Learn about lithium battery in one minute

Learn about lithium battery in one minute | Detailed review of lithium battery industry chain

The development of lithium batteries in recent years must be seen by everyone. Even Musk said that lithium batteries are new oil.

At present, the upstream diversification of lithium battery industry chain reduces the cost, which makes the downstream vehicle enterprises develop at a high speed and the new technology of battery industry gradually matures.

What is a lithium battery?

What types of lithium batteries are there?

Detailed explanation of each link of lithium battery?

Basic understanding of battery management.

Lithium battery is a battery that uses carp metal or alloy as anode or cathode material and uses non-aqueous electrolyte. The charge and discharge process of carp battery mainly depends on positive and negative ions (Li+).

When moving between the electrode and the negative electrode, carp ions are removed from the positive electrode and inserted into the negative electrode through electrolyte, and the negative electrode is in a hammer-rich state; The opposite is true when discharging.

The application fields of lithium ion batteries are mainly divided into power and non-power. The power fields of lithium-ion batteries include electric vehicles and power tools. Non-dynamic fields include elimination

Consumer electronics and energy storage fields.

Classification of batteries

Lithium-ion batteries can be divided into different types according to different classification standards, and can be divided into drilling acid batteries, iron phosphate batteries, ternary batteries and so on according to cathode materials. According to the product form

There are square batteries, cylindrical batteries and soft bag batteries; According to the application scenarios, it can be divided into consumer electronics, energy storage and power batteries.

Among them, the consumer carp battery is mainly used for 3C products; Energy storage batteries are mainly used in distributed independent power systems such as home energy storage and solar wind power generation.

It should be suitable for all kinds of electric vehicles, power tools and new energy vehicles.

Cathode material

Compared with other links, its competition pattern is scattered, its profitability is weak, its gross profit margin is generally below 20%, and its production capacity is seriously overcapacity, mainly due to the positive pole.

The threshold for possessing these characteristics is relatively low.

According to the technical route, ternary and ferric phosphate have been competing. Twenty years ago, it was a ternary world, mainly because there were more ternary subsidies in 15 -20 years, and iron phosphate was therefore more expensive.

The advantage of low security was surpassed last year. For example, in the past year, Tesla's Mode 1Y and Tucki's P7 both began to introduce models of iron phosphate batteries.

At present, the top three markets are German Nano, Bai Rong Technology and Betrayal. The production capacity is mainly concentrated in China, Japan and South Korea, and China has reached 56% of the global share. These two years have been used up.

The current production capacity of Heimafangde Nano is 654.38+200,000 tons, and 50% of the demand for iron carp of Contemporary Ampere Technology Co., Ltd. depends on it.

Negative electrode material

The competition pattern of negative grade materials is slightly better than that of positive electrode, and it is not so dispersed, and the gross profit margin can be kept above 25%.

The global market share of the top four companies is almost between 12% and 15%. We also have advantages in this respect. Our production capacity accounts for 765,438+0% of the global total.

Every company will basically tie one or several bosses' thighs, so everyone will make money steadily while laughing with different bosses in different positions. Like betrayal.

Binding overseas power battery manufacturers. Putailai also binds high-end consumer electronics giants and overseas power battery manufacturers to cut into power batteries through consumer electronics. , Shang

Too tied to the big tree of contemporary Ampere Technology Co., Ltd..

The next technical direction of negative grade is negative grade of carbon and silicon. Silicon can actually meet the demand of high energy density, but its disadvantages are poor conductivity and large volume expansion.

It can be changed by nanocrystallization, compounding with carbon and other methods.

shower gel

The entry threshold of this industry is not high, and it can usually be completed in 1 year, but the market structure is relatively concentrated, with Tianci Materials, XinAIA and Jiangsu Guotai firmly occupying the top three.

The electrolyte consists of electrolyte carp salt, solvent and additives. There are two kinds of salt management in this electrolyte: traditional salt management and new salt management. Traditional salt management has also occupied the mainstream market.

A new type of difluorosulfomide (LiFSi) fluorophosphate carp has also attracted great attention.

Since the second half of 20 years, the supply and demand have been seriously unbalanced, and the price of hexafluorophosphoric acid in electrolyte has soared. At present, manufacturers are more cautious in expanding production.

Lack of mutual understanding

Diaphragm is different from other heavy assets industries, and it often takes 2~3 years to purchase, install and debug equipment, because the overall yield of the industry is still relatively low.

60%~70%, the production difficulty can be imagined, so the production capacity can only be slowly ground.

The yield of the above three raw materials can reach 90%. Therefore, in terms of industry barriers, it is much higher than the other three. At present, it is a pattern of "one super and many strong".

The profitability of leading enterprises is also strong. In recent years, the gross profit margin of En Jie stock has remained at around 46%. The electric diaphragm of carp in China started late, but it has been made in China at present.

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