wan Dao and Sui died in this river, and it has been thousands of miles since then. If there is no water temple dragon boat, there are not many theories about * * *! "-it can be seen that the Grand Canal has a great influence on the economic traffic between the north and south of China in the future.

From then on, the Grand Canal began to run through the whole line in Sui Dynasty, and after continuous development in Tang and Song Dynasties, it finally became the traffic artery connecting Haihe River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River and Qiantang River in Yuan Dynasty.

The Beijing-Hangzhou Canal has always been the main canal for water transportation in past dynasties, and played an important role in the economic and cultural exchanges between the North and the South. /kloc-shipping rose in the 0/9th century. With the opening of the Jin-Pu Railway, the role of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal gradually decreased. After the migration of the Yellow River, the water resources in the reach of Shandong Province were in short supply, and the siltation was shallow, and the north-south navigation was cut off and silted up to the ground. The section of Jiangsu with large water volume and good navigation conditions can only sail in Xiao Mu. The abandonment and depression of the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal is a portrayal of the semi-colonial and semi-feudal social situation in China. After liberation, some river sections were widened and deepened, many modern docks and shiplocks were built, and shipping conditions were improved. Seasonal navigation mileage reaches 1 100 km or more. 660 kilometers south of Pixian County, Jiangsu Province, the 500-ton fleet can be unimpeded. The ancient Beijing-Hangzhou Canal will become a water conveyance channel for the future South-to-North Water Transfer Project.

Selected poems:

Praise of the Seven Wonders Canal

Li Yunzhong

China has dug and built many canals since ancient times, and has benefited from them today.

Sail the fleet from north to south, prosper the two sides and promote peace!