What are the different kinds of Chinese opera?

There are many different kinds of Chinese operatic art in China, some of which are said, some of which are rhymed, some of which are sung sitting down, some of which are sung standing up, some of which are half-said, half-sung, and some of which are sung and danced, and they are all different from each other. According to the characteristics of the script, the performance form and music, can be summarized into five categories of commentary, comedy, fast boards, drums and songs, rap and other big books. Commentary Shows Commentaries are characterized by only talking, not singing, by an actor to tell a story." Commentary" means commenting with comments. Li Yu said in "Idle Happenings" that the commentary is "the words of the street talk, things are taken to its straight description of the speech". Commentaries are generally told in Mandarin, but there are also local dialects, such as Sichuan commentary, Hubei commentary. Famous performing artist Lien Kuo Ru (1902-1971) said the book in heavy voice, said the table to do the work of their own style, in the evaluation of the unique insights, better than anyone else. He specialized in books such as "The Romance of the Eastern Han Dynasty" and "The Romance of the Three Kingdoms". During his lifetime, he often broadcast on the radio, the reputation of the Kyoto, there were "thousands of households to listen to the commentary, the net streets and alleys even broad as" praise. In recent years, Anshan City Opera Troupe middle-aged actor Liu Lanfang said the commentary "Yue Fei biography", passionate and sincere praise for the national hero Yue Fei, mercilessly scourged the treacherous Qin Hui and other scum, so that the old book said the new, the old book of new comments, love the audience of Xin love, hate the audience of hate, welcomed by hundreds of millions of listeners. An actor, a piece of wood, a fan, produced "all by a mouth, full of wind and thunder roar" of artistic charm. Comedy Comedy is developed from folk jokes, with a relaxed, lively, funny, funny, and through humor, witty language and performance, to increase the knowledge of the masses, to meet the requirements of the masses of cultural entertainment. The most common form is the single mouth of a person and the pair of mouths of A and B who are holding, joking and competing with each other. Groups of more than three people have rarely been performed. The one-man show (comic) in the south and the comic book in Sichuan belong to this category. Hou Baolin, the most famous comedian and performer, contributed a lot to the innovation and improvement of the art of comedy. He studied with famous comedians Zhu Kuoquan and Ou Degui in the 1930s, and made his debut in Beijing in 1939. Over the past forty years, he has learned from all schools of thought in speaking, learning, teasing and singing, and he is good at learning and singing Peking Opera and local operas; he strives to be vivid, graphic, concise and pure in his language; he advocates humor and witty, and opposes poor talk; and he strives to improve the tone of the art of comic comedy. His masterpieces include Drama Miscellany, Guan Gong Battles Qin Qiong, and Changing Careers. Hou Baolin retired from the stage in 1979, and is mainly engaged in the research work of comic art. Fast boards The fast boards include fast boards, counterpart fast boards (counting to the treasure), Shandong fast boards, Tianjin fast boards, bamboo boards, and other types of tunes. It is recited in rhyme by one or two actors, and accompanied by bamboo boards, jizi boards, and copper boards (yuanyang boards) during the performance. The original fast board is purely narrative, no storyline, dry board stacks of words, fast-paced. After adding storylines and characters, it was developed into quick-playing books. Shandong Quick Script evolved from Bamboo Quick Script, mainly telling the story of Wu Song. Gao Yuanjun, a famous performer of Shandong Fanshu, was on the verge of extinction in Jiangnan before the liberation. After joining the army at the beginning of the liberation period, he devoted himself to the innovation and popularization of the old and the new, with the help of the army's music and art workers, so as to make the fast book more popular among the soldiers and the masses of workers and peasants. Over the past thirty years, he and others have created a dozen new pieces such as "A Carload of High-beam Rice", organized a dozen traditional programs, and summed up the experience of creation and performance. the 400,000-word "Gao Yuanjun's Selection of Shandong Fushu", published in 1982, reflects the pioneering role played by this master of Fushu in reforming, innovating, popularizing, and improving the art of Fushu. Drum Songs Drum songs are more musical, with singing of lyrics as the main focus. Two-thirds of the songs belong to this category. To summarize, it can be divided into seven kinds: (1) Bouncing words Bouncing words are prevalent in the south of China. Generally sung by two people playing, one playing the three strings, one playing the pipa, talking and singing, known as the double block. There is also a person who plays and sings by himself. Suzhou play words and Yangzhou play words, the performance form is exactly the same, pay attention to "say gimmick play and sing". Before the opening of the book sung by the "book cap" called "opening". Suzhou play words in the creation of the cavity on a variety of schools, each with its own characteristics. Currently, the main schools are Jiang Yuequan's Jiang tune, Zhu Xueqin's Qin tune, Xu Lixian's Li tune, Hou Lijun's Hou tune, and Yang Zhenxiong's Yang tune. (2) Big Drums Big drums are popular in North China, Northeast China and other regions. It is usually accompanied by three strings and sung by actors playing drums. Some of them do not use musical instruments to accompany and only play drums to sing. It is a product of the Yellow River basin, prevalent in the late Qing Dynasty, from the development of folk songs and ditties to change. The earliest kind of northern drums is Plowshare Drum (i.e. Shandong Drum, Pear Blossom Drum), and its tunes are developed from a kind of folk songs combined with production and labor in the rural areas of Lubei, with strong local colors and simple and healthy local flavor. Why is it called "Big Drum"? There are several different ways of saying this. One says that the big drum was developed from the farmers' rice-planting songs, and the farmers sometimes beat the big drum to lead and send songs. Rice-planting drums were originally very large, and then refer to the flat drums used by monks and Taoist soil, and changed it into a small drum. It is said that, once upon a time, the drums were good at playing large books, such as "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", "Sui and Tang Dynasty", etc., so the large drums were called "big drums", or big drums for short. There is also a saying that the drum is to solicit the audience, to bring people together, that is, "playing the drums to say the book", after being blackmailed into the "big drum book". In short, no matter how to explain, drums are born and raised from the folk, there is no doubt about it. The country's more than 20 kinds of drums, more by geographical name. Such as West River drums, Shandong drums, Jingyun drums, Leiting drums, North Board drums, Jingdong drums, Fengtiao drums, as well as Pinggu, Tangshan, Nanyang, Shangdang, Northeast, Anhui, Hailuo, Hubei, Taiyuan, Guangxi, Changsha, Jiangxi, Jiaodong, Huainan drums and so on. According to the musical instruments, there are iron sheet drums, wooden board drums, plum blossom drums, pear blossom drums, Qingyin drums and so on.