What are the schools of thought contending?

A hundred schools of thought contend is the general name of various academic schools in the Spring and Autumn Period, Warring States Period, Qin and Han Dynasties. According to the Records of Hanshu Literature and Art, there are 189 * * articles and 4324 works. Later books, such as Annals of Sui Shu Classics and Records of Sikuquanshu, recorded thousands of "schools of thought contend". However, dozens of them are widely circulated, influential and famous. Confucianism; Representative figures: Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi. Works: The Analects of Confucius, Mencius and Xunzi. Confucianism is one of the important schools in the Warring States period. In the Spring and Autumn Period, it took Confucius as the teacher, took the six arts as the law, advocated "propriety and benevolence", advocated "loyalty and forgiveness" and impartial "golden mean", advocated "rule by virtue" and "benevolent government", and attached importance to moral and ethical education and human cultivation. ?

Taoism; Representative figures: Laozi, Zhuangzi, Shinto and Yang Zhu. Works: Tao Te Ching, Zhuangzi, Four Classics of Huangdi, etc. Taoism is named after the core idea of "Tao", which was first seen in the book Essentials of Six Classics by Sima Tan, a historian in the Western Han Dynasty. It is also called a moralist.

Mohist school; Representative: Mozi. Works: Mozi Mohism is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period, and its founder is Mo Zhai. The theoretical basis of this school is "mutual love and mutual benefit": treat others as yourself; Love is to love others as yourself. The purpose of "mutual benefit" can only be achieved by "blind date in the world"

Legalist school; Legalism is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period. It is called a legalist because it advocates the rule of law, "don't be intimate, don't be extremely noble, and be divorced from the law." In the Spring and Autumn Period, Guan Zhong and Zi Chan were the pioneers of legalist thought. In the early Warring States period, Li Kui, Shang Yang, Shen Buhai and Shen Dao founded the Legalist School.

Famous artists; Celebrities are one of the important schools in the Warring States period, and they are called celebrities by later generations because they are engaged in the main academic activities of arguing names (names, concepts) and facts (facts). At that time, people called them "debaters", "judges" or "famous criminals". Representative figures are Hui Shi and GongSunLong. ?

Yin and yang family; Yin-Yang School is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period, which was named after advocating the theory of Yin-Yang and Five Elements and explaining social personnel. This school originated from the ruling class in charge of astronomical calendars in ancient times, and its representative was Zou Yan, a Qi man in the Warring States Period. ? Yin-yang theory holds that Yin-yang is the opposing and transforming force of things themselves, which can be used to explain the law of development and change of things.

Strategist; Representative figures: Su Qin and Zhang Yi. Founder: Guiguzi. The main remarks were circulated in the Warring States Policy, and the counselor was China's counselor who lobbied the governors during the Warring States period and engaged in political and diplomatic activities with the strategy of uniting Lian Heng. Be listed as one of the schools of thought. The main representatives are Su Qin and Yi Cheung. ?

Sage; Representative: Lv Buwei. Because Huang Lao-dao's eclectic attitude towards hundred schools of thought showed a mixed characteristic, he was often regarded as a miscellaneous family in history. But in fact, Huang Laodao's main concern is Taoist thought. Miscellaneous school is a comprehensive school at the end of the Warring States Period, named after "Confucianism, Mohism, the method of combining names" and "the integration of hundred schools of thought's Tao" (History of Han Dynasty, Art and Literature, Yan Shigu's Note).

Farmhouse; Nongjiale is one of the important schools in the Warring States Period. It is named after attaching importance to agricultural production. This was sent by an official in charge of agricultural production in ancient times. They believe that agriculture is the basis of food and clothing, and should be put in the first place in all work. On Mencius Teng Wengong, Xu Xing was recorded as a man, "for the words of Shennong", and it was put forward that sages should "plow with the people and eat, and eat for the people", which showed the social and political ideals of farmers.

Novelist; One of the ten schools of thought in pre-Qin Dynasty was to collect folk stories and investigate people's feelings. The History of Han Art Literature says: "Novelists flow from the government. Street talk, hearsay. " ? Novelists come from officials, that is, people who tell stories for a living. Its meaning is mostly created by street gossip and hearsay. It is spread and recited by people, and the beauty of poetry is explored in the grass. ?

Military strategist; Military strategists focus on directing wars and how to use force when it is necessary to achieve their goals. The founder is Sun Wu, and the strategists are divided into four categories: strategist, strategist, strategist. ? The main representatives of military strategists are Sun Wu and Sima Yi at the end of the Spring and Autumn Period. During the Warring States Period, there were Sun Bin, Wuqi, Liao Wei, Wei Wuji and Leitian.

Physician; Representative: Bian Que. The formation of China's medical theory lasted more than 700 years from the second half of the 5th century BC to the middle of the 3rd century AD. In the second half of the 5th century BC, China began to enter the feudal society. The transition from slave society to feudal society and the establishment of feudal system was a turbulent period in the history of China.

? Regarding the classification of the hundred schools, Sima Tan listed six schools. "On the basis of the Six Classics, Yi Da said:' The world is consistent, eclectic, and all roads lead to the same goal. "Yang Fuyin, Confucianism, Mohism, fame, law, morality, this is also a ruler" ("Historical Records Biography of Taishigong").

Liu Xin's "Seven Views" in Hanshu can be divided into ten schools: Confucianism, Taoism, Yin and Yang, Law, Ming, Mohism, Vertical and Horizontal, Miscellaneous, Agriculture and Novel. Except novelists, they are called "Nine and Ten". ?

Philosophers are the general name of political schools because the basic purpose of their schools is to provide political strategies for monarchs. Confucianism advocates reforming the people with morality; Taoism advocates governing by doing nothing; Legalists advocate that credit must be punished; Mohism advocates universal love for Shang Tong; Famous scholars advocate respecting soldiers and restraining generals.

After the Han Dynasty, Mohism and famous scholars became juexue, farmers became a technical discipline independently, and Yin and Yang schools evolved into metaphysics. Therefore, only Confucianism, Taoism and law have an influence on the politics of the later unified dynasty. ?

Many thoughts of a hundred schools of thought have left profound enlightenment to future generations. Such as Confucian "benevolent policy" and "don't do to others what you don't want others to do to you"; Mencius' ancient democratic thought; Dialectics of Taoism; Mohist scientific thought; Legalist materialism; The military thoughts of military strategists are still shining today. Even the sophistry master initiated the logic field in the history of China's philosophy.